• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2004

모세관 전기영동을 이용한 박테리아의 분석에 영향을 주는 다양한 실험적인 요인을 연구하였다. 여러 완충액 농도에서 gram-positive 박테리아에 비해 gram-negative 박테리아는 높은 전기장 하에서 다른 분리 거동을 보임을 확인하였다. 한편, 모세관 내부로 주입되는 박테리아의 농도에 따른 분리 효율의 차이가 연구되었다. 완충액에 존재하는 박테리아 시료의 농도가 비교적 높은 1.0 mg/ml일때 좋은 분리 효율이 얻어졌으며, 이것은 박테리아의 높은 농도에서 발생하는 focusing effect에 의한 결과로 보인다. 선형 고분자인 poly(ethylene)oxide(PEO), polyvinylpyirrolidone(PVP)와 가지형 고분자인 dextran을 크기와 형태적 차이로서 박테리아를 분리하기 위하여 테스트하였다. 다른 고분자와 달리 보다 유연하며 입체 장애가 적은 선형 고분자인 PEO를 포함하는 완충액에서 gram-positve 박테리아인 Micrococcus lysodeikticus와 gram-negative 박테리아인 Aerobacter aerogenes의 혼합물을 높은 효율로 분리하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2017

This study investigated bacterial growth-inhibitory effect of 69 therapeutic herbal plants extracts on 9 bacterial strains using a disc diffusion assay. Especially, the antimicrobial activity of Psoraleae semen, which showed different activity on pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated by MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) and biofilm formation assay. The effect of Psoraleae semen extract on bacterial cell membranes was examined by measurement of protein leakage (optical density at 280 nm) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). No clear zone was formed on discs containing Gram-negative bacteria, but Gram-positive bacteria exhibited clear zones. The MICs of Psoraleae semen extract were $8{\mu}g/mL$ for Streptococcus mutans, and $16{\mu}g/mL$ for Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, biofilm formation was inhibited at concentration $8-16{\mu}g/mL$. Protein leakage values and SEM images revealed that cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria were impaired following exposure to the extract. Further, the extract inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sausages. These results indicate that Psoraleae semen extract could be utilized as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.314-327
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• 1999

This study was investigated to isolate identify the total bacteria and fungi from the indoor air of work-place of the shoes, paint, stainless steel, and plastic industries. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plates were calculated by the open petridish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of work-places at the autumn and winter. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using API Staph and API 20E kits. The isolated fungal colonies were identified by gross appearance of the giant colonies and microscopic examination of their spore and hyphal characteristics on the slide culture method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics against isolated bacteria was determined by the microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth. The 70-400 colonies in autumn and 54-236 colonies in winter were isolated from the indoor air of work-places of several industry. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 46.3%, 19.8%, 17.3%, and 16.1%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus spp. In Gram positive and negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were identified as Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Neisseria spp, respectively. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus spp, respectively. The frequently isolated Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococus spp were highly resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, and tetracycline. These results arouse our attention to microbiologic pollution in the indoor air of work-places of industries.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.700-706
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• 1994

Lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation were tested for inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The Lactobacillus brevis (KCCM 35464) was found to produce a antimicrobial substance. It showed relatively wide range of inhibition spectrum against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and maintained the inhibitory activity between pH 4.0 and pH 9.0. The antimicrobial substance was obtained in the stationary growth phase and was purified by gel chromatography. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial substance on sensitive bacterial strains was determined by filter paper test. The activity of antimicrobial substa- nce was stable at 75$\circ$C. On the basis of its electrophoretic pattern is SDS-PAGE, antimicrobial substance appeared as a single band of 59 KDalton.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

Bacteriocins in Gram-positive bacteria have attracted much attention because many have a strong antimicrobial activity also against bacteria outside the genera of the producers. Lantibiotics and the pediocin-like bactericins have attracted most attention since they kill a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria including important pathogens. But many other promising Gram-positive bacteriocins have been thoroughly characterized. Recent studies have shown that bacteriocins may playa role in the intestinal flora to protect us against the food-borne pathogens. Bacterial genome sequencing has demonstrated that there may be an arsenal of such compounds and we are only seeing the top of the iceberg. The present review gives a short outlook of the field of bacteriocins with focus on lactic acid bacteria and includes recent findings.

• 약학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-20
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• 1966

1. Of the 32 extracts from Genus of lishenes broth tested for antimicrobial activity, 28 inhibited at least one of the 3 test microorganisms used. 2. Twenty seven lichnes broth from 32 species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-positive bacteria M. pyogenes var, aureus 203 p, and twenty four lichenes broth from 32 Species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. 3 Twenty five lichenes broth from 32 species tested were active against at least one of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli 0.126. 4. The antibiotic substances in lichenes were readily extracted by organic solvents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.281-284
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• 1991

Combination effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) against nine gram positive bacterial strains and 43 gram negative bacterial strains which included 40 strains of animal intestinal bacteria were studied in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SMX and TMP alone and 20:1 (SMX : TMP) mixture (ST) were investigated by the method recommended by Ad Hoc Committee of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy for the Evaluation of Sensitivity Testing Methods for Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. MICs of ST were more potentiated than those of SMX alone in 8 of 9 gram positive strains and 40 of 43 gram negative strains. Especially, 38 strains of 40 intestinal bacteria showed significant susceptibility to ST as compared to SMX. These results suggest a strong synergistic activity of ST mixture against animal intestinal bacteria, The activity was considered to be comparable to those of other current antibiotics.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1986

A series of modified poly(acrylic acid)'s containing different levels of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-aminophenyl acetamido] penicillanic acid (ampicillin) as pendant groups were prepared. Antibiotic activities of the newly prepared drugs were examined against the various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was found that ampicillin modified composition posses antibiotic activities against the gram-negative as well as the gram-positive bacteria.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1974

23종(種)의 대표적(代表約)인 세균(細菌)에 대(對)하여 glucosamine 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)하여 당지질(糖脂質)의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하고 당지질(糖脂質)의 함량(含量)과 Gram염색(染色)과의 상관관계(相關關係)를 규명(究明)한바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Gram음성균(陰性菌) 및 varieable균(菌)은 그 균체(菌體) 당지질중(糖脂質中) glucosamine함량(含量)이 최소(最少) Proteus vulgaris의 $0.04{\mu}g$에서 부터 최고(最高) Aerobacter aerogenes 의 $2.48{\mu}g$의 범위(範圍)로 분포(分布)되여 있었다. Gram positive균(菌) 및 Bacillus속중(屬中)의 Gram양성균(陽性菌)은 전부(全部) $0.02{\mu}g$ 이하(以下)의 함량(含量)을 갖고 있었다. Gram양성(湯性)인 Corynebacterium sepedonicum 및 Staphylococcus aureaus는 특(特)히 glucosamine함량(含量)이 최소(最少)였다. 이들보다 Gram음성균(陰性菌)은 양성균(湯性菌)과 명확(明確)히 구별(區別)할 수 있을만큼 glucosamine함량(含量)이 많았다. 2. Gram염색(染色)은 당지질(糖脂質) 추출전(抽出前)보다 추출후(抽出後)가 염색(染色)이 더 잘되는 경향(傾向)이였다. 3. Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas fluorescens 및 Salmonella typhirurium의 4균주(菌株)에서 얻은 당지질(糖脂質)의 적외선(赤外線) spectra는 대체(大體)로 같았으며 다 OH-group C-O, C-O-C, $CH_2+CH_3$, amide 결합(結合), 지방산(脂肪酸) ester 결합(結合), ester carbonyl 결합(結合)의 존재(存在)를 확인(確認)하였다.