• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 1997

A computer vision system was built to automatically grade the leaf tobacco. A color image processing algorithm was developed to extract shape, color and texture features. An improved back propagation algorithm in an artificial neural network was applied to grade the Burley type dried leaf tobacco. The success rate of grading in three-grade classification(1, 3, 5) was higher than the rate of grading in six-grade classification(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, off), on the average success rate of both the twenty-five local pixel-set and the sixteen local pixel-set. And, the average grading success rate using both shape and color features was higher than the rate using shape, color and texture features. Thus, the texture feature obtained by the spatial gray level dependence method was found not to be important in grading leaf tobacco. Grading according to the shape, color and texture features obtained by machine vision system seemed to be inadequate for replacing manual grading of Burely type dried leaf tobacco.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2021

Super-selective renal artery embolization is an increasingly popular technique for the management of traumatic, low-grade renal trauma. When performed in distal arterial branches, this intervention enables tissue preservation and arrest of hemorrhage, but it may not be practical in cases of multifocal, high-grade renal injuries. In such cases, surgical nephrectomy remains the more common treatment modality to ensure hemodynamic control. We present the unique case of a patient who presented in hemorrhagic shock following a major trauma that resulted in a grade 5 renal injury treated with complete renal artery embolization using Gelfoam, resulting in hemodynamic stabilization. Interestingly, imaging 1 month after embolization revealed residual enhancement of the inferior pole of the kidney, suggesting reconstitution of flow and partial renal salvage. Ultimately, transcatheter "nephrectomy" with careful selection of a temporary embolic agent may serve as a safe and efficient alternative to surgical nephrectomy with the added possibility of preserving partial renal perfusion and function in the emergent setting.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate between low back pain scale and disability index owing to gait pattern. For the period of February 1 to February 29, 2004, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 100 persons lived in Daejeon. The result were as follows: 1. The stride length of experimental group, the male was $49.9{\pm}12.9cm$, the female $45.7{\pm}12.9cm$ and the width of feet. the male was $13.5{\pm}5.7cm$, the female $12.2{\pm}4.8cm$. 2. The Fick angle of all subjects was showed in external disposition, the left angle showed in asymmetry, the male was $11.0{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$, the female $8.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$. 3. The foot arch was similar to sex as a weight bearing and non-weight bearing, the male was $1.3{\pm}0.8cm$, the female $1.3{\pm}0.9cm$. 4. The impedimental index according to back pain grade, men was a lower than women, the male was $5.7{\pm}6.9$ and the female $7.2{\pm}5.3$. 5. The relation to difference between foot arch and disability index according to back pain grade as a weight bearing and non-weight bearing, the higher foot arch, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance(p<.05). 6. The relation between width of feet and disability index according to back pain grade, the wider width of feet, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance(p<.01). 7. The relation between stride length and disability index according to back pain grade, the wider stride length, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance (p<.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

Recently since urbanization has brought about a dried stream and a worse water quality, Anyang city discharged the third treated sewage into the upper stream of Anyancheon and Hakuicheon. As the result, Hakuicheon had the water level and velocity enough for a living thing in the water to live in but water quality was worse than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the second grade water-quality which living things in the water can live in, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.350 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;3.2 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. In Anyancheon the water level was increased a little higher than it had been but the velocity was almost unchanged in comparison with it before. On the other hand the water quality was a little better than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the third grade water-quality that people can do water-friendly activity, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.688 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;4.8 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. The water-quality prediction on the suggested eight scenarios was simulated in all satisfying the third grade water-quality.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.210-222
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effect of the sasang constitutional prescription with peeling and MTS on Acne patients. Methods : We treated 81 acne patients with sasang constitutional prescription with peeling and MTS. After treatments we compared the before and after photos, and estimated by Korean Acne Grading System. Results & Conclusions : 1. Patients were comprised of 59 females and 22 males. And there were 30 adolescent and 51 postadolescent acne patients. Out of 81 acne patients, there were many 41 postadolescent female acne patients. 2. Sasang constitutional distribution was comprised of 74 Soyangin, 5 Soeumin and 2 Taeeumin 3. Yangkyuksanhwa-tang(48.1%) and Yangdokbackho-tang(40.7%) were used much in 81 acne patients. 4. Before the treatment, 92.3% of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang group and 63.6% of Yangdokbackho-tang group had mild acne symptom and acne grade mean of Yangdokbackho-tang group was higher than another groups. 5. Peeling times mean of 81 acne patients was 2.54 times and MTS times mean was 4.57 times. Acne grade was improved when peeling times were higher. 6. Before the treatment, 81 acne patients were comprised of 81.5% mild symptom and 18.5% severe symptom patients and acne grade mean was 2.75. After the treatment. there were only mild symptom patients and acne grade mean was 1.04.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the propriety of the ready to wear garment sizes of Tween Generation(ages from 5th grade to 8th grade) who has different clothing preferences in color, styles, and design and also different body sizes and shapes from younger and older students. The objectives of the study were to ascertain (a) the body figure changes occurring during Tween Generation; (b) the coverage of manufactures'garment sizes. The body measurements of elementary school students(5th & 6th grades) and junior high school students(7th & 8th grades) provide the basic statistics for this study. The mean differences of each size within each figure type are compared by using t-teats. The differences in various manufacturers'apparel sizing and figure size are investigated. Also the body measurements and the apparel sizes of the manufacturers are compared in order to evaluate the suitability of the garment size. Results indicate that the body type factors are different in each age group. And manufactures'sizes come out to be much smaller than the actual body measurements. Young casual wear can cover junior high school students satisfactorily but for elementary school students, because of low drop-value, the overall satisfaction with filling is low.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

Background: Thoracoscopic R3 sympathicotomy can effectively treat palmar hyperhidrosis. Here, we evaluated post-operative outcomes of patients receiving a thoracoscopic R3 sympathicotomy due to palmar hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: From January 2001 to December 2006, 225 patients were treated with a R3 sympathicotomy, and follow up was completed for 200 patients, with an average follow up period of 51.7 ($11{\sim}80$) months. We measured postoperative hand sweating according to four grades; dry (grade 1), proper (grade 2), light sweating (grade 3), heavy sweating (grade 4) and evaluated patient satisfaction using 4 grades: very good (grade 0), good (grade1), regular (grade 2), and deficient (grade 3). Result: There were no differences in clinical parameters between the compensatory sweating group and the non-compensatory sweating group. There was a 83.5% compensatory sweating rate. The degree of compensatory sweating related to the patient's body mass index and was influenced by the season, environmental temperature, and emotional stress. Conclusion: The satisfaction rate was 61.5%, and the degree of satisfaction related to the development of compensatory sweating. Therefore, reducing compensatory sweating would increase patient satisfaction with R3 sympathicotomies.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1998

The present educational and social circumstances require the improvement of science education and the promotion of scientific technology simultaneously Under this situation, it is necessary to develop the performance assessment evaluating the ability of scientific inquiry. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument of the performance assessment that is can evaluate the scientific inquiring ability. The characteristics of the instrument developed through this study, are as follows, 1. The performance assessment can be impartially achieved for all the elements of scientific inquiry, which are required in the units of elementary science from 3rd to 6th grade of elementary school. 2. To maintain the objectivity of performance assessment, the detailed standpoints and standards are established. 3. The instruments are devised to evaluate the thinking skills with the experimental reports of student, the operation skills by the check list of evaluation that the teacher's observation for the student are recorded. 4. Considering the level of elementary school student, the items required the complex thinking and the investigative skills are exclude as much as possible. 5. The items are arranged according to the learning steps of elementary school, so that the evaluation may be achieved in parallel with the process of the real teaching -learning in class. 6. According to circumstances, make use of these materials for the evaluation as the practical teaching-learning materials instead of the normal teaching-learning materials The first field trial with the instrument was carried out, using a sample of 20 students from the 3rd to 6th at K and Y elementary school located in Kwangju city. The results of mean achievement quotient for each grade are as follows, the first term of 3rd grade (experiment and exercise skills ; 85%, inquiry thinking skills ; 74%), the second term of 3rd grade (experiment and exercise skills : 81%, inquiry thinking skills ; 76%), the first term of 4th grade (experiment and exercise skills ; 70%, inquiry thinking skills ; 59%), the second term of 4th grade (experiment and exercise skills ; 61%, inquiry thinking skills ; 71%), the first term of 5th grade (experiment and exercise skills ; 84%, inquiry thinking skills ; 67%), the second term of 5th grade (experiment and exercise skills; 73%, inquiry thinking skills ; 70%), the first term of 6th grade (experiment and exercise skills : 83%, inquiry thinking skills ; 84%), the second term of 6th grade (experiment and exercise skills ; 87%, inquiry thinking skills ; 81%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

This study review of Compositional Evaluation Items for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) in Korea. The ECVAM is composed of legal assessment and environmental/ecological assessment items. ECVAM basically adapts an overlay method for environmental/ecological assessment items. The objective of this study is to suggest supplementary items for the ECVAM with the following process : Overlapping rates of the assessment items in the ECVAM are calculated to understand the grade distribution of the environmental conservation value assessment and to analyze the overlapping rates among the assessment items, as a result it is found that various items are overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the ECVAM, Analyzed the overlapping degree among assessment items to be applied to this map. On the concrete we gripped results to be assessed by various items, which were overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the environmental conservation value assessment map of national land, we analyzed the overlapping degree on environmental/ecological items, and investigated the grade distribution by field survey. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by 5 kinds of method. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district, Method 2 is Comparing overlapping areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and Permission of each assessment items' duplication, Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items, Method 4 is Only Grade 1 areas of Method 2 and Method 5 is Only Grade 2 areas of Method 2. As results, Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities reveal a high proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Kangwon-Do, show a high proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability), forest diameter item was accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter and forest density was accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. From now on, this study will contribute to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the pliability in the process of managing and updating this map.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-84
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. Primary school health education in Korea has a systematic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects in primary school. In order to develop a proper school health curriculum, it is essential to assess what is currently being taught. In this study the current health education of the 6th grade primary curriculum was investigated to improve school health education. The purpose of this study is to identify the health education contents and time in textbooks of the 6th grade primary school curriculum. In this study, the textbooks & teacher's teaching manuals of the 6th grade curriculum were analyzed with a health instruction framework for Korean schools developed by the Korean Nurse Association & Korean School Health Education Association in 1993 and health care framework for health education curriculum presented by Kim in 1991. The results are as follows ; 1) Health education hours of the curriculum are 206 hours, about 34.3 hours a year. 2) The contents of health education were divided into nine subjects at primary schools. Organizing principles of learning experience(eg, integrity, sequence and continuity) were not considered sufficiently. The physical education & natural science subjects include a lot of health education contents. 3) The major content areas are community & environmental health areas and daily healthy life areas. 4) The major areas at each grade level are daily healthy concerns and safety & first-aid 5) The remarkable contrast to the 5th primary school curriculum are that environmental health is offered to the first grade step by step, and that drug use & abuse and mental health education are included in the 6th primary school curriculum. 6) The main contents of health education in 1st, 2nd. and 3rd grade curricula consist of treatment & recovery health functions. Those of the 4th grade curriculum consist of treatment & recovery health functions, and daily healthy life functions. Those of the 5th grade consist of growth & development functions. Those of the 6th grade consist of treatment & recovery health, growth & development functions. Most health care functions belong to physical health care. The results above suggest that we put together the divided contents of health education and manage them on the basis of systematic integration.