• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2022

An 8 month old leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) with a large nodule was referred to our hospital. During the physical examination, the nodule had an unclear boundary from the top of the left eye to the front of the left ear and prevented the opening of the left eye. A hard, cheese-like, yellow, pus-filled nodule was observed. A cytological examination of a pus swab sample revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with rod-shaped bacteria. Ofloxacin was chosen as the empirical topical antimicrobial drug for treatment. The swab samples were inoculated in trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood and incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. Gram-negative bacteria were identified via Gram staining, and the Kirby-Bauer antimicrobial susceptible disk diffusion test against 24 antibiotics according to protocol M100-Ed32 of CLSI showed that the fluoroquinolone group (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) was susceptible to the isolated bacteria. Molecular identification based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing confirmed that the isolated bacteria had a 99.85% nucleotide similarity with Serratia surfactantfaciens (GenBank accession no. CP014948). After 1 week, the boundaries of the nodule became clear; thus, the abscess was physically removed by expanding the hole formed above the eye for drainage, and flushing was repeated. After another 1 week, new tissue restoration without scarring was observed. This is a rare case report of the successful management of a subcutaneous abscess and scar-free healing in a lizard.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.710-724
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• 2024

Flavobacterium can synthesize xanthophyll, particularly the pigment zeaxanthin, which has significant economic value in nutrition and pharmaceuticals. Recently, the use of carotenoid biosynthesis by bacteria and yeast fermentation technology has shown to be very efficient and offers significant advantages in large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and safety. In the present study, JSWR-1 strain capable of producing xanthophyll pigment was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea. Based on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics, JSWR-1 classified as belonging to the Flavobacterium species. The bacterium is strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and psychrophilic. The completed genome sequence of the strain Flavobacterium sp. JSWR-1 is predicted to be a single circular 3,425,829-bp chromosome with a G+C content of 35.2% and 2,941 protein-coding genes. The optimization of carotenoid production was achieved by small-scale cultivation, resulting in zeaxanthin being identified as the predominant carotenoid pigment. The enhancement of zeaxanthin biosynthesis by applying different light-irradiation, variations in pH and temperature, and adding carbon and nitrogen supplies to the growth medium. A significant increase in intracellular zeaxanthin concentrations was also recorded during fed-batch fermentation achieving a maximum of 16.69 ± 0.71 mg/l, corresponding to a product yield of 4.05 ± 0.15 mg zeaxanthin per gram cell dry weight. Batch and fed-batch culture extracts exhibit significant antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated that the JSWR-1 strain can potentially serve as a source for zeaxanthin biosynthesis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1983

말쥐치육을 시료로하여, 건조중과 건어육 저장중의 갈변과 미생물조성의 변화를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. $40^{\circ}C,\;50^{\circ}C$에서의 강제송풍식건조중에는 지방산화가 Maillard반응보다 갈기색소물질의 형성에 다소 깊이 관여하였다. 건조중의 지방산화는 감속건조기에서의 말쥐치 건조표면의 수분활성에 영향을 받아서, 공기의 상대습도가 $30\%$일 때 지방산화가 가장 늦었고, 상대습도가 $20\%,\;10\%$로 낮아지거나 $40\%,\;50\%$로 높아질수록 지방산화가 촉진되었다. 건제품을 $30^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을 때에도 갈변색소물질의 형성에는 지방산화가 Maillard 반응보다 다소 깊이 관여하였다. 수분활성 $0.12{\sim}0.76$의 범위에서 지방산화가 가장 늦었던 것은 수분활성 0.33부근이었다. $6\%$의 sucrose, $1.5\%$의 D-sorbitol을 첨가하였던 건어육을 $30^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을때 지방산화가 가장 늦은 수분활성은 0.33보다 다소 낮아졌으며, 평형수분함량의 증가에 따른 이동성(mobility)의 증대로 인한듯한 수용성갈변색소물질의 증가를 초래하였다. 건조직후의 말쥐치육의 미생물조성은 구균 $30\%$, 간균 $65\%$, 곰팡이와 효모가 $5\%$정도였다. 저장중에는 전체 미생물중 구균이 차지하는 비율이 증가하였고, 비포자 Gram 음성간균은 감소하였으며, 비포자 Gram 장성균과 포자형성균 및 곰팡이, 효모가 차지하는 비율은 거의 일정하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2006

A bacterial strain capable of hydrolyzing carrageenan was isolated from the coast of Busan in Korea. The isolated strain (HS5322) is aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile. Comparison of the 16S rDNA of the isolate with that of known Pseudomonas sp. showed that sequence similarity was at most 95%, implying that the isolate is a new Pseudomonas species. The organism grew optimally at NaCl concentrations of 2.0 to 2.5%. The optimum temperature and pH for carrageenase production in a 72-h flask culture containing 1% carrageenan was $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5, respectively. Of the synthetic substrates tested, the highest enzyme activity was obtained with p-nitrophenyl ${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

A previously unreported bacterial disease on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings affecting as many as 4% of seedlings was observed in greenhouses in Chihuahua, Mexico (Delicias and Meoqui counties). Initial lesions appeared as irregular small spots on leaves and brown necrosis at margins tips were observed. Later, the spots became necrotic with a chlorotic halo. Advanced disease was associated with defoliation. A Gram negative, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from diseased chili pepper seedlings. Three inoculation methods revealed that isolated strains produce foliage symptoms, similar to those observed in naturally infected seedlings. Pathogenic strains that caused symptoms in inoculated seedlings were re-isolated and identified to fulfill koch's postulate. Polyphasic approaches for identification including biochemical assays (API 20E and 50CH), carbon source utilization profiling (Biolog) and 16S rDNA, hsp60 and rpoB sequence analysis were done. Enterobacter cloacae was identified as the causal agent of this outbreak on chili pepper seedlings.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.663-676
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• 1999

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram negative, anaerobic, asaccharolytic rod, is one of the most frequently implicated pathogens in human periodontal disease and has a requirement for hemin for growth. A 30 kDa (heated 24 kDa) hemin-binding protein whose expression is both hemin and iron regulated has recently been purified and characterized in this oral pathogen. This study has identified a hemin-binding P. gingivalis protein by expression of a P. gingivalis genomic library in Escherichia coli, a bacterium which does not require or transport exogenous hemin. A library of genomic DNA fragments from P. gingivalis was constructed in plasmid pUC18, transformed into Escherichia coli strain $DH5{\alpha}$ , and screened for recombinant clones with hemin-binding activity by plating onto hemin-containing agar. Of approximately 10,000 recombinant E. coli colonies screened on LB-amp-hemin agar, 10 exhibited a clearly pigmented phenotype. Each clone contained various insert DNA. The Hind III fragment transferred to the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter expression vector system produced a sligltly smaller (21 kDa) protein, a precursor form, immunoreactive to the antibody against the 24 kDa protein, suggesting that the cloned DNA fragment probably carried an entire gene for the 24 kDa hemin-binding protein.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2008

The aerobic photosynthetic bacterium, which produces bacterial carotenoids was isolated and identified from coastal marine environments. This bacterium was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and designated as Erythrobacter longus SY-46. E. longus SY-46 was Gram negative and rod shape, and the optimal culture conditions were $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and 3.0% NaCl concentration, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources required for the optimal growth were lactose and tryptone, respectively. Fatty acid compositions of E. longus SY-46 were $C_{18:1}$(78.32%), v-linolenic acid($C_{18:3n9.12.15c}:3.83%$), margaric acid($C_{17:0}$: 3.38%), palmitic acid($C_{16:0}$: 3.07%), and docosahexaenoic acid($C_{22:6n3}$: 2.21%). In addition, E. longus SY-46 showed the characteristic absorption peaks of bacterial carotenoids(in the region of 450 to 480 nm) and bacteriochlorophyll(770 to 772 nm). Major carotenoids of E. longus SY-46 were polyhydroxylated xanthophylls such as fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.460-465
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 토양으로부터 높은 pectinase 활성을 나타내는 균주를 분리하였고, pectinase 생산을 위한 최적 배양조건을 검토하였다. strain KL34의 배양특성과 pectinase 생산 조건을 검토한 결과 최적온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 배양액 초기 pH 8.5, 최적 탄소원 2% polygalacturonic acid 및 최적 질소원 yeast extract 0.25%에서 가장 높은 효소활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2016

Five bacterial strains designated DY37, BS333, JJ521, BM1, and DG13-2 were assigned to the genus Deinococcus were isolated from forest soil samples collected from Deogyusan, Busan, Changwon, and Seoul of South Korea. The isolates were Gram-staining negative or positive, and pale pink- or red-pigmented, short-rod shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strains DY37, BS333, JJ521, BM1, and DG13-2 were most closely related to Deinococcus aquatilis CCM $7524^T$ (with 99.0% similarity), D. ficus CC-FR2-$10^T$ (100.0%), D. grandis KS $0485^T$ (99.2%), D. roseus TDMA-$uv51^T$ (98.9%), and D. yunweiensis $YIM007^T$(100.0%), respectively. These 5 species have never been proposed in Korea; therefore 5 species of 1 genera in the family Deinococcaceae in the order Deinococcales within the class Deinococci are reported for proteobacterial species found in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1496-1499
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• 2008

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil $357^T$ was isolated from soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea). The isolate contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-$C_{16:0}$, iso-$C_{17:1}$ ${\omega}9c$, and iso-$C_{15:0}$ as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.3 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil $357^T$ was most closely related to Lysobacter gummosus (97.6%) and Lysobacter antibioticus (97.6%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Gsoil $357^T$ and its phylogenetically closest neighbors was less than 17%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 357T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter ginsengisoli sp. novo is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil $357^T$ (=KCTC $12602^T$=DSM $18420^T$).