• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

자동차 운전면허 시험에서 객관적인 평가가 중요하다. 특히 도로 주행시험은 실제 도로에서 운전능력, 규칙준수, 상황판단능력 등을 종합적으로 시험하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 GPS와 센서 데이터 및 기기조작 정보를 활용하여 운전면허 시험의 자동채점시스템을 제안한다. 자동채점 시스템은 차량탑재장치, 채점용단말, 데이터 제어장치, 데이터 저장 및 처리를 위한 서버로 구성되어 있다. 차량탑재장치는 차량에 설치된 센서 데이터를 수집한다. 채점 단말은 차량탑재장치로부터 받은 데이터를 활용하여 기준에 따라 자동채점 한다. 또한 이동 중에 GPS 오차로 인하여 차량이 도로를 벗어나 표현되므로 지도매칭 기법과 경로이탈 및 복귀 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 이 시스템은 기존 시험 채점 방식과 달리 자동 채점이 가능하며, 시험 결과에서 정확한 차량위치 표시와 GPS 음영지역을 벗어났을 때 10초 이내로 경로 복귀를 하였다. 이 시스템은 도로 주행 교육에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to develop a basic bodice pattern and establish standards regrading to the size and grading of Korean misses' measurements in order to provide modern data for the ready-to-wear garment industry. 222 girls, aged from 18 to 27, were measured on 19 items of their structure. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, maximum, minimum, range and correlation coefficient between each items were analized. The analysis revealed the following significant results. The fundamental difference data of the bodice pattern and grading measurements between the year of 1975 and 1981 were as follow. (1) The measurements of bust and center back were used as a foundation to establish a standard size and grading. (2) Ranges of the bust circumference measurements were increased. Thus the sizes ere classfied into 5 groups. (3) The ease of bust circumference was increased due to the increasement of shoulder width. (4) The increase of the upper arm resulted to lower the bust line. (5) The shoulder slopes were higher than 1975. Therefore, the basic measurements of the shoulder slopes were reduced. (6) In spite of the front neck measurements were not changed, the back measurements were requied to increase. (7) the center front length became much shorter in the contrast with the increase of the center back length.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2023

Objective: To validate a simplified ordinal scoring method, referred to as modified length-based grading, for assessing coronary artery calcium (CAC) severity on non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated chest computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 120 patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 63.1 ± 14.5 years; male, 64) who underwent both non-ECG-gated chest CT and ECG-gated cardiac CT between January 2011 and December 2021. Six radiologists independently assessed CAC severity on chest CT using two scoring methods (visual assessment and modified length-based grading) and categorized the results as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The CAC category on cardiac CT assessed using the Agatston score was used as the reference standard. Agreement among the six observers for CAC category classification was assessed using Fleiss kappa statistics. Agreement between CAC categories on chest CT obtained using either method and the Agatston score categories on cardiac CT was assessed using Cohen's kappa. The time taken to evaluate CAC grading was compared between the observers and two grading methods. Results: For differentiation of the four CAC categories, interobserver agreement was moderate for visual assessment (Fleiss kappa, 0.553 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.496-0.610]) and good for modified length-based grading (Fleiss kappa, 0.695 [95% CI: 0.636-0.754]). The modified length-based grading demonstrated better agreement with the reference standard categorization with cardiac CT than visual assessment (Cohen's kappa, 0.565 [95% CI: 0.511-0.619 for visual assessment vs. 0.695 [95% CI: 0.638-0.752] for modified length-based grading). The overall time for evaluating CAC grading was slightly shorter in visual assessment (mean ± SD, 41.8 ± 38.9 s) than in modified length-based grading (43.5 ± 33.2 s) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The modified length-based grading worked well for evaluating CAC on non-ECG-gated chest CT with better interobserver agreement and agreement with cardiac CT than visual assessment.

• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.345-356
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• 1994

The Shirts Blouse was produced through the process of shirts Blouse pattern making by utilizing CAD System developed by PAD Sys-tem Techologies Co. Ltd that is suitable to educational use or industrial use. The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the development of efficient and various design patterns by applying this pro-cess to the actual business of apparel making. The results were as follows: 1. The applicable range of CAD system 1) The repeated work can be avoided by thansforming and developing the basic pattern stored and the storage and remodification were easy. 2) The deletion duplication movement and copy of all points and lines in the pattern can be made freely and measurement of all lengths and angles the attachment of two patterns were possible. 3) The grading Library of the basic pattern was applied as it was and the time was curtailed by adding only several grading points with the change of design. 2. The problem in the use of the CAD System 1) Through the input of basic pattern by the digitizer the minute size difference was generated as each point on the curve came to be designated. 3) In grading the line of neck girth there was inconveniences to go to the plan view in order find out deviation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

This study aimed to report the effect of moving cupping therapy (MCT) on peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Four patients with PFP treated with MCT combined with integrative Korean medicine treatment (KMT). Patients were hospitalized for < 17 days. House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS), Yanagihara grading score (Y-score), and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SBGS) were used to assess the changes during treatment periods, and facial photos were taken at admission, interim, and discharge. Facial paralysis symptoms and HBGS grades improved in all patients (Patient 1: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 2: HBGS of V to III; Patient 3: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 4: HBGS of IV to II) following an average of 14.5 days of treatment. The mean (± standard deviation) Y-scores and SBGS scores also increased (Δ[Y-score]: 13.75 ± 3.50 and Δ[SBGS]: 40.00 ± 13.11) from baseline to end of treatment. These findings suggest the clinical effectiveness of MCT combined with integrative KMT in treating patients with PFP.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-207
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• 2014

This paper mainly discusses the influence of the aggregate properties including grading, shape, content and distribution on the chloride diffusion coefficient, as well as the initiation time of steel corrosion from a probabilistic point of view. Towards this goal, a simulation method of random aggregate structure (RAS) based on elliptical particles and a procedure of finite element analysis (FEA) at meso-scale are firstly developed to perform the analysis. Next, the chloride diffusion coefficient ratio between concrete and cement paste $D_{app}/D_{cp}$ is chosen as the index to represent the effect of aggregates on the chloride diffusion process. Identification of the random distribution of this index demonstrates that it can be viewed as actually having a normal distribution. After that, the effect of aggregates on $D_{app}/D_{cp}$ is comprehensively studied, showing that the appropriate properties of aggregates should be decided by both of the average and the deviation of $D_{app}/D_{cp}$. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the application of this mesoscopic method in predicting the initiation time of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The mesoscopic probabilistic method developed in this paper can not only provide more reliable evidences on the proper grading and shape of aggregates, but also play an important role in the probability-based design method.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide for some basic data useful to production of the apparels fit and measured well for the Chinese men. For this purpose, Chinese men's apparel measurements and specifications were determined per area group(Beijing/ Shanghai) according to the Men's Wear Specifications (GB/T 1335.1-1997), National Standards of People's Republic of China. The collected data were statistically processed using SAS 6.12 for technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, group-wise analysis and ANOVA. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As a result of dividing the Chinese men into Beijing and Shanghai men and thereby, setting height and upper chest circumference for upper garments and height and waist for lower garments. 2. Analyzing the correlations according to the three-fold classifications of height/upper chest circumference/waist for garment specifications, 17 specifications based on heights and upper chest circumferences for Beijing men's upper garments could be designed within the deviation level of 2%, while 15 specifications based on waist measurements could be designed (between $70{\sim}98cm$) for their lower garments within the deviation level of 4%. Thus, a total of 60 combinations of the specifications could be obtained. 3. 16 specifications based on heights and upper chest circumferences for Shanghai men's upper garments could be designed within the deviation level of 2%, while 16 specifications based on waist measurements could be designed (between $68{\sim}98cm$) for their lower garments within the deviation level of 3%. Thus, a total of 56 combinations of the specifications could be obtained. For other reference measurements, grading measures were set for each type and body part, while the average measures of major body parts were calculated.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop grading method of the basic brassiere patterns therewith, provide for 12 size's brassiere patterns and prove fitness of their's and shape. The collected data were statistically processed using the SAS 6.12 for Means, Standard Deviation, etc. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The basic sizes adopted at the first design stage (see fig.1-2) were 75AA, 75A and 75B each of which was designed as upper foundation basic pattern in reference to the cup size. At the second stage, each of the upper body foundation basic pattern was used to design lower cup, upper up, front panel and wing in their order(see fig.3-6). At the third stage, the other sizes were graded in reference to the three brassiere patterns (75AA, 75A and 75B) to produce 12 brassiere sizes(see Tab. 7-8). In order to develop the basic patterns of adult women's brassieres, 33 women were selected per 11 size combination(3 women per size combination), and then, their brassiere fitting was teated. As a result, the fronts of the basic patterns were found to have such problems as undone front center, poor levelling of upper cup's bottom line or lower cup's top line, poor shape of upper cup's outside top line and shoulder strip position. On the other hand, on the rear side of the basic patterns, the central part of the wing was slightly lifted, while the wing width and straps'interval did not befit the ful1-cup brassiere. The result of this first brassiere fitting test showed that the functionality and aesthetics of the basic pattern brassieres were more or less satisfactory, and thus, the problems were addressed for the second teat. In the second test, the aesthetics, breast-shaping effect and functionality of the basic pattern brassieres were much improved. 2. We were to present the final brassiere sizing system to extend the interior length of breast and the exterior length of breast on the basis of fitting test. Thereby, 75B$.$80A$.$80B$.$85A$.$85B's the interior lengths of breast were enlarged to 0.7cm, the rest size was enlarged to 0.5cm and the exterior length of breast was enlarged to 0.5cm regardless of sizes. 3. The upper foundation basic patterns of 75AA and 75B were presented and and the basic brassiere pattern and grading pattern were presented through to.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1993

본 연구는 3가지 교각형상에 대하여 국부적 정지상세굴에 대한 수리실험결과를 분석한 것이다. 실험결과에 의하면 국부적 상대세굴심은 교각형사, 하상입경의 기하표준편차, 유속비, 교각 푸르드수와 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 교각의 상대세굴심은 반원사각형교각에서 가장 작고 하상재료가 균일할 때 보다 불균일할 때 현저하게 작게 나타났다. 입도의 불균일성으로 인한 세굴감소효과는 Raudkivi와 Ettema의 연구결과와 비교 검토하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

A significant difference in table grape quality was found between harvest seasons, producers and cultivars. In general, 'Kyoho' grapes showed much greater difference in fruit quality than 'Campbell Early'. The ratio of 'Campbell Early' grapes with poor quality (below quality standard within grades), was higher in fruit harvested early in the season, mainly because of immature fruit harvest. In 'Kyoho', poor quality of fruit seemed to be derived from the deviation of cultural practice between producers. Major factors responsible for poor quality in both cultivars includes harvest of unripe cluster, poor sorting and grading, berry abscission, and poor coloration. It is recommended to introduce a new quality standards considering the market condition in 'Kyoho' or a fresh-cut technology of grape berries for niche market.