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Investigation on the Size Effects of Polycrystalline Metallic Materials in Microscale Deformation Processes

미세성형 공정에서 다결정 금속재료의 크기효과에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Hong-Seok (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul Nat'l Univ. of Technology) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Sung (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul Nat'l Univ. of Technology)
  • 김홍석 (서울산업대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 이용성 (서울산업대학교 기계공학과)
  • Received : 2010.05.10
  • Accepted : 2010.06.01
  • Published : 2010.10.01

Abstract

Microforming, which exploits the advantages of metal forming technology, appears very promising in manufacturing microparts since it enables the production of parts using various materials at a high production rate, it has high material utilization efficiency, and it facilitates the production of parts with excellent mechanical properties. However, the conventional macroscale forming process cannot be simply scaled down to the micro-scale process on the basis of the extensive results and know-how on the macroscale process. This is because a so-called "size effect" occurs as the part size decreases to the microscale. In this paper, we attempt to develop an effective analytical and experimental modeling technique for explaining the effects of the grain size and the specimen size on the behavior of metals in microscale deformation processes. Copper sheet specimens of different thicknesses were prepared and heat-treated to obtain various grain sizes for the experiments. Tensile tests were conducted to investigate the influence of specimen thickness and grain size on the flow stress of the material. In addition, an analytical model was developed on the basis of phenomenological experimental findings to quantify the effects of the grain size and the specimen size on the flow stress of the material in microscale and macroscale forming.

미세성형 기술은 다양한 소재의 활용, 높은 생산성과 적은 재료의 손실, 고품질 생산과 같은 기존 소성가공의 장점을 실현할 수 있기 때문에 마이크로 크기의 부품생산에 매우 유망한 기술로 간주되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 매크로 영역에서 축적된 많은 기술과 노하우들은 소재의 크기가 마이크로 단위에 줄어듦에 따라 나타나는 소위 "크기효과"로 인해 미세성형 공정에 그대로 적용될 수는 없다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 마이크로 영역에서 나타나는 재료거동의 크기효과를 이론적, 실험적 연구를 통하여 고찰하였다. 다양한 두께의 구리시편에 열처리를 실시하여 결정립의 크기를 다양화 하였고, 인장시험을 통하여 시편의 두께와 결정립의 크기가 유동응력에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 또한 이러한 크기효과의 정량적인 분석을 위하여 마이크로 및 매크로 영역에서 적용 가능한 소재의 유동응력 모델을 이론적으로 도출하였다.

Keywords

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  1. Development of a Miniaturized Microforming System and Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Material for the Production of Micro Components by Forming vol.29, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7736/KSPE.2012.29.11.1221
  2. A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Tribological Size Effect in Microforming Processes vol.22, pp.7, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5228/KSTP.2013.22.7.394