• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.193-213
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• 2016

This study has two goals. The First is to develop and apply a step-by-step program and the degree to which students' mathematical skills. The second is to analyze mathematical attitude change around the first grade students was done. The program for learning complement number is composed of series of 5 steps and 11 classes. Play for learning complement number, taking into account the difficulty of the learning steps 1-5 are organized. First step is composed of the classes which fragmented pieces of shapes to complete the entire geometry with fun activities for the entire part of the concept of learning and it maintenance concepts and can naturally learn by associating step. In second step, tools to take advantage of the real world and collecting the conservative concept. 3rd steps is to repair the mathematical concept of the parish in the learning stage of expansion. 4th step is halrigalri, number cards, making ten games etc. 5th step is to verify the concept of complement number and number operation ability. The concept of complement number through fun activities can improve students' mathematical skills, and mathematical attitude change. Early in the program, students use the finger to throw acid in the process. Simple addition and subtraction calculations may take a long time and error, but more and more we progress through the program using the fingers is eliminated and a more complex form calculations was not difficult to act out.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.13-27
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to analyze the levels of knowledge and behaviors of green dietary life and the factors affecting them, and to examine the educational content need for green dietary life. The data were collected from 246 middle school students in Daegu and Gyeongbuk region through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.21.0. The levels of knowledge and behaviors of green dietary life were not generally high. Percentage of correct answers of health category was higher than that of environment category in the knowledge of green dietary life. On the other hand, in the mean of the behaviors of green dietary life, health, environment, and consideration was higher in order. According to the result of multiple regression analysis for knowledge of green dietary life, grade was significant. In addition, monthly allowance (60,000~90,000 won), socioeconomic status (medium), and knowledge of green dietary life were the significant factors affecting behaviors of green dietary life. In the educational content need, the mean of weight maintenance was the highest, followed by separate garbage collection, prevention of environmental pollution, healthy foods, and traditional foods. On the basis of these results, education to increase knowledge of green dietary life is needed to revitalize behaviors of green dietary life.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.155-171
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• 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to apply the Basic CPR(Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training education program and identify its effects on knowledge of Basic CPR and skills of Basic CPR in second grade high school students. Methods: The training program was conducted for 16 weeks between March 26 and July 9, 2005 using a non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design by dividing 60 students in a half for both the experimental group and the control group. General characteristics, the effect of the education were evaluated with $x^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Bonferonni with SPSS 11.0/pc. Result: After the CPR education program application, knowledge score in the experimental group increased to 20.57 right after the education from 9.32, the score measured before the training, 19.11 after 8 weeks and 18.29 after 12 weeks. On the contrary, the control group's score showed no significant before the training. According to the result of knowledge score comparison between the experimental and control group at each point in time, the experimental group had a significantly high score in knowledge at every point(p<0.001). In the effect durability for knowledge of the training education program in process time after the training program in the experimental group, the durability of effect was identified despite the elapsing time. Scores of skills for Basic CPR increased from 1.21, the score measured before the training program, to 30.07 right after the education, 23.50 after 8 weeks and 17.57 after 12 weeks in experimental group. On the contrary, the control group showed an immaterial increase. According to the result of skill score comparison between the experimental and control group at each point in time, the experimental group had a significantly high score in skill at every point(p<0.001). The score for skill increased significantly right after the education compared to the score prior to the education. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Basic CPR training education program facilitate knowledge of CPR and skill of CPR in high school students. Therefore, it would be necessary to include the Basic CPR training program in high school education curriculum. However, the effect of Basic CPR knowledge maintains for a few period, and the effect of maintaining the skill is shorter than the maintenance of knowledge so regular reeducation is considered to be needed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2008

This paper is to research the current status of ADR in Korea, the qualifications of mediator (or conciliator) and arbitrator, the ADR education program of major foreign arbitration-related institutions and the efficient management device of ADR education program for the activation of the ADR system. In 2007, arbitration applications received at the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board numbered 320 and the amount involved those cases was US$ 216 millions. Mediation applications received at the KCAB numbered 552 and the amount involved those cases US$ 29millions. As of December 2007, the total numbers of arbitrators on the KCAB Panel of Arbitrators was 978. There are no provisions for the qualification of arbitrator in the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and Arbitration Act of Korea. The KCAB has the consolidation regulation of the Panel of Arbitrator of which purpose is to regulate the criteria and procedure regarding the drawing up and maintenance of the panel of arbitrators. The UK Chartered Institute of Arbitrators has the criteria and qualifications for membership of which three grades are associate, member and fellow. The American Arbitration Association has the qualification criteria for admittance to the AAA National Roster of Arbitrators and Mediators. The Japan Association of Arbitrators has the official authorization regulation for membership of which three grades are special associate, ordinary associate and fellow. The UK Chartered Institute of Arbitrators has the ADR education programs which are composed of the mediation courses and arbitration courses. The American arbitrators Association has the ADR education programs which are composed of in-person training and online training. The Japan Association of Arbitrators has the ADR education programs which are composed of the cultivation courses of conciliator and the practical training courses of arbitrator. The efficient management devices of ADR education program are as follows: the execution of official authorization system of arbitrator, the establishment of specialized division for training and official authorization, the establishment of ADR regular training courses, the publication of ADR training texts and obtaining of instructors, and the consolidation of regulations related to the official authorization of arbitrator and ADR training. In conclusion, for the activation of ADR system, the KCAB and Korean Association of Arbitrators should make further effort to provide the ADR regular education and training programs for potential and practicing conciliators and arbitrators.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

This research aims to present a methodological approach for repurposing small pockets of national/public lands, which can be constructed as parks, through an investigation of the present status of these areas of national/public lands that are scattered around Busan Megalopolis as well as the suitability of their construction. In order to attain this, this study looked at the present status of these small areas of national/public lands by utilizing a national land, city land list (lot number), land registration map and satellite image of Busan Megalopolis, and evaluating their suitability as parks through GIS analysis and classification. As a result, these small areas of lands with the potential to be turned into parks include 516 spots($375,934m^2$). Geographically, 39% of these areas are located on flat land and are the most scattered. 260 places met the requirements for optimal placement for conversion, while convenience included 305 places, and availability 267 places. The most optimal of the places meeting such standards include 61 spots. The characteristics of these areas of national/public lands include being below $500m^2$, with flatlands and open areas above a 5' grade occupy the highest ratio, accounting for 25.4% of the land studied. These results have offered a methodology for a GIS DB, which can visualize the data for a positive utilization be yond the simple level of the maintenance/preservation of national/public lands and provide basic data for the utilization and management of these types of areas in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.235-254
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing management case simulation (NMCS) framework based on the five components of nursing management process and to apply it to clinical nursing practice of nursing college students. The subjects of this study were NMCS reports submitted by the 4th grade 105 nursing students of an university. The research tool is a simulation framework for nursing management practice. It reflects the brainstorming and debriefing process used in the previous simulation exercise based on the five elements of planning, organization, human resource management, directing and control of the nursing management process respectively. As a result of the study, 32 nursing management cases were found to have 79.6% correct rate, 11.6% concept error rate, and 5.6% classification error rate in the first brainstorming and debriefing process for the five components of nursing management process. On the other hand, in the second brainstorming and debriefing process, 94.6% correct rate, 0.0% concept error rate, and 4.4% classification error rate. Based on these results, the NMCS framework developed in this study can be applied to the nursing management theory and practice course of nursing college students as well as simulation based job training and maintenance educations for clinical nurses. Therefore, we propose follow-up studies in various clinical nursing settings and a longitudinal cohort study to investigate the effect of nursing management job skills of nursing college students after graduation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the pattern of failure and survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma, we analyzed the two groups of patients who received curative resection only and who received postoperative radiochemotherapy retro-spectively. Materials and Methods : From June 1989 to December 1992, ninety nine patients with rectal cancer were treated by curative resection and staged as B2-3 or C. Group I(25) patients received curative resection only and group II(74) patients postoperative adjuvant therapy. Postoperative adiuvant group received radiation therapy (4500cGy/25fx to whole pelvis) with 5-FU (500mg/$m^2$, day 1-3 IV infusion) as radiosensitizer and maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU(400mg/$m^2$ for 5 days) and leucovorin (20mg/m^2$ for 5 days) for 6 cycles. Results : The patients in group I and group II were comparable in terms of age sex, performance status, but in group II $74{\%}$ of patients showed stage C compared with $56{\%}$ of group I. All patients were followed from 6 to 60 months with a median follow up of 29 months. Three year overall survival rates and disease free survival rates were $68\%,\;64\%$ respectively in group I and $64\%,\;61\%$, respectively in group II. There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. Local recurrences occurred in $28{\%}$ of group I, $21{\%}$ of group II (p>.05) and distant metastases occurred in $20{\%}$ of group I, $27{\%}$ of group II(p>.05). The prognostic value of several variables other than treatment modality was assessed. In multivariate analysis for prognostic factors stage and histologic grade showed statistically significant effect on local recurrences and lymphatic or vessel invasion on distant metastasis. Conclusion : This retrospective study showed no statistical difference between two groups on the pattern of failure and survival. But considering that group II had more advanced stage and poor prognostic factors than group I, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy improves the results for locally advanced rectal carcinoma as compared with curative surgery alone.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress and depression, as it is seen to be corresponding with the work characteristics of local government officials. Methods : The data of 671 local government officials who participated in this study from July to December 2015 as a part of an occupational stress management program, were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Likewise, the participants completed questionnaires, including a short form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) the results of which were evaluated and reviewed. Results : The study noted that the subscales of occupational stress related to depression were varied, according to the work characteristics of the participants, after adjusting for age and job grade. It was found that the participant's variables of job insecurity, lack of reward, organizational system and occupational climate were significantly related to the development of a depressed mood in the participant in a general sense. Notably, the factor of interpersonal conflict was significantly related to depressed mood among the general administrative group; meanwhile, lack of reward in the welfare group and insufficient job control in the technical group were significantly associated with the likelihood of developing a depressed mood in participants reviewed. In the operation and maintenance of facilities group, job insecurity was significantly related with depressed mood, whereas job demand was related more with the incidence of depression in the field work group. Conclusion : This study revealed that the influence of occupational stress on depression varied according to the occupational characteristics experienced by the participants in the work environment. These findings may be used to enhance the occupational stress management program for local government officials according to their work characteristics, to bring awareness to this issue.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.446-452
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• 2021

As a higher standard for food consumption is required, the consumption of chicken meat that can satisfy the subdivided food preferences is increasing. In March 2003, the quality criteria for chicken carcasses notified by the Livestock Quality Assessment Service suggested quality grades according to fecal contamination and the size and weight of blood and bruises. On the other hand, it is too difficult for human inspection to qualify mass products, which is key to maintaining consistency for grading thousands of chicken carcasses. This paper proposed the computer vision algorithm as a non-destructive inspection, which can identify chicken carcass parts according to the detailed standards. To inspect the chicken carcasses conveyed at high speed, the image calibration was involved in providing robustness to the side effect of external lighting interference. The separation between chicken and background was achieved by a series of image processing, such as binarization based on Expectation Maximization, Erosion, and Labeling. In terms of shape analysis of chicken carcasses, the features are presented to reveal geometric information. After applying the algorithm to 78 chicken carcass samples, the algorithm was effective in segmenting chicken carcass against a background and analyzing its geometric features.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.543-553
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• 2023

This study was conducted to propose a simple method to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of RC slab bridges, which have been most frequently constructed in Korea. A number of RC slab bridges have been considerably deteriorated associate with the long service year. However, since these bridges are not included in the 1st and 2nd class infrastructures due to their short span length, they have been relatively neglected compared to other bridge types in terms of safety management. In the previous theoretical study, a process (draft) was proposed for evaluating the damage of RC slab bridges using the relationship between the displacement response ratio and the stiffness reduction rate derived by the measured displacement and natural frequency. In this paper, to verify the validity of the proposed damage evaluation process (draft), the results to the actual bridges were compared with the safety grade and the Matsui's deterioration index. In addition, to enhance the practical applicability of the existing process (draft), an improved method approximately evaluating the load-carrying capacity using only the measured natural frequency was presented. If an error of 10% of the load-carrying capacity is allowed, it is judged that the proposed damage evaluation process can be appropriately used not only for evaluating the safety of RC slab bridges, but also for determining priorities for their maintenance.