• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1429-1432
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• 2000

Three groups of 7, 8 and 8 barrows (22 weeks age; 35 kg body weight), reared on grower diets were fed ad libitum on three isonitrogenous finisher diets containing 50, 71 and 92% wheat bran by replacing maize grain till the attainment of about 74 kg slaughter weight. Growth pattern, average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain ratio and carcass traits were similar in all the groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, CF, NFE total carbohydrate and energy (DE) decreased (p<0.01) with the increased level of wheat bran in the diet. However, CP digestibility was comparable among all the diet and the digestibility of EE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in grainless diet ($FD_3$). It appears that maize grain may be completely replaced with wheat bran in the diet of crossbred pigs without any adverse effect on their performance with respect to feed intake, body weight gain and carcass characteristics.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

Coarse grain crops including maize, sorghum, buckwheat, fox-tail millet, pearl millet, proso millet and barnyard millet have been used as health food, feed and industrial materials in Korea for a long time. Korean ancestors thought and treated them as the very important good crops for human health and the crops have served as a dish made with all the grains, particularly in January 15 of the lunar month in korea because the grains make the five viscera of heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys and the six entrails of gall bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, the paunch, the bladder, and the bowels strong and build healthy body. Thus, the objectives of the paper were to review and summarize the results obtained from the quality breeding and functional researches worldwide on nutrition, utilization and medical action of the coarse grain crops. Maize grain, fresh ear and green fodder yields have increased since 1960s in Korea. Agronomic traits improvements also occurred for cold tolerance, disease and insect resistance, resistance to barrenness, resistance to loding, pollen production, grain and seed yields, and eating quality. For buckwheat, improved summer buckwheat varieties produced more rutin for vegetable and grain than autumn varieties in Korea

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.341-344
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• 1989

시비법을 달리하여 재배된 벼가 태풍(벼 등숙기인 8월 28~29일) 피해로 인하여 일어났던 탈리정도의 차이를 분석코자 가 시험구의 출수기, 수량 및 에틸렌 생성량 등과의 관계를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 질소첨가 시비구(질소단용구, NP구, NK구, NPK+SiO$_2$구, NPK+퇴비구)는 질소무첨가 시비구(무비구, 무비+퇴비구, 무질소구, P단용구, K단용구)보다 탈입율이 낮았고 에틸렌 생성량도 낮았다. 2. 수도의 시비법에 따른 에틸렌 생성량과는 정의 유의상관(r=0.718*)을 곡실수량과는 부의 유의상관(r=-0.858**)을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1463-1470
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• 2010

미세성형 기술은 다양한 소재의 활용, 높은 생산성과 적은 재료의 손실, 고품질 생산과 같은 기존 소성가공의 장점을 실현할 수 있기 때문에 마이크로 크기의 부품생산에 매우 유망한 기술로 간주되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 매크로 영역에서 축적된 많은 기술과 노하우들은 소재의 크기가 마이크로 단위에 줄어듦에 따라 나타나는 소위 "크기효과"로 인해 미세성형 공정에 그대로 적용될 수는 없다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 마이크로 영역에서 나타나는 재료거동의 크기효과를 이론적, 실험적 연구를 통하여 고찰하였다. 다양한 두께의 구리시편에 열처리를 실시하여 결정립의 크기를 다양화 하였고, 인장시험을 통하여 시편의 두께와 결정립의 크기가 유동응력에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 또한 이러한 크기효과의 정량적인 분석을 위하여 마이크로 및 매크로 영역에서 적용 가능한 소재의 유동응력 모델을 이론적으로 도출하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.51-51
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• 2023

Global warming has significant effects on the growth and development of wheat and can cause a reduction in grain yield and quality. Grain quality is a major factor determining the end-use quality of flour and a reduction in quality can result economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to study the physiological characteristic of wheat to understand its response to temperature elevation, which can aid in the development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of high temperature and sustain wheat production. This study investigated the effects of elevated temperature on grain characteristics and quality during the grain filling period of two Korean bread wheat cultivars Baekkang and Jokyoung. These two bread wheat cultivars were subjected to an increasing temperature conditions regime; T0 (control), T1 (T0+1℃), T2 (T0+2℃) and T3 (T0+3℃). The results showed that high temperature, particularly in T3 condition, caused a significant decrease in the number of grains per spike and grain yield compared to the T0 condition. The physical properties, such as grain weight and hardness, as well as chemical properties, such as starch, protein, gluten content and SDSS, which affect the quality of wheat, were changed by high temperature during the grain filling period. The grain weight and hardness increased, while the grain size not affected by high temperature. On the other hand, amylose content decreased, whereas protein, gluten content and SDSS increased in T3 condition. In this study, high temperature within 3℃ of the optimal growth temperature of wheat, quantity properties decreased while quality-related prosperities increased. To better understand the how this affects the grain's morphology and quality, further molecular and physiological studies are necessary.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2011

Prior austenite grain size plays an important role in the production of high strength hot-rolled steel. This study investigated the effect of Ti and C contents on the precipitates and prior austenite grain size. Steel with no Ti solutes had prior austenite grain size of about 620 ${\mu}m$. The addition of Ti ~ 0.03 wt.% and 0.11 wt.% reduced the prior austenite grain size to 180 ${\mu}m$ and 120 ${\mu}m$, respectively. The amount of Ti required to significantly decrease the prior austenite grain size was in the range of 0.03 wt.%. However, the amount of carbon required to significantly decrease the prior austenite grain size was not present from 0.04 wt.% to 0.12 wt.%. Oxides of Ti ($Ti_2O_3$) were observed as the Ti content increased to 0.03 wt.%. The specimen containing 0.11 wt.% of Ti exhibited the complex carbides of (Ti, Nb) C. The formation of Ti precipitates was critical to reduce the prior austenite grain size. Furthermore, the consistency of prior austenite grain size increased as the carbon and Ti contents increased. During the reheating process of hot-rolled steel, the most critical factor for controlling the prior austenite grain size seems to be the presence of Ti precipitates.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.536-546
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• 2024

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of grain-based pecking blocks on productivity and welfare status at two commercial broiler welfare-certified farms. Methods: Production and welfare indicators were assessed at two farms (designated Farm A and B). Both farms had two windowless houses with forced tunnel-type ventilation and housed broilers at stocking densities of approximately 16.7 birds/m² (Farm A) and 16.8 birds/m² (Farm B). Each house was divided into two or three equal sections and was provided with or without pecking blocks. Grain-based pecking blocks, measuring 25 × 25 × 25 cm, were given to broilers in both farms at 1 block per 1,000 birds. Various parameters including productivity (body weight and flock uniformity), corticosterone levels (in fecal droppings and feathers), footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather dirtiness, gait score, litter quality, body surface temperature, and volatile fatty acids in fecal samples were assessed at 26 days of age, whereas litter quality was analyzed at 13 and 26 days of age. Results: There were no significant effects of providing pecking blocks on productivity (body weight and uniformity), fecal and feather corticosterone, welfare indicators (i.e., footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather cleanliness, and gait score), and litter quality (i.e., moisture, nitrogen, and pH). No differences in body surface temperature between the control and enrichment treatments were noted in Farm B, but body surface temperatures of the head (p = 0.029) and legs (p = 0.011) in the enrichment vs. control group were elevated in Farm A. Butyrate concentration in the enrichment vs control group was higher in Farm B (p = 0.023), but this effect was not detected in Farm A. Conclusion: It is concluded that grain-based pecking blocks did not affect performance and welfare indicators. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential impact of grain-based pecking blocks on gut health indicators.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2023

Sugar or dextrose increases the cost of production of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris. Brewers' Spent Grain (BSG) was chosen as a source of fermentable sugars. BSG is a significant industrial by-product generated in large quantities from the breweries. Primarily used as animal feed due to its high fiber and protein content, BSG holds great potential as an economically and ecologically sustainable substrate for fermenting biomolecules. This study explores BSG's potential as a cost-effective carbon source for producing xanthan, utilizing Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961. An aqueous extract was prepared from BSG and inoculated with the bacterium under standard fermentation conditions. After fermentation, xanthan gum was purified using a standard protocol. The xanthan yield from BSG media was compared to that from MGYP media (control). The fermentation parameters, including pH, temperature, agitation and duration were optimized for maximum xanthan gum yield by varying them at different levels. Following fermentation, the xanthan gum was purified from the broth by alcoholic precipitation and then dried. The weight of the dried gum was measured. The obtained xanthan from BSG under standard conditions and commercial food-grade xanthan were characterized using FTIR. The highest xanthan yields were achieved at 32 ℃, pH 6.0, and 72 h of fermentation at 200 rpm using BSG media. The FTIR spectra of xanthan from BSG media closely resembled that of commercial food-grade xanthan. The results confirm the potential of BSG as a cost-effective alternative carbon source for xanthan production, thereby reducing production costs and solid waste.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2003

Characterization of an ultra precision grinding plate for GMR head manufacturing is performed by measuring frictional forces between the grinding plate and the advanced ceramic Two kinds of methods of producing the precision grinding plates are presented: texturing and micro-channeling. Texturing is effective in terms of production time but micro-channeling excels in quality control. It is found that the frictional coefficient of a precision grinding plate decreases as the impregnation of diamond grain onto the precision-grinding plate progresses, and remains unchanged once the impregnation process is successfully completed, even after 100 revolutions of the precision-grinding plate against the advanced ceramic under 40 N of normal force. Therefore, the measurement of the frictional coefficient can replace costly and time-consuming process of estimating the level of impregnation of diamond grain on the precision-grinding plate, which has been performed by using scanning electron microscope, and be employed as an index to determine the level of impregnation of diamond grain.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2016

Rice contaminated with fungal species during storage is not only of poor quality and low economic value, but may also have harmful effects on human and animal health. The predominant fungal species isolated from rice grains during storage belong to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Some of these fungal species produce mycotoxins; they are responsible for adverse health effects in humans and animals, particularly Aspergillus flavus, which produces the extremely carcinogenic aflatoxins. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to devise safety procedure for the control of such harmful fungi and production of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins. This review provides information about fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored rice grains, and microbe-based (biological) strategies to control grain fungi and mycotoxins. The latter will include information regarding attempts undertaken for mycotoxin (especially aflatoxin) bio-detoxification and microbial interference with the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway in the toxin-producing fungi.