• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2008

Purpose: The study was to develop an instrument to measure grandmothering stress for Korean day-care grandmothers and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument Method: The items of the instrument were based on a literature review and secondary data, After content validity tests and a pilot test, 20 items were developed. In order to test the reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 126 grandmothers. Result: After a factor analysis, five factors and 15 items were selected. These explained 67.2% of the total variance. The first domain was termed 'Health problems', and explained 18.1 % of the total variance, and the second domain of 'Possibility of role substitution' explained 13.8%. The third and the fourth domains were 'Relations with adult children' and 'Grandchildren's characteristics' explaining 12.5% and 12.1 %, respectively. The last domain explained 10.8% of the total variance with the theme 'Restriction of social life' After accomplishing the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be .75. Conclusions : This initial step in the development of a Grandmothering Stress Index is valuable to reflect the subject of Grandmothering stress in senior citizens in Korea. Future study should to refine the constitution of the instrument.

• 한국생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

In this comparison of observation of traditional childbirth and early childhood rituals, 118 young mothers whose children were 2- to 2.5- years-old and their mothers or mothers-in-law responded to questionnaires. Results showed that most grandmothers, when they were young mothers, observed more of the traditional rituals than the young mothers in sample. That is, more grandmothers hung the Kum jul(tabb rope) and the baby's grandparents named the baby. The young mothers of this sample were more likely to employ a professional name giver, they telephoned their relatives to inform them of the birth, gave a banquet, took more souvenir of picture, and were given more monetary and other gifts at their's first birthday.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

This study explores the grandchild-rearing experience of grandmothers whose children are part of dual-earner couples. Twelve participants provided in-depth interview data that were analysed according to Spradely's ethnographic method. We present three main themes in our research, as well as ten smaller themes: (i) the grandchild-rearing motive (from the perspective of the adult, the child, the grandchild, and the grandmother); (ii) the mode of grandchild-rearing support (residential, total weight of childrearing support, availability of a daycare center); (iii) the change in the grandmother's way of life (positive changes and negative changes). Finally, this study examines the integrity of the grandmother's identity as their productivity increases through providing grandchild-rearing support. It also looks at the importance of governmental policies that support their burdens according to the level support they provide.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.85-97
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles between generations and the comparative effects of grandfathers' and grandmothers' parenting styles on the parenting styles of parents. The subjects were 299 mothers and fathers of children aged between 2 and 5 years old who attend 9 preschools in Seoul. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regressions. The results show that a strong relationship exists between grandparents' parenting styles and the parenting styles of parents as grandparents' parenting styles predict parents' positive and negative parenting styles. It was also found that the influence of grandmothers' parenting styles on the parenting styles of mothers is stronger than that of grandfathers' parenting styles, but less influence of grandfathers' parenting styles on fathers' parenting styles exists.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables which account for grandchildren caregivers' subjective well-being. The subjects of this research were 100 grandmothers who are currently caring for grandchildren. The instruments used for this study were 'Job Content Questionnaire' by Karasek(1979), 'Family Support Inventory for Worker' by King, Mattimore, King, & Adams(1995), 'Social Support Scale' by Park(1985) and 'Psychological Positive Functioning' by Ryff(1989). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations and hierarchical multiple regression. The major results of this study are as follows; First, grandchildren caregiving's demand level was negatively related to grandmothers' subjective well-being, but it's control and support level were positively related to them. Second, the variables that explained grandchildren caregivers' sutjective well-being were their marital status, income, material reward, and family support. When they had a husband, the more money they had, and with more rewards for caregiving plus family support given, the more positive subjective well-being they had.

• 한국생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.194-195
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• 2010

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined grandmothers' experience of child care with grandchildren to understand how it affects their stage of life based on the methodology of grounded theory. Methods: This study used grounded theory, a method of qualitative study, as the theoretical foundation. The subjects of this study were 10 grandmothers who have reared their grandchildren for at least 6 months and volunteered to participate in the study after listening to an explanation. Resources were collected through in-depth interviews and the interviews were recorded and dictated. Results: The core category of participants in this study was "solidifying the family relationship". There were five steps in the process of "solidifying the family relationship". The first step of process was "affection motion" of rearing to help their daughters. The second step was "conflict" due to physical constraint and burden of child care. The third step was "acceptance" based on compensation and support and the fourth step was "development" in search of their ego. The last step was "integration" of family relationship. Conclusion: This study provided basic data for appropriate nursing intervention to grandmother to care for their grandchildren according to the five steps of grandmother's child care experience process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.914-923
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• 2007

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to identify the common, lived experiences of grandmothers who cared for their grandchildren as the primary caregivers. Methods: This study was based on the phenomenological method described by Colaizzi (1978). Results: Seven theme clusters emerged from the data as follows: "grandmother caregivers accept the parenting role of the incessant responsibilities and the distrust of non-kin caregivers.", "grandmother caregivers have a double maternal roles; an instrument-oriented maternal role to their own child and relationship-oriented maternal role to their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers are partially authorized to make decisions in the matters of their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers suffer a deterioration in their health by an acceleration of the aging process.", "caregiving causes grandmother caregivers to feel a sense of social isolation, and persue various coping strategies to control this feeling.", "grandmother caregivers have a greater feeling of self-esteem, but they often conflict with their adult children if they don't feel appreciated by them.", "grandmother caregivers have limited social support and their health issues are often overlooked in the family context.' Conclusion: The results of this study can guide nurses and health care workers to understand the experiences of grandmother caregivers and to implement individualized nursing interventions suited for them.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2020

This study showed that the association between grandmother-mother relationship and grandmother-grandchildren ties is mediated by the coparenting. Participants consisted of 329 grandmothers who were rearing preschool aged grandchildren in the Seoul and Gyeonggido area. SPSS 23.0 performed descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The structural equation model was estimated with AMOS 23.0. Parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit index used the chi-square statistic, the goodness of fit index (GFI), the Turker-Lewis index (TLI), the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The mediation effect analysis followed a two-step verification process; direct and indirect effect. In addition, statistical significance of the indirect effect was examined using a bootstrapping procedure. The results are as follows. First, a positive correlation was found between the grandmother-mother relationship, grandmother-grandchildren ties, and coparenting. Second, the association between grandmother-mother relationship and grandmother-grandchildren ties is mediated by coparenting. The results of this study suggest that the quality of the grandmother's relationship with mothers and cooperative coparenting is important to building relationships with grandchildren. In addition, coparenting can be an important mechanism for grandmother-mother relationships and grandmother-grandchild ties. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to improve the grandmothers' relationship quality with the mother and strengthen parenting ability.