• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

This study intends to capture the characteristics of the students and farmers who participated in the March $1^{st}$ Movement, by focusing on their statements in the interrogatories retrieved from the Source Book on the History of the Korean Liberation Movements, published by the National Institute of Korean History. First, this study examines the interrogatories in order to identify the people subject to the investigation. Through this research, this study confirms that the majority of those who were investigated were students in Seoul and farmers in Gyeonggi-do. Then, this study traces why they participated in the March $1^{st}$ Movement. This study compiles their complaints and checked how their "discontent" could be connected to "liberation." While students were mostly interested in "education," and clearly expressed their discontent, the farmers were discontent with their livelihoods and tax under the rule of the Governor-general of Joseon and were not as clear at expressing their discontent. The interrogatories also confirms that some Koreans had no complaints but thought that liberation was needed. It is difficult to classify such people, but some people cried out for liberation without knowing the meaning of the term, only to understand its meaning later in prison. The significance of the March $1^{st}$ movement was at times imparted after the movement ex post facto.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.223-234
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• 2005

Objective : The objective of this study was to research depression with acupuncture & moxibustion treatment. Methods : We searched Chinese Medical Literature(published from 1985~2002) related to depression and acupuncture. Results : 1) PC6(內關), HT7(神門), ST36(足三里), GV20(百會), LR3(太衝), SP6(三陰交) are much used for the treatment depression. 2. LR3(太衝), CV17(전중), GB34(陽陵泉), ST40(豊隆), PC6(內關) are much used for the excess type of depression and PC6(內關), SP6(三陰交), HT7(神門), BL15(心兪) are much used for deficiency type of depression. 3. ST36(足三里), SP6(三稜交), HT7(神門), PC6(內關), HT5(通里), KI1(通泉) are used for the treatment depression in electroacupuncture therapy. BL15(心兪), BL20(脾兪),ST36(足三里) are used for the treatment depression in acupoint injection therapy. 4. In dermal needle therapy, it is used to tap slightly until the skin becomes congested in the region of Bladder meridian and nape, back of Governor Vessel. 5. It seems that psychotherapy, music therapy and light therapy will be applied for the treatment of depression. Conclusion : We expect that acupuncture treatment of depression will be applied practically in clinical medicine due to further study on depression with acupuncture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

As the industrial society is highly developing, human need in daily life has also changed drastically. With the introduction of 40 hour working week system, more households enjoy picnics on weekends. More gas accidents take place on Saturdays and on Sundays than any other days of week. In this context, the Institute of Gas Technology Training in Korea Gas Safety Corporation carries out explosion experiment to make trainees to take all possible measure to ensure safe management of gas in the field by fully recognizing the hazards of gas explosion accidents. In this study, the influence of explosion over-pressure caused by the rupture of butane can thrown away after use was calculated by using the Hopkinson's Scaling Law and the accident damage was estimated by applying the influence on the adjacent people into the Probit model. The value of those away from 50 meters from the explosion site was 1.35kPa and the peak overpressure to thoes away from 25 meters directly was 3.2kPa. Those value was input to the PROBIT model, the estimation showed the sante result 0 percent of damage possibility.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-163
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• 2009

Background : Stroke occurrences are prevalent and require intensive care for its treatment and rehabilitation. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of it. Objectives : To establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of stroke based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, and $ll$舍岩鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$, and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of stroke. Result : 1. In $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, various types of treatment can be found. Besides acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion with moxa tube, and bath therapy using Duchesneae Indicae Herba and Sal was applied. Needling in sublingual and vocal region, and also points like GB20, GB31, LI15, BL60, GV20, GV20, TE4, GB39, LU5, ST36, GB30 were frequently inserted. 2. In $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, moxibustion treatment were in top priority. Points like GV20, LI15, LI11, GB31, ST36, GB39, LI4, GB20 pertinent to Governor, Conception, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach meridian were most frequently needled. Selection of adjacent point was widely applied. 3. $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$ has some similarity compared to $ll$東醫寶鑑 Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$ in considering the moxa in top priority. But selected points far from the disease site. Main points were LI4, ST36, GB39, PC5, GV20, LI11, LR3, BL40, HT7. 4. $ll$校勘 舍岩道人鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$ having the same content orders with $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, it may had some influence from it. But the differences are also apparent. It emphasized in using mother-supplementing child-draining method, experiential prescriptions and visceral pattern identification. Conclusions : We could find various efficient methods through literature research of medical classics. This will not be limited in stroke alone but also will be applied in other diseases. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2018

This study is for species identification for each structure member such as Pillar, Bo, Changbang, Dori, Jangyeo, Judu, Donjaju, Chunyeo, Guitle, and Jongdae, of Pungnammun Gate (Treasure 308). Jeonju is the birthplace of Joseon Dynasty and Pungnammun Gate was the southern gate of old Jeonjueupseong which was walled town. Provincial Governor of Koryeo Dynasty, Yu Gyeong Choi built Jeonjubuseong and four gates at all cardinal points in 1388. And the gate was burnt down by Jeongyujaeran (war with Japan in 1597). It was rebuilt by King Yeongjo (Joseon Dynasty) in 1734 and renamed 'Pungnammun' after 34 years. It was designated for Treasure 308 for its unique style of architecture and historic values in 1963. In this study, all of wooden structure members were Pinus spp.. This result was matched for the result of major species for wooden building of late Joseon Dynasty. It can be used to complete database for architecture of Castle's Gate and help for restoration of cultural heritage in the future.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.145-190
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• 2015

The objective of this paper is to investigate translated individual words in J. S. Gale's "Choon Yang" in comparison with its original OkJoongHwa("獄中花") while referring to early modern bilingual dictionaries and missionaries' ethnography. Gale faced a lot of translation difficulties because the source text had a very different cultural system from the object text. OkJoongHwa was a Korean pansori novel which meant it included many Korean characteristics. However, Gale considered its Korean characteristics were deeply connected with Chinese classics. Even famous people and place names cited from the Chinese classics in OkJoongHwa represented the Korean thinking. Gale tried to faithfully translate the source text as much as possible whether the words were Chinese or Korean. In this paper, we deal with mostly various translation aspects of the Chinese-letter words in OkJoongHwa. Gale's first method to translate words made of Chinese Character is transliteration, the examples of which are the name of Chinese famous people and places, and Chinese poems. The second method is to parallel transliteration and English interpretation equivalent to the Chinese Character. The examples are the names of main characters like "Spring Fragrance or Choonyang," "Mongyong, or Dream-Dragon" and in his translation of word play in Osa (Commissioner), or Kamsa (Governor), kaiksa (a dead beggar). The third is literal translation of Chinese idiomatic phrases as Gale translated 侵魚落雁 into "She'd make the fishes to sink and the wild-geese to drop from the sky." The fourth is a little free translation of the title of public office, the various names of Korean yamen servants and the unique Korean clothing and ornaments. We expect Gale's many translation difficulties as we can see the translated long list of yamen clerks and Korean clothing and ornaments. After our investigation of his translation practices in "Choon Yang" we conclude that he tried to translate its literary language very faithfully though he could not avoid inevitable loss caused by the cultural difference involved in two languages. Gale's "Choon Yang" contributed to introducing the uniqueness of the classical Korean novel and Korean culture to the world more than any other English translation works of that time through his faithful translation.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-198
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Educational Reforms Policy in lately Japan and to evaluate it. Especially focus on the activities of the [MEXT; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology] and [CCE;The Central Council for Education] This article composed of five chapters; Implication and problem situation, History of the Japanese educational reforms, the characteristics in the site of process of educational reforms policy, evaluation on the main policies, and Conclusion(contain the suggestion for Korea). The method of study composed of the literature search and interview. The System Analysis[input-process-output-feedback] is used as a model of the analyze the characteristics of educational reforms policy. By the new Basic Act on Education, the principles of educational administration is changed. Education administration shall be carried out in a fair and proper manner through appropriate role sharing and cooperation between the national and local governments(Article 16). As a conclusion, The initiative in the establishment of educational reform plans has gone over to the cabinet side from MEXT. And evaluate the five policies. That is Japan's Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education, The new Basic Act on Education(enacted on 2006), Provincial Governor's (Tokyo & Oska) Educational Reform Plan, Reform plan of the Boards of Education, and Improvement Policy of the Quality of Teachers.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The representative landscapes in Jeju Island called as Ten sceneries of Yeongju originates with Ten sceneries of Tamra which were organized in the late seventeenth century by Jeju governor Lee Iktae. In order to compose ten representative sceneries in Jeju Island, he selected four strongholds such as Jocheon, Byeolbang, Seogwi and Myeongwol and six places of scenic beauty such as Seongsan, Baekrokdam, Yeonggok, Cheonjiyeon, Sanbang and Chwibyeongdam, and made a painting named as Ten sceneries of Tamra. Since the scenes of strongholds also exhibit a lot of geomorphic landscapes, the painting could be considered a collection of representative landforms in Jeju Island. The painting depicts several types of landform such as volcano, crater, river, waterfall, pool, wetland, cavern, tor and rocky coast. The volcanic edifice appears most frequently in the painting, reflecting the particular emotion of Jeju people on Mt. Halla and oreums. However, another volcanic landform, a lava tube, was not highly evaluated due to its negative images. Three famous waterfalls in Jeju Island were included in Ten sceneries of Tamra, and it suggests that they are essentially outstanding landforms, and besides, there are few sites related with fresh water in Jeju Island. The ten sceneries were entirely organized in spite of the limitation of selecting places at that time. The landscape images of Jeju Island, which had been shared as collective representation by Jeju people, were firstly externalized through Lee Iktae's painting, and have long been passed down and established a kind of scenic stereotype.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.44-61
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• 2011

This study consider the life and works of Hu ShunShen(胡舜申) who was the author of JiRiSinBub(地理新法) which the representative FengShui book in Choson dynasty. His adult name is RuJia(汝嘉). He was born in on September 6, 1091 at JiXi(績溪) in China as a son of Ho Xian(胡咸). He left his hometown with his family to avoid war and settled down in HuZhou(胡州). He took up an official post with his brother's YinPu(蔭補), and held several provincial official posts. After serving as vice governor(通判) of ShuZhou(舒州), he became supervisor of taoist temple(崇道觀) in TaiZhou(台州) and retired from office. After burying his father, he took an interest in fengShui(風水) and studied for a long time. People say that JiangXiDilixinfa(江西地理新法) is the well-known FengShui book written by him. When he was 74 years old, he suggested opening SheMen(蛇門) gate and XuMen(胥門) gate in SuZhou(蘇州) castle by "WoMenZhongGao(吳門忠告)". But it didn't come ture. He died March 9, 1177 at the age of 87 and was buried in HuZhou(胡州). His elder brother Hu Shunzhi(胡舜陟) and nephew HuZi(胡仔) is well-known. He had a son named Hu wei(胡偉) who served pacification commissioners of JiangXi(江西宣撫使). His Works were YiSiSiZhouLu(乙巳泗州錄), YiYouBiLuanLu(己酉避亂錄) as essay and YinYangBeiYong(陰陽備用), JiRiSinBub(地理新法), "WoMenZhongGao(吳門忠告)" as fengShui text.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.70-85
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• 2011

The study of the modern art market and distribution differs in its research focus from that of traditional art history, which traces and analyzes the works of master artists, their schools and influence, in that it attempts to approach such issues as art and society, and distribution and consumption of works of art, based on new research methods and perspectives. This paper examines the life and art collection activities of Park Yeong-cheol, considered to be one of the earliest major modern Korean art collectors. He graduated from the Japanese military academy and served as both a solider of the Greater Korean Empire and a high level officer of the Japanese army. After being discharged, he served as Governor of Gangwon-do and then Hamgyeongbuk-do, and after his retirement from public office, he became a leading businessman. He is well-known as a Japanese sympathizer who approved of and advocated for the aggressive colonial policies of the Japanese empire. As a cultural enthusiast and art collector, however, Park Yeong-cheol published the most accurate edition of Yeonamjip, and donated his collection to Geyongseong University at the end of his life, thus providing the foundation for the Seoul National University Museum. All of these activities are highly commendable. His interest in growing his collection of paintings and calligraphies was largely motivated by his love of paintings and Chinese poems,but it also appears to have been the result of his active collaboration with the Japanese government's policy of trying to discover the distinct, non-western characteristics of traditional Eastern art.