• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.318-326
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• 2005

본 논문은 인터넷 둥을 통해 유입되는 유해 이미지를 그 특징을 이용하여 무해, 선정, 유해(누드), 심한 유해(성인물)과 같은 이미지 컨텐츠의 등급으로 선별하기 위한 이미지 특징 추출 방법과 이미지분류 기술을 제시한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 입력 이미지에서 유해 정보임을 인식하기 위한 피부 영역 검출 기법을 제시한다. 또한, 노이즈를 줄이고 효과적으로 유해성 정도를 추출하기 위해 관심 영역을 설정하고 그 관심 영역 안에서만 특징을 정의하는 관심 영역 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 그리고 이미지를 4 종류의 등급으로 선별하기 위해 유해 이미지 분류 모델을 생성하는 다중 SVM 학습 기법과 생성된 분류 모델을 이용하여 입력 데이타의 유해 등급을 분류하는 다중 SVM 분류 기법을 제시한다. 특히 피부색 영역 이미지의 형태 정보와 피부색 비율 이미지의 색깔정보를 합하여 만든 피부색 가능성 분포 이미지를 제시하고, 이 피부색 가능성 분포 이미지를 축소하여 학습 과정에서 특징 분류를 위해 이용하는 이미지 특성 벡터를 제안한다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 제안한 유해 이미지 등급 선별 기법을 적용한 실험 결과와 이미지의 유해 둥급 분류에 대한 판별 성능을 평가한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.669-684
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• 2016

This study investigates Korean fighter pilot's usage and satisfaction of a flight duty uniform (FDU). The survey was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 using Focus Group Interview (FGI) and questionnaires. FGI collected qualitative data about duty and requirements; subsequently, surveys were performed to collect quantitative data about wearing conditions and satisfaction with FDU. The results of the FGI and the questionnaire were as follows. Type of pilot duty was divided into two parts, flight duty and ground duty. It is important to consider duties as well as factors related to survival when developing FDU. According to anthropometric data and wearing size, the basic size for apparel grading should be changed from actual size, 'M95XL' to 'M100L'. It is also necessary to improve the whole sizing system. Further studies about body form changes in pilot's movement are needed to improve mobility because the respondents perceived some restrictions at several body parts in movement with the coverall uniform. Summer FDU had a low satisfaction level in vent hole function and appearance. Furthermore, protection problems in the vent hole were also an issue. Making a seasonal classification of FDU fabric will be more effective than a vent hole to increase a pilot's thermal satisfaction. Respondents had a passive stance towards FDU reform (including pocket change); therefore, a new FDU design strategy should concentrate on improving current FDU functions like mobility (or comfort) rather than dramatic changes. Pilots complained about the quality stability of FDU; therefore, quality control by military administration as well as concrete and clear design instructions by the developer should be attained together. The results obtained in this study are expected to be used as an important basis for the further development of FDU.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.198-213
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• 2018

최근 들어 학생 평가 방법에서 서술형 평가의 중요성이 매우 강조되고 왔다. 본 연구는 학교현장에서 출제해 온 서술형 평가문항의 실태와 원인을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경남 지역의 중학교 7개 학교에서 1학년부터 3학년까지의 정기고사에 출제된 서술형 문항 300개를 수집하여 문항 유형과 단원별 문항 분포를 분석하고, 문항에 관련된 성취기준의 교육목표와 평가목표를 Bloom의 신 교육목표분류에 따라 분석하여 비교였다. 연구 결과, 대부분의 교사들이 공통된 단원에서 서술형 문항을 출제하는 경향을 보이며, 단원 및 성취기준별로 출제 빈도에 큰 차이를 보였다. 문항 유형으로는 서술형이 65%에 불과하였으며 나머지는 단답형이나 완성형 문항으로 구성되었다. 또한 성취기준에서의 교육목표와 문항에서의 평가목표 사이에 일치하는 비율이 40.3%에 불과하였다. 서술형 문항의 출제교사 27명을 면담한 결과, 서술형 문항의 개발 능력 부족과 채점에서의 어려움이 올바른 서술형 평가의 주요 장애 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 평가에 대한 체계적 연수를 통해 서술형 평가의 문제점들을 해결할 필요가 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency and working conditions of the patternwork departments by surveying the apparel manufacturing companies sampled in Seoul for their organization, working enviornment and technology of their patternwork departments, and thereby, find the ways to promote the functions of the patternwork department. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As a result of analyzing the working environment of patternwork departments, it was found that the problems counted by most of the pattern workers were lack of workforce, unhygienic or unpleasant workplaces. 2. As a consequence of analyzing the sample production in terms of tacking methods and times, They rarely tacked the white cotton. Such an omission of tacking procedure may serve to save time, but if a sewing error occurs, the working time would rather be longer due to the defects of pattern to be remedied. 3. As a result of reviewing the general patternwork conditions, it was found that the patterns were still worked out in two dimensions. On the other hand, more than 60% of the pattern workers were applying to their patternworks the styles which they had learned from their seniors. Few patterns are being developed in conformity to apparel trends or body shape changes. 4. As a consequence of examining the problems involving the production of patternsl, the problems involved primarily the patterns incised off no-dart pattern and body structure, and in light of items, involved mainly the trousers and in light of material, involved much the stretch or velvet. Moreover, it is deemed necessary to establish a special institute devoted to a systematic development of pattern technology. 5. Most of the CAD patternworks are used not for pattern designing but for grading and marking works, which suggests that pattern workers need to be educated on this new technology for more diverse and precise patternworks. 6. Lastly, as a result of examining the conditions of patternwork departments and their relevant works, most of the pattern workers were found to be subject to irregular and excessive workload, having little time to produce good patterns. This finding suggests that it is necessary to mandate the pattern workers to more involve the commodity planning.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1998

본 연구는 재구성육제품내 첨가제를 줄이는데 있어 예비혼합물에 첨가제를 전량 첨가하여 그 기능적 특성을 최대한 부여시킬 수 있는 첨가제의 종류와 이온강도 효과의 조건을 설정하고자 실시하였다. 육제품의 10%를 예비혼합들로 설정하여 돼지전지부위에 NaCl(0, 4.5, 9.0%), STPP (0, 2.5, 5.0%), PP (0, 2.44, 4.88%)를 각각 세단계로 이온강도를 같게 설정한 후 조합첨가하여 27가지 예비혼합물을 제조하고 pH와 추출한 단백질의 기능적 특성을 조사하였다. pH는 STPP와 PP의 첨가에 의해 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며(p<0.01), 동일 이온강도에서 PP가 STPP에 비해 높은 pH증진효과를 보였다. 예비혼합물에서 추출한 단백질(1 M NaCl, 동일한 염추출 용액 사용)의 특성 중 총 단백질추출성에 대하여 동일 이온강도 하에서 phosphate 이온이 chloride 이온보다 추출효과가 뛰어났다. 단백질의 용해성은 NaCl 첨가로 용해성이 낮아졌으며(p<0.05), 단백질추출성이 좋을수록 용해성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 원료육 내의 SH기 함량은 단백질추출성이 좋은 경우 SH기 함량이 높은 경향을 보였다. 단백질의 가열처리를 가상한 $65^{\circ}C$, 7분간의 단백질 추출물의 열처리 효과로 원료육의 SH기 함량이 낮아지고 소수성은 증가하였다(p<0.1). 그러나 세 첨가제에 의한 27가지의 예비혼합물에서 추출한 단백질의 전기영동상 형태는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 첨가제의 조합에 의해 이온강도가 높아짐에 따라 기능적 특성이 증가되지는 않았으나 인산염 중 동일이온강도를 감안할 때 첨가제를 줄이는 방안으로는 STPP보다 PP가 좋은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different media on blastulation, mean cell number, percentage of inner cell mass (ICM) of total cells and ICM : trophectoderm (TE) ratio in mice. Materials and methods: A total 552 two cell embryos were retrieved from ICR female mice (4 weeks old) at 48 hr after hCG injection (mated just after hCG injection) and cultured in MEM (n=276) or TCM (n=276) supplemented with 20% hFF. The grading of blastocysts from zona-intact (ZiB) to -escape (hatching and hatched, ZeB) was performed at 72 hours after culture. Total, TE and ICM cell numbers were analyzed by differential staining of blastocyst. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test with SigmaPlot-2001. P-values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The blastulation rate in MEM ($64.9{\pm}4.95%$) was significantly higher (p=0.0031) than that in TCM ($57.2{\pm}5.22%$). No differences were found in the number of ZiB and ZeB between MEM ($31.9{\pm}2.62$, $33.0{\pm}4.58%$), and TCM ($27.2{\pm}4.28$, $30.1{\pm}4.58%$). A total 314 blastocysts (MEM=166; TCM=148) were stained differentially. Mean cell number of blastocysts was significantly higher (p=0.0002) in TCM ($73.1{\pm}3.3$) than in MEM ($61.7{\pm}2.5$). Differential staining was successfully performed in 155 blastocysts (MEM=77; TCM=78). The percentage of ICM was significantly higher in MEM than in TCM ($20.9{\pm}1.3$ vs. $17.1{\pm}1.2%$, p=0.0281). The ICM : TE ratio was higher in TCM than in MEM (1 : $4.85{\pm}0.68$ vs. 1 : $3.78{\pm}0.78$, NS). Conclusion: These results show that MEM increase the blastocyst formation and percentage of ICM of total cells comparing with TCM in mice.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2013

Objective: The majority of embryo transfers (ETs) to date have been performed on day 3 to reduce the potential risk of developmental arrest of in vitro cultured embryos before ET. Development of sequential media has significantly improved culture conditions and allowed blastocyst transfer on day 5. While day 5 ET provides higher clinical pregnancy outcomes with reduced risks of multiple pregnancies, it still has potential risks of developmental arrest of IVF embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of day 4 ETs and compare the efficacy of day 4 ET with day 5 ET. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, a total of 747 fresh IVF-ET cycles were retrospectively analyzed (day 4, n=440 or and day 5, n=307). The cycles with any genetic factors were excluded. The rates of matured oocytes, fertilization, good embryos, and clinical pregnancy of the two groups were compared. The chi-square test and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the mean age of the females and rates of matured oocytes. The pregnancy outcomes of day 4 ET (40.7%) were similar to those of day 5 ET (44.6%). The implantation rate of day 5 ET (24.2%) was significantly higher than that of day 4 ET (18.4%) (p=0.003). Conclusion: Day 4 ET can be chosen to avoid ET cancellation in day 5 ET resulting from suboptimal circumstances in the IVF laboratory, but the decremented quality of embryos for transfer and the decreased pregnancy rate must be taken into consideration.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the assessment tools that can be used for the diagnosis and assessment of skin diseases by reviewing the present status of the assessment tools used in domestic and overseas traditional medicine papers for the past five years. Methods : This study is based on analysis of papers on clinical trials about atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, urticaria published from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. The papers were searched from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), Pubmed, MEDLINE. Results : 40 articles on atopic dermatitis, 34 articles on psoriasis, 26 articles on acne and 10 articles on urticaria were selected. Among them, 38 articles(90%), 20 articles(85%), 22 articles(85%) and 5 articles(50%) used assessment tools in order. Conclusions : SCoring Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD), objective SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index(OSI), Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI) were used in studies on atopic dermatitis. In the case of psoriasis, The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) was used in most papers. In the study on acne, most of Korean papers used Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS), but in the overseas papers, various assessment tools were used. In the case of urticaria, the rate of use of the assessment tool was the lowest, but the assessment tool used was unified by Urticaria Activity Score(UAS). Since skin diseases can cause stress and a decrease in quality of life, the quality of life should be taken into account when evaluating treatment effects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.163-166
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• 2011

Objective : Both the paraspinal muscle sparing approach and percutaneous screw fixation are less traumatic procedures in comparison with the conventional midline approach. These techniques have been used with the goal of reducing muscle injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and to compare the safety and efficacy of the paraspinal muscle sparing technique and percutaneous screw fixation for the treatment of L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. Methods : Twenty patients who had undergone posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at the L5-S1 segment for spondylolisthesis were prospectively studied. They were divided into two groups by screw fixation technique (Group I : paraspinal muscle sparing approach and Group II: percutaneous screw fixation). Clinical outcomes were assessed by Low Back Outcome Score (LBOS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain at different times after surgery. In addition, modified MacNab's grading criteria were used to assess subjective patients' outcomes 6 months after surgery. Postoperative midline surgical scarring, intraoperative blood loss, mean operation time, and procedure-related complications were analyzed. Results : Excellent or good results were observed in all patients in both groups 6 months after surgery. Patients in both groups showed marked improvement in terms of LBOSs all over time intervals. Postoperative midline surgical scarring and intraoperative blood loss were lower in Group II compared to Group I although these differences were not statistically significant. Low back pain (LBP) and leg pain in both groups also showed significant improvement when compared to preoperative scores. However, at 7 days and 1 month after surgery, patients in Group II had significantly better LBP scores compared to Group I. Conclusion : In terms of LBP during the early postoperative period, patients who underwent percutaneous screw fixation showed better results compared to ones who underwent screw fixation via the paraspinal muscle sparing approach. Our results indicate that the percutaneous screw fixation procedure is the preferable minimally invasive technique for reducing LBP associated with L5-S1 spondylolisthesis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

Purpose: Pyrethroid is an insecticide that produces moderate intoxication in mammals, with neither exposure to skin nor inhalation resulting in severe systemic manifestations. In 2005 we made a nationwide survey of agrichemical human intoxication. The object of this study is to analyze pyrethroid intoxications based on the 2005 survey. Methods: We prospectively collected data from 1 August 2005 to 31 July 2006 by a standard investigation protocol. We analyzed demographic data, exposure data (cause, amount, ingredients), clinical features, and courses. Results: A total of 125 cases of pyrethroid intoxication were surveyed. The mean patient age was $56.78{\pm}16.158$ years old, and the mean amount ingested was $121.85{\pm}110.732ml$. Patients were classified into four severity groups according to symptoms and mental status: the asymptomatic group (27 patients, 21.6%), the mild symptom group (48, 38.4%), the moderate symptom group (21, 16.8%), and the severe symptom group (7, 5.6%). There were statistically significant differences in mental status, severity, and mean ICU days between two groups. Admission days by severity grade for the asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe symptom groups were $5.49{\pm}16.051,\;3.65{\pm}4.143,\;4.59{\pm}3.335,\;and\;8.14{\pm}7.199days$, respectively (p=0.047). Conclusion: Nationwide surveillance was extremely telling in uncovering a high frequency of agrichemical intoxication in Korea. In pyrethroid intoxication, severity grading can be a useful prognostic tool.