• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

This study was accomplished to examine the dyeing property and functionality of both cotton and silk fabrics dyed with clove extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dyeing property, antibiosis, and sun protection effectiveness for a clove. The study method used in this study was the experimental research to extract dyestuffs from a clove, to treat dyestuffs with a mordant, and then to measure dyeing colorfastness, antibiosis, and sun protection for dyed fabrics. As a result of the test for dyeing colorfastness, in the case of colorfastness to laundry, the degree of discoloration showed grade $1\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to perspiration for both cotton and silk fabrics dyed showed grade $1\sim2$ to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to sunlight showed grade 2 to $4\sim5$. Colorfastness to rubbing showed grade $3\sim4$ to $4\sim5$. In the colorfastness to dry cleaning, the degree of discoloration showed grade $3\sim4$ and the degree of pollution showed grade $4\sim5$. As a result of the antibiosis test, for the Staphylococcus aureus, both cotton and silk showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry, and for the Escherichia coli, cotton fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% only after one time laundry, but silk fabrics showed the bacteria reduction rate of 99.9% even after five times laundry. As a result of the test for sun protection effectiveness, dyed silk fabrics showed the result more excellent than dyed cotton fabrics.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.715-725
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence which the professional dental hygiene education has on the knowledge and behavioral change for oral health to the students in the departments of dental hygiene. Methods : 771 students in the first grade and 646 students in the third grade who were attending the departments of dental hygiene from 12 colleges in Korea were surveyed. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the students in the colleges during May and asked them to answer the questions and then recovered them on the spot. The collected questionnaires were analyzed by using a SPSS/PC program and the difference of significance depending on the group of the students was tested by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. Results : In the number of eating snacks by the students during one day, 2-3 times was the highest, irrespectively of the grade. The rate of the students brushing their teeth after snack was higher in the third-grade students(34.8%) than in the first-grade students(20.8%). As the path of acquiring oral health knowledge, all of the first-grade and third-grade students replied that their school classes had impacted them the most. The rate of toothache experience was a higher tendency in third-grade students compared to the first-grade students(p=0.116). The rate of gingival bleeding experience was lower in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. The rate of oral prophylaxis experience was higher in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. In the smoking rate, there was lower in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. The rate of acknowledging smoking hazard to the periodontal health was higher in the third-grade students than in the first-grade students. Conclusions : This study revealed that the third-grade students of dental hygiene departments who were majoring in dental hygiene had a higher perception of oral health than the first-grade students whose the dental hygiene education period was short.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5843-5846
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• 2015

Background: Detection of cervical high grade lesions in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is still a challenge. Our study tested the efficacy of the paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in ASCUS and compared performance with the hybrid capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. Materials and Methods: A total of 463 consecutive ASCUS women from primary screening were selected. Their cervical scrapings were collected and assessed by PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV-DNA test (HC2). All patients with ASCUS were admitted to colposcopy and cervical biopsies. The Chisquare test was used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. Results: The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for detecting CIN2 + lesions were: 95.6%, 82.4%, and 94.6%, respectively, for the PAX1 MS-HRM test; and 59.7%, 64.7%, and 60.0% for the HC2 HPV test. Conclusions: The PAX1 methylation analysis by MS-HRM demonstrated a better performance than the high-risk HPV-DNA test for the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2 +) in ASCUS cases. This approach could screen out the majority of low grade cases of ASCUS, and thus reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1996

This test is verifying for influence of W/P ratio of investment upon dental prosthesis Firstly we made 40 MOD die and divide 4 groups, each group take 0.2 different w/p ratio grade such as 0.35, 0.37, 0.39 and 0.41. The method of data analysis applied were by ANOVA, Tukey test and Mann-Whiney and Kruskal Wallis test. The finding of this study were as follows : 1. The 0.37 w/p ratio group showed most accurte margin due to $15.8{\mu}m$ gap between margin and die which keep up with manufacture's instruction and 0.35 w/p ratio group was followed as second accuracy group o 새 $48.3{\mu}m$ gap between margin and die, 0.39 w/p ratio group showed $101{\mu}m$ gap and 0.41 w/p ratio group showed $129.8{\mu}m$ gap. 2. As to the relationship of the margin accuracy between 4 different grade of w/p ratio groups, each group was statistically significant(P<0.01). Also the all groups were statistically significant except between 0.35 and 0.37 groups between 0.39 and 0.41 groups, and between 0.35 and 0.39 groups. 3. A consequence of Mann-Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis test for marginal accuracy between 4 different grade of w/p ratio was statistically significant as same as above ANOVA test result. Also Tukey test for verifying similarity from each group showed same as above.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.613-617
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• 2001

The test items like as endurance, air leakage and oil endurance test is requested for reliability evaluation about O-ring which is a kind of core machinery accessories of semi-conduct manufacturing equipment. For verification of these, we design and manufactured a test system for endurance, air leakage and oil endurance of O-ring for semi-conduct manufacturing equipment, and also performed the test for two kinds of O-ring, as it were Viton and Kalretz. The characteristics of this test equipment consist in realization of the test conditions of semi-conduct manufacturing equipment and satisfying the test method. The test conditions are cut gas, vacuum grade, temperature and revolution numbers in the endurance test system, vacuum grade and temperature in the air leakage test system, temperature and time in the oil endurance test system. The separating test results for wearing which is an oil endurance test item, the wearing index of domestic produced Viton O-ring is higher than foreign product by 2%, wearing rate of Kalretz O-ring better than Viton O-ring by 17%, and particles existed in various place. The test result of air leakage which is measured through the RGA sensor used Helium, the vacuum grade was $10^-3$Torr. And the test result of oil endurance, the volume change rate was 7~15%. Hereafter, we intend to analysis the reliability test evaluation and to utilize for domestic manufacturing companies by establishing data base and developing reliability softwares.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Class on self-efficiency and fear of mathematics in middle school. For this study, the students involved in Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes in middle school took a pre-test and an post-test. According to the results, First, the students showed increased self-efficacy in mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Second, the students showed a decreased fear of mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Third, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy and fear of mathematics. Fourth, there were significant differences between Grade 2 and Grade 3, and between Grade 1 and Grade 2 in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy in Mathematics.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.182-194
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of family economic stress and parental support on behavior problems of children and 2) family economic stress parental support and behavior problems of children according to their sex and age. The subjects were 72 third grade children and 131 sixth grade children selected from five elementary school(105 male and 98 female) The questionaire was used as a methodological instrument and the statistics used for data analysis were frequency percentile mean ANOVA scheffe test t-test Results of this study indicated that behavior problems of children were increased by family economic stress and were decreased by parental support. The findings also indicated an indirect effect of family economic stress on behavior problems of children : increased stress was associa- ted with lower parental support and lower parental support was associated with higher behavior problems of children Boys were higher than girls in agression and delinquency and sixth grade children were higher than third grade children in obsession.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.12 s.115
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• pp.941-944
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• 1978

The author studied skin reactions and their incidences among 100 dental students and dental nurses to 2% Lidocaine HC1, 3% H₂O₂, Euginol, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite, Dycal and Adhesive plaster by means of Patch test. Following are the results of the study. 1. Eighty six cases out of 100 revealed slight response to 1 or 2 allergens. 2. 2% Lidocaine HC1 showed 1 case, 3% H₂O₂cases, Euginol 2 cases, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite 74 cases, Dycal 1 case Adhesive plaster 8 cases. 3. 5% Sodium Hypochlorite was the most influential to skin. 32 cases showed grade 1+, 20 cases showed grade 2++, 16 cases showed grade 3+++, 6 cases showed grade 4++++,

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 1998

This paper examines the effects of specimen length and grade on the strength and stiffness properties of structural timber of radiata pine. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 1,902 machine-graded boards with 3.15- and 1.62-m clear span lengths, were determined using a horizontal tension test machine. The mean failure and characteristic stress values for tensile strength show an extremely high dependency on test specimen length. The mean and characteristic values of both modulus of elasticity and tensile strength show significant dependency on machine stress grades.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare stress levels of middle school students by grade. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative survey using as convenience sample of 701 1st, 2nd and 3rd-grade students. The stress levels was measured by stress scale that consisted of 65 items regarding personal characters family, school, and peer factors. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 statistical program. Results: 1st graders and female students showed higher stress levels than 2nd, 3rd graders and male students, respectively. Conclusion: Grade, gender, life satisfaction, and regional levels were all significant factors associated with high stress levels among middle school students. Development of stress management program for this specific population, especially targeting students who are 1st Grader and living in rural areas, is needed.