• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.388-395
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deformation under static overloading by measuring yield and fracture strength, and to analyze the failure characteristics of implant assemblies made of different titanium grades and connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six groups of implant assemblies were fabricated according to ISO 14801 (n=10). These consisted of the combinations of 3 platform connections (external, internal, and morse tapered) and 2 materials (titanium grade 2 and titanium grade 4). Yield strength and fracture strength were evaluated with a computer-controlled Universal Testing Machine, and failed implant assemblies were classified and analyzed by optical microscopy. The data were analyzed using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with the level of significance at P=.05. RESULTS. The group $IT4_S$ had the significantly highest values and group IT2 the lowest, for both yield strength and fracture strength. Groups $IT4_N$ and ET4 had similar yield and fracture strengths despite having different connection designs. Group MT2 and group IT2 had significant differences in yield and fracture strength although they were made by the same material as titanium grade 2. The implant system of the similar fixture-abutment interfaces and the same materials showed the similar characteristics of deformation. CONCLUSION. A longer internal connection and titanium grade 4 of the implant system is advantageous for static overloading condition. However, it is not only the connection design that affects the stability. The strength of the titanium grade as material is also important since it affects the implant stability. When using the implant system made of titanium grade 2, a larger diameter fixture should be selected in order to provide enough strength to withstand overloading.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제32권12B호
• /
• pp.728-734
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서는 최소 구축비용의 물리적 다중 보안 등급 네트워크 설계를 위한 GOSST 휴리스틱 메커니즘을 제안한다. 다중 보안 등급 네트워크상에서 각 노드는 원하는 보안 등급으로 다른 노드와 통신할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 불법적인 물리적 접근을 통제할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 이러한 네트워크를 최소비용으로 구축하기 위해 GOSST 문제를 적용한다. 이 문제는 NP-Hard 영역이므로 현실적인 해를 얻기 위해서는 적절한 복잡도의 휴리스틱이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 최소 구축비용의 물리적 다중 보안 등급 네트워크의 설계를 위해, 우리의 이전 거리 직접 GOSST 휴리스틱을 변형한 GOSST 휴리스틱 메커니즘을 제안한다. 이것은 실험 비교 대상인 G-MST에 대하여 평균 29.5%의 구축비용 절감을 보였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
• /
• 제5권7호
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 비 정형 농산물 중 6년근 수삼의 자동 등급 분류하기 위한 선행연구로, 이를 위해 4방향에서 이미지 취득이 가능한 수삼 영상 측정기를 제작 하였으며 총 245 수삼 개체에 대해서 영상을 취득하였다. 취득된 영상의 각 수삼 개체마다 12개의 파라미터를 추출하였으며, KGC 인삼공사의 수삼등급 분류 기준과 각 등급별 평균 파라미터의 분포를 조사하여 최종 4개 파라미터를 선정하였다. 패턴인식 분류기는 Support Vector Machine을 사용하였으며 공용 소프트웨어인 OpenCV Library를 사용하여 k-Class 분류기를 설계하였다. 각 등급별 학습 데이터 수를 10, 15, 20으로 조정하여 등급별 인식률, 본인 거부율, 타인 인식율을 조사하였으며, 학습데이터 수가 10개일 때 1등급 인식률 94%, 2등급 인식률 98%, 3등급 인식률 90%로 가장 높은 인식 성능을 보였다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2019

Invasive alien plants were identified and recorded in Ulsan city based on field surveys and related literatures. These plants consisted of 147 taxa in total, belonging to 30 families, 93 genera, 144 species, 2 subspecies and 1 variant. The family of Asteraceae was predominant with 42 taxa, followed by Gramineae with 27 taxa and Leguminosae with 15 taxa. According to the result of life-form based distribution analysis revealed that 62 taxa (42.2%) were annual plants, 48 taxa (33.6%) were perennial plants, 34 taxa (23.1%) were biennial plants, and 3 taxa (2%) were woody perennials. Compare to other administrative districts in Korea, prevalence of invasive alien plants in a certain city of Ulsan showed the seventh highest species number followed after Jeju, Gyeonggi, Jeonnam, Incheon, Seoul and Gangwon. On the basis of the results from the country origin analysis, two dominating taxa were introduced from Europe and America, 55 taxa and 51 taxa respectively. The spreading grade of alien plants was elucidated in order of 1 grade (PS) 67 grade (21.1%)>2 grade (MS) 31 taxa (21.1%)>5 grade (WS) 18 taxa (11.6%)>3 grade (CS) 17 taxa (11.6%)>4 grade (SS) 14 taxa (9.5%). Ulsan city is one of a pivotal conduit for the introduction of invasive alien plants. Thereby, reliable management plans are required to monitor these species.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 1994

The authors studied therapeutic effects and related clinical data retrospectively on a series of 48 consecutive patients with head injury who were referred to physical therapy and occupational therapy, Kosin University Medical Center during 1 year, from March, 1993. through March, 1994. The conclusions were as follows : 1. Average age of the subject patients was 50.6 years, their age remped from 14 to 72 years, and the incidence between male and femele was 1:1.1. 2. In respect to the educational level high school graduates showed the highest incidence 18 (39.1 %) of 46 cases, and in respect to economy level, middle class revealed the highest incidence, 31(64.6 %) in 48 cases. 3. The HBP was the most common cause of spontaneity injury, disclosing 19 cases in 35 patients(54.3%), whereas the main cause of traumatic injury was a traffic accident, 7 cases ( 53.8 %) in 13 patients. 4. As for the region of injury in the cases of spontaneity ICH was 14 persons (40%). In the cases of trauma, hematoma was seen in 6 cases(42.2 %) in 48 total cases ICH was seen in 17 cases (35.4 %) to be the most common region. 5. Among 35 persons, spontaneity CBR was the highest region of injury, 13 cases(37.1 %) ; the side of paralysis in extremities the right side showed higher incidence, 18 cas (1.4 %) as compared to the left, 16 cases(45.7%). In the case of traumatic injury, CBR was the highest region of injury, 4(30.8% )in 13 cases and as for the paralysis side, right side showed higher incidence 7 cases(53.8%) as compared to the left side 5 cases(38.5%). 6. In respect to recurrence, HBP was seen in 5 cases to be the most common cause, and as for the region of injury, CBR was the highest. 7. A period of rehabilitation therapy in the cases of physical therapy the highest term was 1-2 month, 14 persons(29.2%). As for occupational therapy within 2 week-term was the highest, 24 persons(50%). 8. Physical strenth grade M.T in the cases of the upper extrimities before therapy, the low mark(grade 0) was 30 cases(62.5%), compared to the high mark(above grade 3)seen in 1 case(2.1%), And after therapy, the lowest mark(grade 0)was seen in 5 cases(10.4%) where as the high mark(above grade 3)was seen in 29 cases(60.4%). In the case of the lower extremities before therapy, the mark(below grade 1)was 37 cases(77.1 %), while the high mark(above grade 3)was seen n 4 cases(8.4%). And after therapy the low mark(below grade 1)was seen in 5 cases (10.4 %) and the high mark (above grade 3)was seen in 29 cases(60.4 %). 9. Before therapy conigtive function-level evaluation utilized R.L.A.L, the low mark(below level 3)was seen in 9 cases(18.8%), while the high mark(above level 7)was seen in 18 cases(37.5%). And after therapy the low mark (below level 3)was 4 cases(8.3%) and high mark(above level 7)was seen in 38 cases(79%). 10. After rehabilitation therapy, patients who were able to walk independently were 29 persons(60.4%), among which 16 cases(55.2%) depended on cane. The ratio between the cases who were able to walk and unable to walk was 1.5:1.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1983년도 제17차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.12.2-13
• /
• 1983

화학 독극물의 오염 및 음독으로 인한 부식성 식도염의 처치 및 치료법은 지금까지도 논란이 심한 부분이며 아직도 뚜렷한 치료법이 정립되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 그러나 1960년대 부터 소위 “적극적 진단 방법 (VDA)”으로 집약되는 조기 식도경술 혹은 응급 식도경술의 개념이 이 질환의 진단에 도입되면서 여러 치료방법의 선택에 선행하여 식도 부식의 유무 확진 및 부식 정도를 분류하는 중요성이 강조되어 왔다. [Kaplan(1961), Hanckel (1951), Davis(1956), Alford(1959), Daly(1968), Welsh(1978)] 조기 식도경 술의 장점은 \circled1 병변부위 및 화상 정도의 정확한 진단. \circled2 치료방법의 선택. \circled3 입원기간단축. \circled4 병의 예후판정 등을 들 수 있다. 이 질환에 관한 많은 연구자들은 실제로 조기 식도경술을 시행한 결과 약 25 %~45 %에서만 식도병변이 존재 하였을 뿐 많은 경우에서 병변이 없거나 경미한 예가 많았다는 보고들이 있어 [Waggonor (1958), Kaplan(1961), Yarington (1964), Hawkins(1980)] 이 질환의 치료방법의 선택은 조기 식도경술로 병변부위 를 확진하지 않고 치료하는 것이 얼마나 중대한 오류를 범하는지에 대한 좋은 설명이라 생각된다. 특히 식도협착의 예방을 위한 Steroid투여는 아직도 학자간에 찬반의 논란이 많고, 더욱 다량의 출혈 및 천공의 위험성의 증대가 예견되는 Steroid 치료는 적용 예가 아닌 경우에도 투여함으로서 불필요한 합병증의 위험만 초래하는 경우가 많았던 것으로 판단된다. 저자들은 1980년 1월 부터 1982년 12월 까지 원주기독병원에 입원하였던 부식성 식도염 환자 41명을 식도경 검사를 실시하여 식도ㆍ병변의 정도에 따라 분류하고 이에 대한 각각의 치료를 시도함으로서 몇가지 앞으로의 치료지침에 도움이 되는 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1) 성별 분포는 남자 16(39 %), 여자 25 (61%)이었으며 1 : 1.5의 빈도를 보였다. 2) 연령 분포는 20대와 30대에서 남녀 모두 25명으로 대부분을 차지하였다. 3) 부식제의 종류는 빙초산이 26명 (63.4 %)으로 대부분을 차지하였고 염산 7 (17.1 %) Lye 3 (0.7 %) 의 순이었다. 4) 음독후 12시간내에 식도경술을 받은 환자가 3명(0.7 %) 12-24시간에 받은 환자가 17명(41.5 %), 24 - 48시간에 받은 환자가 11명(26. 8%)으로 48시간 내에 시행받은 환자가 전체의 75.6%를 차지하였다. 5) 식도경 검사상 나타난 식도화상은 Grade I 11명 (26.8%) G.ade II 18(43.9%) Grade III 7명(17.1%) 이었으며 Grade II 인 경우가 18명(43.9%)로 가장 많았으며 Grade I 11명(26.8 %), Grade III 7명 (17.1 %) Normal 5명 (12.2 %) 순이었다. 6) 조기 식도경 검사에서 41명중 oral cavity burn이 없었던 경우가 15명(36. 1 %) 이었으며, oral cavity burn이 있었던 26명중 5명(19 .2 %)에서 Esophageal burn이 없었다 특히 Esophageal burn의 Grade II, III 25명 중 9명(29.6 %)에서 oral cavity burn이 없었다. 7) 식도 부식중 환자의 치료 원칙으로 Grade I, II, III에서 항생제 및 보존적 치료를 하였으며 Grade I에선 oral feeding을 시켰고 Steroid는 경우에 따라 투여하였으며 Grade III에선 원칙적으로 사용치 않았다. 식도조영술은 Grade I II III에서 3주 후에 모두 시행하였다. 8) 3주 후 식도조영술을 실시한 결과 Steroid를 투여한 27명중 5명(18.5 %)에서 식도염이 계속 존재하는 음영을 나타냈으며 Steroid를 투여하지 않은 9명은 1명 (11.1 %) 만 식도염의 음영이 보였다. 9) 3개월후 추적검사는 Steroid 투여군에서 4명 (14 .8 %), 비투여군에서 3명(33.3 %)의 식도 협착을 보여 Steroid 비투여군에서 다소 식도 협착의 빈도가 증가하는 양상을 나타내나 통계학적 의의는 없었다. 10) 평균 입원 기간은 식도경 검사에서 Normal로 나온 경우가 평균 4.2 일, Grade I은 13.8일, II는 25 6 일, III는 30.9일 이었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to assess elementary student's ability of measuring length, area, and volume and reading metric scales. The findings of this study were as follows. All students were successful in measuring without scale, regardless of grades. But they were less successful in measuring the task using standard and nonstandard scales. Especially, in measuring area, lower grade students were not able to perform the task using nonstandard instruments, but higher grade students were able to perform the task. Measuring area using grade paper was least successful for sixth graders. In measuring volume, students under fifth grade read the upper scale when using graduated cylinder. In measuring by direct comparison, students were more successful in measuring length than in measuring area and volume using given material. The use of given nonstandard material was successful for 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students. In measuring using metric scale, lower grade students did not pay attention to the zero of the scale, but just read the end point. Higher grade students considered both zero and end points.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.475-485
• /
• 2016

This study explored mothers' and grandmothers' perception regarding child rearing practices as overprotective behaviors for first to third grade levels of elementary school. The study was conducted on 202 mothers and grandmothers of first to third grade elementary school students. Questionnaires were made with 40 questions on overprotection behaviors selected from the existing questions for preschooler, high grade elementary students, and youth. The questionnaires were distributed to target subjects to answer how they would perceive when each of question is applied to their lower grade elementary students. Based on the collected responses and the factor analysis, it was found out that the overprotective behaviors were classified into four factors such as "reduction in independence," "over-sensitiveness to safety," "interference in daily life," and "health anxiety." There were significant differences in the perception of the overprotective behavior by the subjects depending on the generations, features of children and mothers. This study focused on the lower grade elementary school students who have been removed from studies due to the lack of intervention measures. It has the implication in that the findings of the study can give the basic data for the development of the scale on overprotective behaviors in lower grade elementary school students.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.478-482
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the difference of general feature and ginsenoside content of 6 years old ginseng root among different grade of roots. Total weight of a 1st grade-6 years old ginseng root was 115.1g and weight, length, diameter and specific gravity of main root were 64.68g, 8.39cm, 3.31cm and 0.96, respectively. Main root of 1st grade ginseng root was larger in size and specific gravity and more heavy than that of End or 3rd grade of the roots. Though crude saponin contents were not so different among the different grade of roots, but ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1 and Re content were higher in 1st grade of root than that of 2nd or 3rd grade of root. Those ginsenosides were located mainly in periderm and cortex.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
• /
• pp.569-577
• /
• 2000

The position of tobacco leaves is affluence to the quality. To evaluate its quality, sample leaves was collected according to the position of attachment. In Korea, the position was divided into four classes such as high, middle, low and inside positioned leaves. Until now, the grade of standard sample was determined by human expert from korea ginseng and tobacco company. Many research were done by the chemical and spectrum analysis using NIR and computer vision. The grade of tobacco leaves mainly classified into 5 grades according to the attached position and its chemical composition. In high and low positioned leaves shows a low level grade under grade 3. Generally, inside and medium positioned leaf has a high level grade. This is the basic research to develop a real time tobacco leaves grading system combined with portable NIR spectrum analysis system. However, this research just deals with position recognition and grading using the color machine vision. The RGB color information was converted to HSI image format and the sample was all investigated using the bundle of tobacco leaves. Quality grade and position recognition was performed through well known general error back propagation neural network. Finally, the relationship about attached leaf position and its grade was analyzed.