• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2010

Fee for long-term care insurance in Korea are determined in proportion to resources utilized according to severity rather than based on categorization of beneficiaries in consideration of the characteristics of resource utilization. This adoption is based on the assumption that as beneficiaries of long-term care insurance, characteristically, demands social services rather than needs medical treatments, the characteristics of beneficiaries and the quality of utilized resources are comparatively homogenous. Therefore, the proposition is that the size of resource consumed by beneficiaries in the same grade is identical. However, even in the same grade, the level of utilized resources is different depending on the characteristic of beneficiaries. In this regard, this study is to examine whether there are differences in the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries even in the same grade. We analyzed time study data for 2003, 2005, 2006 which conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. To look at differences in the volumes of utilized resources, we identified characteristics of beneficiaries that influence utilized resource volumes and categorized services provided by facilities into the rehabilitation treatment category, the problematic behavior category, and the physical malfunction category. Then, we examined each service in consideration of service difficulty levels and wage weights. The result of examination showed that differences in utilized resource volumes exist in all three grades depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries. Especially, in the first grade with a high level of seriousness, utilized resource volumes were different for those three service categories and the problematic behaviour category considered dementia was found to consume the largest volume of resources. Moreover, there was the inversion phenomenon of utilized resources volumes between the grades. This result indicates that utilized resource volumes are different even in the same grade depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries and it is required to consider case-mix for reflection of the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.289-314
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• 2013

본 연구는 2011년 학업성취도 평가 결과를 Fusion 모형이라는 인지진단모형을 적용하여 수학교과에서 학교급별, 성취수준별, 성별에 따른 인지요소 숙달 양상과 다문화가정의 인지요소 숙달 양상을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초6은 12개의 인지요소에서 '귀납적으로 추론하기', 중3은 10개의 인지요소에서 '연역적으로 정당화하기', 고2는 10개의 인지요소 중 '사칙계산'이 가장 높은 숙달 비율을 보였다. 성취수준별로 인지요소의 숙달 양상을 분석한 결과, 초 중 고 모두 우수학력 집단은 전체 인지요소에서 94%이상의 숙달률을 보였으나, 기초학력이하 집단 학생들은 거의 모든 인지요소에서 초6과 중3의 경우 미숙달 비율이 70%이상이었고 고2는 99%이상이었다. 또한, 초6, 중3까지는 전반적으로 여학생의 인지요소 숙달 비율이 남학생보다 높으나 고2에서는 대부분의 인지요소에서 남학생이 여학생보다 숙달 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다문화가정 학생 집단과 일반가정 학생 집단 간 인지요소의 숙달 양상은 학교급별로 상이하게 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2021

This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in muscle pH_{24 h} and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05); however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p<0.05). The HA2 group exhibited a lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force compared to the HO1 and HO3 groups (60.8 vs. 69.2 and 87.8 N, p<0.001). For sensory quality attributes, steaks from the HA1 group showed higher scores of softness, initial tenderness, and amount of perceptible residue than steaks from the HO1 group (p<0.001). Within the quality grade 2, Hanwoo steers had a higher score of softness compared to Holstein steers (p<0.001). There were no differences in juiciness and flavor intensity between Hanwoo and Holstein steers at the same quality grade (p>0.05). This difference in tenderness attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area (0.37 vs. 0.50 mm², p<0.05) and higher fiber number per bundle (88.2 vs. 121, p<0.05) compared to Holstein steers. Therefore, bundle characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle can be crucial for explaining factor for the explanation of tenderness variations between different breeds at the same beef quality grade or marbling.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of carcass grade on the hardness, myofibrillar fragmentations index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril and actomyosin obtained from 1, 2, 3 and D carcass grade)subgrade) in Korean native cow. Proximate component, hardness, chewiness, myofibril fragmentation index, protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity if myofibril or actomyosin were not significantly different between 1st and 2nd carcass grade loin. The hardness and chewiness of 2nd carcass grade loin's were significantly lower than 3th grade loin's, but the myofibril fragmentation index, sarcoplasmic protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of myofibril were higher. The myofibrillar protein extractability and Mg-ATPase activity of actomyosin obtained from 3th carcase grade loin's were significantly higher than D grade loin's, but the hardness, chewiness and stroma protein extractability were lower. In conclusion, the degree of toughness in Korean native cow's loin was not significantly different between 1st and 2nd grade, but 3rd and D carcass grade were significantly higher, regardless of before and after aging.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

본 연구는 쑥의 첨가와 도체등급이 돈육 patty의 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 B등급육 patty(A patty), 쑥을 첨가한 B등급육 patty(B patty), 쑥을 첨가하지 않은 E등급육 patty(C patty) 및 쑥을 첨가한 E등급육 patty(D patty)를 제조하고 일반성분, 열량, 아질산 잔류량, 표면색도, 조직감, 보수력 및 관능성을 실험하였다. 수분함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 조지방 함량과 열량은 B등급육 patty가 E등급육 patty보다 높았다. 조회분은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 아질산 잔류량은 쑥을 첨가한 patty가 첨가하지 않은 것보다 낮았다. 명도(L)및 황색도(b)는 B등급육 patty가 높았으며, 적색도(a)는 E등급육 patty가 높았다. 경도, 응집성 및 씹힘성은 B등급육이 E등급육 patty보다 낮았다. 돈육 patty의 향기, 맛, 조직감, 다즙성, 색깔 및 종합적인 기호성은 patty들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1995

The primary purpose of this extensive test effort was to observe real-time operational performance characteristics associated with automotive grade fuel utilized by piston engine powered light aviation aircraft. In fulfillment of this effort, baseline engine operations were established with 100LL aviation grade fuel followed by four blends of automotive grade fuel. A comprehensive sea-level-static test cell/flight test data collection and evaluation effort were conducted to review operational characteristics of a carbureted light aircraft piston engine as related to fuel volatility, fuel temperature, and fuel system pressure. Presented herein are results, data, and conclusions drawn from test cell engine operation as well as flight test operation on 100LL aviation grade and four blends of automotive grade fuel.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.291-305
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• 2003

In this work we developed the closed-loop model of a paper machine during grade change with the intention to provide a reliable dynamic model to be used in the model-based grade change control scheme. During the grade change, chemical and physical characteristics of paper process change with time. It is very difficult to represent these characteristics on-line by using physical process models. In this work, the wet circulation part and the drying section were considered as a single process and closed-loop identification technique was used to develop the grade change model. Comparison of the results of numerical simulations with plant operation data demonstrates the effectiveness of the model identified.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1994

Toguchi method is a systematic technique for designing high quality product at low cost. There are three steps in the Toguchi method, 1)system design, 2)parameter design, and 3)tolerance design. This paper considers the tolerance design for multiple performance characteristics which is practically important. We present two tolerance design procedures : grade selection and tolerance determining procedures. In grade selection procedure a scheme is presented that minimizes the sum of the price of low-level characteristics and the expected loss due to the variations of high-level characteristics. In tolerance determining procedure we determine the tolerances of the low-level characteristics.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2008

대뇌 종양의 질환에서 Tumor의 정도를 M.R.S(MR Spectroscopy)를 이용하여 질환의 등급별 비교 분석과 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. M.R.S의 STEAM과 PRESS의 Protocol를 이용하여 High grade Tumor와 Low grade Tumor의 성분을 절편화 하고 질환별 Voxel의 Spectrum의 신호를 얻어서 질환의 생화학적 정보를 정량 분석하고, 각각 실험 결과에 대하여 비교 분석하여 질환의 성분 분석과 질환의 유형을 이해하고자 하였다. High grade Tumor에서는 NAA/Cr이 29.4%와 53.9%의 신호 감소를 보였고, Cho/Cr은 570%와 711%의 급격한 신호 증가를 보임을 알 수 있었고, Low grade Tumor에서는 NAA/Cr이 42.6%와 58.1%의 신호 감소를 보였고, Cho/Cr은 188%와 195%의 신호 증가를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 그리하여, 각 신호의 비교분석을 통한 종양의 정도와 특성을 이해할 수 있었고, 여러 인체장기에 폭 넓은 연구와 자료 확립을 하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2003

Ten MHz pulsed NMR spectrometer was used to measure the magnetic resonance characteristics of Korean red ginseng. The difference in the internal structures of good and bad red ginsengs was examined by their NMR characteristics. Average values of $T_1$ and free induction decay(FID) ratios of under grade Korean red ginseng were the highest among the three groups categorized as normal, medium and under grades Korean red ginseng and average values of $T_2$ and $T_2$$^{＊}$ of them were the lowest among the three groups. Principal component analysis(PCA) was used to observe the contribution of measured NMR values to the grade of Korean red ginseng. The measured $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_2$$^{＊}$ and FID ratio of 79 Korean red ginsengs classified as normal grade, medium grade and under grade were examined using PCA analysis. Cumulative variance of PC1 through PC3 occupied more than 90% of total variance at first and second NMR measurement. Plots of PC scores for the most important PCs showed that normal red ginseng samples were distributed around the left region of PC1 axis and most of the undergrade red ginseng samples were scattered around the right region of PC1 axis.