• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.282-295
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• 2011

Prior research has reported that student epistemological beliefs might affect their participation in learning and the process of conceptual change. The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of sixth grade students epistemological beliefs about science and the relation between their epistemological beliefs about science and factors related their learning. For this research questions, 245 sixth grade students participated and various test instruments were used in this study. Students answered two types of questionnaires on epistemological beliefs about science and three test instruments on factors related students' learning(achievement in science, science inquiry skills, and cognitive levels). The results of this study were as follows. First, a large number of elementary school students believed that the purpose of science to perform activities like simple experiments. A lot of students believed that scientific knowledge was changeable according to the nature of scientific knowledge and that scientific knowledge could be learnt on their own. Also, many students believed experiment results to be basis on which to form personal scientific conceptions. Second, students who believed in more modern epistemology about science represented higher levels of science learning achievement, science inquiry skills, and cognitive levels. Therefore, when developing science curriculum, science educators need to consider how to develop student modern epistemological beliefs about science.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 경찰의 조직적 특성 중 경찰관서의 규모에 따른 스트레스 수준을 비교 분석하였다. 경찰관서 규모에 따른 스트레스 수준의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 독립변수는 관서규모와 급지, 종속변수는 생활스트레스, 직무 스트레스, 외상성 스트레스로 구성하여 일원변량 분산분석(One-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 그 결과 관서규모와 급지 둘 다 직무 스트레스와 외상성 스트레스에서 통계적으로 유의미한 수준의 차이가 발견되었다. 구체적으로 첫째, 관서규모에 따른 직무 스트레스 수준에서는 경찰관이 근무하는 관서규모가 작을수록 직무 스트레스의 수준이 높고, 관서규모가 클수록 직무 스트레스의 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 관서규모에 따른 외상성 스트레스 수준에서는 경찰관이 근무하는 관서규모가 작을수록 외상성 스트레스의 수준이 높고, 관서규모가 클수록 외상성 스트레스의 수준이 낮음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 급지에 따른 직무 스트레스 수준에서는 상급지 경찰서에 근무할수록 직무 스트레스의 수준이 높고 하급지 경찰서에 근무할수록 직무 스트레스의 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 급지에 따른 외상성 스트레스 수준에서는 상급지 경찰서에 근무할수록 외상성 스트레스의 수준이 높고 하급지 경찰서에 근무할수록 외상성 스트레스의 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make a list of scientific terms to decrease students' difficulties of science learning. By using inductive method, database has established from elementary school science textbooks and laboratory observation books. All terms from physics area of science textbooks and laboratory observation books at the levels of grade 3 to 6 were analyzed based on the Standard Korean Dictionary (1999) and Book of Physics Terminology (2005). As a result, we made a list of 204 scientific terms by grade level. Those were 51 words for grade 3, 55 words for grade 4, 56 words for grade 5, and 42 words for grade 6. And there were some incongruities among textbooks, the Standard Korean Dictionary and the Book of Physics Terminology.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

The expansion of open education and the 7th revision of educational curriculum have brought big changes in the school facilities. In response to the integrated curriculum for the first and second grades of elementary school, various plans, such as open classroom, expanded classroom size, and the installation of multi-purpose space, have been attempted. However, such plans have appeared in the form of an open classroom--a uniform spatial composition. As a result, a plan for unit learning space to support the educational curriculum and activities for low grade levels is still insufficient. In the case of advanced countries, a lot of studies on space are being actively conducted to develop the creativity of children and to facilitate free-style learning, and such space is actually applied to a real educational environment. Therefore, this study will analyze the spatial composition of unit learning space for low grade level elementary schools in Korea. From the cases of advanced countries, a more concrete proposal will be suggested to diversify unit learning space for low grade levels.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

The ultimate objective of environmental education is to develop characteristics of the affective domain being the basis for environmental behavior. As this need, the researchers developed a modular program for environmental values education suited elementary school's actuality. In practice of program development, researchers analyzed the contents of environmental education in current curriculum. Researchers set up development principles of modular program according to the level of elementary moral development. The system of this modular program consists of three levels like environmental awareness, environmental literacy, environmental responsibility, and each module is made up of three subjects representing these levels. So this modular program is classified with three level's modular group like low grade, center grade, and high grade. And set in array after selecting value strategies suited each grade level. The expectant effects of this program for environmental values education are as follows: Students form sound environmental values and attitudes for environment through various strategies that develop environmental awareness and environmental literacy. And those strategies provides various experiences to construct knowledge, value, and attitude about environment by oneself working together with teacher. So teacher and students can utilize easily at school or in nature. Besides, since it relates with single environmental problem from awareness to participation about environment, teachers can conduct elementary environmental curriculum more systematically and effectively.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the lipid profile ratios as factors affecting disease progress in patients with high-grade primary brain cancers undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The levels of lipid profile ratios were evaluated by looking at the total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (TC/HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (LDL-c/HDL-c), and triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c). This descriptive research was conducted 7 months after the initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: A total of 36 patients with newly diagnosed primary malignant brain cancer were included in the study. The levels of lipid profile ratios such as TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c were significantly different between the patients with and without disease progress at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: The lipid profile ratios were indicators affecting disease prognosis with tumor-related factors at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, lipid profile ratios indicating hyperlipidemia in patients with high-grade brain cancers should be carefully monitored during and after cancer-related therapy.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2009

This study investigated trajectories of change in the career maturity of elementary school students and of attachment to parents and academic achievement as predictors of change. The 2844 participants were 1524 boys and 1320 girls in the Korea Youth Panel Survey. They were fourth graders in 2004 and became seventh graders in 2007. Latent growth curve modeling indicated that : (1) Trajectories of change in career maturity from fourth grade to seventh grade modeled quadratic growth. (2) Variance of career maturity in initial levels, linear slope and quadratic slope indicated individual differences intrajectories of change in career maturity. (3) Attachment to parents influenced initial levels of career maturity academic achievement influenced both initial levels and linear slope of career maturity.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

본 연구는 개정 교육과정 적용과 관련하여 초등학교 6학년 학생들의 문자에 대한 이해 실태를 조사한 것으로 검사 도구를 이용하여 292명의 학생들의 반응을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 초등학교 6학년 학생들은 상위 수준의 문자 사용 유형일수록 정답률이 낮았으며 전반적으로 낮은 수준의 문자 사용에 제한된 것으로 나타났다. 일부의 학생들만이 문자를 특정한 미지수로 여기거나 일반화된 수로 여길 수 있었다. 약 40%의 학생들이 문자 이해 수준 3에 머물러 있음을 확인할 수 있었는데, 문자 이해 수준별로 학생들이 겪는 어려움이 다양하게 나타났다. 이를 통해 대수 교수 학습 방향에 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between nurse staffing levels and differences in patient outcomes in terms of average length of stay, in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy that differentiates fees for inpatients on the basis of nurse-to-bed ratios. Methods: We obtained information on inpatients from health insurance claims data published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) in 2008, organizational factors(type of hospital, ownership) from the records of the hospital report system in 2008, and nurse staffing levels, which were graded on a scale of 1 to 7, from data compiled between December 15, 2007, and September 20, 2008. The data were segregated according to type of hospital and quarter and finally 3,517 records of 1,182 hospitals were analyzed using multi-level analysis. Results: The average length of stay in grade 1~6 hospitals was lower than that in grade 7 ones, but the difference was much below one day. No significant difference was found among different grades in tertiary hospitals. Further, variations in staffing levels did not result in any significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate. Conclusions: High nurse staffing levels did not result in better patient outcomes compared with low staffing levels. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving patient outcomes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.839-851
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 과학 글쓰기에 나타나는 과학적 추론의 학년별 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 과학 글쓰기 활동지와 분석틀을 개발하였다. 국가수준의 성취도 평가 중상위 수준의 서울 지역의 한 초등학교 3학년부터 6학년 학생들에게 개발한 과학글쓰기활동을 하도록 하여, 총 320명의 과학 글쓰기 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 3학년 학생들의 글 중 52%, 4학년 학생들의 글 중 68%, 5학년 학생들의 글 중 85%, 그리고 6학년 학생들의 글 중 89%가 과학적 추론을 포함하고 있었다. 초등학생들이 쓴 과학 글에는 귀납적 추론, 연역적 추론, 귀추적 추론과 같은 세 가지 유형의 과학적 추론이 포함되어 있었다. 귀추적 추론이 나타난 글은 귀납적 추론이나 연역적 추론에 비해 상대적으로 매우 적었다. 그리고 과학적 추론 수준에서는 각 과학적 추론 유형별로 3 수준의 글이 가장 많았다. 귀납적 추론과 연역적 추론에서는 학년이 올라감에 따라 점점 높은 수준의 글을 썼으나, 귀추적 추론에서는 그러한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 학년별로 귀납적 추론, 연역적 추론, 귀추적 추론에 의한 글이 모두 나타났다. 귀납적 추론과 연역적 추론 수준은 통계적으로 유의한 학년별 차이를 나타내었다. 그러나 귀추적 추론 수준은 통계적으로 유의한 학년별 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3학년의 귀납적 추론과 연역적 추론 수준은 다른 학년과 비교하여 많이 낮은 편이었다.