• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake and food habits of low-income person aged 60 years or eldary. The hundred fifty persons from the suburbs of Jeonju were surveyed between August 1 to 20,1979. Results were as follows: Family environment Approximately 90% of elderly persons surved, lived with their children and grand-children: 5.2% together as a couple; and 4.4%, widowed, lived alone. Nearly 40% of the households has a average monthly incomes of W40,000 to W100,000. Average food expediture accounted for 50 to 70% of total monthly income, thus indicating that the subject families belonged to the lowest socioeconomic level. As pocket money, 74.5% of male subjects had more than W5,100 per month. whereas, 51.4% of female had less than W5,000. Anthropometric measurements: 97.6% of subjects has heights greater than 90% of the Korean standard for their age group, whereas 45.2% of the subjects were 60 to 89% of standard weight. 88% had an arm circumferences only 60 to 89% of the standard. Nutrient intake: Intake of the majority of nutrients was below the recommended allowances, especially for energy, protein, calcium and iron. The energy input ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 73.1-80.9. 13.3-15.8: 4.5-11.5, showing very heavy dependence on carbohydrates for energy needs. The contribution of animal protein was 24.3% of total protein intake, indicating an improper protein diet. Other factors influenced on the nutrient intake: Poor teeth, illness, and poor appetite were always associated with inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The larger the family size, the lesser intake of nutrients was observed among those elderly.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.252-261
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• 2013

The common speech recognition system displays higher recognition performance in a quiet environment, while its performance declines sharply in a real environment where there are noises. To implement a speech recognizer that is robust in different speech settings, this study suggests the method of Parallel Model Combination adaptation using frequency-variant based on environment-awareness (FV-PMC), which uses variants in frequency; acquires the environmental data for speech recognition; applies it to upgrading the speech recognition model; and promotes its performance enhancement. This FV-PMC performs the speech recognition with the recognition model which is generated as followings: i) calculating the average frequency variant in advance among the readily-classified noise groups and setting it as a threshold value; ii) recalculating the frequency variant among noise groups when speech with unknown noises are input; iii) regarding the speech higher than the threshold value of the relevant group as the speech including the noise of its group; and iv) using the speech that includes this noise group. When noises were classified with the proposed FV-PMC, the average accuracy of classification was 56%, and the results from the speech recognition experiments showed the average recognition rate of Set A was 79.05%, the rate of Set B 79.43%m, and the rate of Set C 83.37% respectively. The grand mean of recognition rate was 80.62%, which demonstrates 5.69% more improved effects than the recognition rate of 74.93% of the existing Parallel Model Combination with a clear model, meaning that the proposed method is effective.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4527-4533
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• 2014

Background: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate effects of cigarette smoking across three generations and perceptions of the smoking-cancer relationship on the cigarette smoking status of Turkish university students. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 434 university students studying in different departments of a university. Data were collected using a socio-demographic data collection form and the Decisional Balance Scaleqand evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, CHAID and multiple regression analyses. Results: The average age of the students participating in the study is 19.6+.5.0, some 11.3% of the students reporting that they smoked cigarettes. No statistically significant relationship was ascertained between the cigarette smoking statuses of the students based on the cigarette smoking status of their grandparents (p=0.144). but there was alink to that of their parents (p=0.002). The difference between the cigarette smoking ratios of the students based on their perceptions of smoking-cancer relationship was statistically significant (p<0.001). Believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer decreased likelihood of cigarette smoking 3.7 fold. Cigarette smoking by grandparents, and believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents explained 8.3% of the cigarette smoking status of the students. Conclusions: While cigarette smoking by grandparents only indirectly influences cigarette smoking by the students, believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents are influential variables in determining cigarette smoking by Turkish students.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.44.1-44.9
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• 2015

Background: Heat shock proteins play an important role in protection from stress stimuli and metabolic insults in almost all organisms. Methods: In this study, computational tools were used to deeply analyse the physicochemical characteristics and, using homology modelling, reliably predict the tertiary structure of the blunt snout bream (Ma-) Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins. Derived three-dimensional models were then used to predict the function of the proteins. Results: Previously published predictions regarding the protein length, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point and total number of positive and negative residues were corroborated. Among the new findings are: the extinction coefficient (33725/33350 and 35090/34840 - Ma-Hsp70/ Ma-Hsc70, respectively), instability index (33.68/35.56 - both stable), aliphatic index (83.44/80.23 - both very stable), half-life estimates (both relatively stable), grand average of hydropathicity (-0.431/-0.473 - both hydrophilic) and amino acid composition (alanine-lysine-glycine/glycine-lysine-aspartic acid were the most abundant, no disulphide bonds, the N-terminal of both proteins was methionine). Homology modelling was performed by SWISS-MODEL program and the proposed model was evaluated as highly reliable based on PROCHECK's Ramachandran plot, ERRAT, PROVE, Verify 3D, ProQ and ProSA analyses. Conclusions: The research revealed a high structural similarity to Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins from several taxonomically distant animal species, corroborating a remarkably high level of evolutionary conservation among the members of this protein family. Functional annotation based on structural similarity provides a reliable additional indirect evidence for a high level of functional conservation of these two genes/proteins in blunt snout bream, but it is not sensitive enough to functionally distinguish the two isoforms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.18
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• pp.97-110
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• 1992

West African's traditional looms, weaving and raw materials, structural patterning, dyeing and basic forms of dress were examines in the present study in order to deepen the appreciation of the cultural heritage of West Africa, and to make a contribution to the policy planning for export market developing The research method employed was the analysis f written materials. The study was limited to the traditional clothing habit which is preserved and practicing by them at the present day and the origin and the process of the historical development of those are not included in the scope of the present study. Followings are the results of the study: (1) They have vertical single-heddle loom horizontal or ground single-heddle loom, and double-heddle loom. The width of the cloth produced on the single-heddle loom varies about 38.5cm to 123cm and double-heddle looms all produced on the single-heddle looms all produced narrow strips of cloth varying in width from about 1.3cm to 75cm, although the average is about 10-20cm. (2) Despite the relative simplicity of the llom technology a remarkable variety of textiles are produced. (3) The most popular decorative technique in West African compound weaves is extra-weft patterning which is produced on both single-heddle and double-heddle loom by men and women weavers. Other forms of secondary patterning on textiles in West Africa are dyeing, applique, patchwork and embroidery. (4) Two basic forms of dress have spread throughout West Africa, the poncho (bpibpi) and the wrapper. Some versions of these basic forms are supplemented by western inspired trousers, shirts and blouses coupled with accessories usually complete their traditional outfits. They have a great variety of basic poncho, like as Khasa, Gandura, Tuareg-poncho, Babariga, Rigas (agba-da), Grand-boubou, Afteck, Tagua, buba, Danshike etc. Although West Africa has long been in contact with the peoples of the Nile region as well as the Maghreb and Sahara, both the boubou styles and the wrapper styles appear to have developed with a minimum of outside influence. African Islam was the principal agent for the diffusion of the boubou styles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2012

The Korean government has actively accepted private investments in building expressways to improve its financial status. As of 2012, 422km of 9 private expressways are under operation, and until 2016 additional 15 are planned to be built with private investments. However, on average, each private expressway is at most 37km long, which works against economies of scale in maintenance and thus leads to inefficiencies such as traffic jams, driver inconveniences, and the increase in operating costs. To resolve these problems, the present study suggested that the maintenance and tolling system should be unified across each private operator. Unifying the operation of private expressways was expected to reduce user travel times and tolls, and save operator maintenance costs. These economic effects were expected to be tantamount to hundreds of billions of dollars. The shared toll collecting system will also reduce user's delays by removing main line tollgates. This can save another hundreds of billions of dollars by ensuring driver's convenience and safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.2951-2957
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• 2010

In solar industry the development of tracking PV power generation devices progresses favorably because of its efficiency, comparing with fixed PV power generation devices. Tracking PV power generation device are not only preserving the amount of solar radiation per unit area but also maximizing the efficiency of solar battery. Therefore accurate and low-priced solar position tracking devices are very important to improve the economical efficiency and lower invest price. This research is concerned with solar position algorithm with uncertainties equal to 1 minute($0.016^{\circ}$) using the mathmatics and astronomg. Proposed algorithm in this paper, lowers the implementation price and improves power generation efficiency. In view of the result so far achieved, maximum error has 30 secend($0.008^{\circ}$). And the solar cell generating system applied by this algorithm showed the gain of the fixed type contrast average 23W(about 18%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1250-1256
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• 2002

A novel fine-mapping method exploiting linkage disequilibrium (LD) was applied to better refine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) positions for milk production traits on bovine chromosome 14 in the pedigree comprising 22 paternal half-sib families of a Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian grand-daughter design in the Netherlands for a total of 1,034 sons. The chromosome map was constructed with the 31 genetic markers spanning 90 Kosambi cM with the average inter-marker distance of 3.5 cM. The linkage analyses, in which the effects of sire QTL alleles were assumed random and the random factor of the QTL allelic effects was incorporated into the Animal Model, found the QTL for milk, fat, and protein yield and fat and protein % with the Lod scores of 10.9, 2.3, 6.0, 25.4 and 3.2, respectively. The joint analyses including LD information by use of multi-marker haplotypes highly increased the evidence of the QTL (Lod scores were 25.1, 20.9, 11.0, 85.7 and 17.4 for the corresponding traits, respectively). The joint analyses including DGAT markers in the defined haplotypes again increased the QTL evidence and the most likely QTL positions for the five traits coincided with the position of the DGAT gene, supporting the hypothesis of the direct causal involvement of the DGAT gene. This study strongly indicates that the exploitation of LD information will allow additional gains of power and precision in finding and localising QTL of interest in livestock species, on the condition of high marker density around the QTL region.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.493-501
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• 2022

This paper is a study on context-sensitive spelling error correction and uses the Korean WordNet (KorLex)[1] that defines the relationship between words as a graph to improve the performance of the correction[2] based on the vector information of the word embedded in the correction technique. The Korean WordNet replaced WordNet[3] developed at Princeton University in the United States and was additionally constructed for Korean. In order to learn a semantic network in graph form or to use it for learned vector information, it is necessary to transform it into a vector form by embedding learning. For transformation, we list the nodes (limited number) in a line format like a sentence in a graph in the form of a network before the training input. One of the learning techniques that use this strategy is Deepwalk[4]. DeepWalk is used to learn graphs between words in the Korean WordNet. The graph embedding information is used in concatenation with the word vector information of the learned language model for correction, and the final correction word is determined by the cosine distance value between the vectors. In this paper, In order to test whether the information of graph embedding affects the improvement of the performance of context- sensitive spelling error correction, a confused word pair was constructed and tested from the perspective of Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD). In the experimental results, the average correction performance of all confused word pairs was improved by 2.24% compared to the baseline correction performance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2017

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of 1)irradiation with several different ratios using red, green, and blue LEDs and 2)various pulsed light irradiation with 50% duty ratio using red and blue LEDs on the growth and morphogenesis of three lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativar L. cv. 'Jukchukmeon', 'Lolo Rosa', and 'Grand Rapid') in hydroponics culture system for 4 weeks after transplanting. Seeds were sown in rock-wool plug trays and they were placed in a culture room which was controlled at $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C/18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ temperature and 50-60/70-85% for day and night, respectively, during cultivation period. Irradiated RGB ratios with LEDs were 6:3:1, 5:2.5:2.5, 3:3:4, 2:2:6, and 1:1:8 with $110{\pm}3{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD on the surface of cultivation bed. The frequencies of pulsed lighting was 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 25,000Hz (20, 10, 0.1, 0.04 ms) with red and blue LEDs and 50% duty ratio. At the RGB ratio of 6:3:1, the average fresh weight of 'Jukchukmeon' was significantly higher than that of other RGB treatments, but no significant difference compared to the fluorescent treatment. The average fresh weight at 1:1:8 RGB ratio in 'Lolo Rosa' was significantly lower than that of other RGB treatments. Leaf number and fresh weight of 'Grand Rapid' were significantly lower in the control and 1:1:8 RGB treatments, compared to the other RGB treatments. As the ratio of blue light increased, leaf length decreased and leaf shape became round in three lettuces. Although there is little change in growth, it could not be found any tendency to affect the growth and morphogenesis of three lettuces caused by increasing or decreasing frequency of pulsed lighting with 50% duty ratio at the $72{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD.