• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.801-810
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• 2015

The royal astronomical observatory compiled the Astronomical Almanac during the Joseon dynasty, though there were some changes of its organization. However, the observatory underwent sudden changes in the late period mainly due to the influence of historical events such as the Gabo (甲午) and The Eulmi (乙未) Reforms in 1894 and 1895, respectively, and the Japanese invasion in 1910. In this paper, we study the changes of the compilation institution of the Korean Astronomical Almanac and of its organization for the period of 1894 to 1912. During this period, the name of the observatory had been changed several times, from Gwansanggam (觀象監) to Gwansangguk (觀象局) in 1894 and to Gwansangso (觀象所) in 1895. In addition, the affair of the Astronomical Almanac compilation was transferred to the Editorial Bureau [編輯局] of the Ministry of Education [學部] and to the Editing Department [編輯課] of the Governor-General of Korea [朝鮮總督府]. In 1907, the Gwansangso was abolished. Moreover, the affair of timekeeping was separated and the official number of personnel was reduced to less than 5% compared to that of Gwansanggam. Consequently, the royal astronomical observatory was significantly reduced in terms of its functions and the organization through the process of those changes. Therefore, we believe that this period is important when seeking to understand the transition between the traditional Astronomical Almanac of the Joseon dynasty and its modern astronomical counterpart of the present day.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

The expansion work that is wasted through the irreversible expansion through the PC valve of decompression process of the natural gas governor station can be recovered by replacing the process by an isentropic expansion. The energy and exergy analyses for the two decompression process models of power producing and current decompression process model are presented. Analysis results showed that the exergy by gas supply is 56.29%, the exergy by producing power is 32.12 % in case of preheating system and 22.52% in case of non-preheating system. The dead exergy at the PCV is generated much more network. As these results, the usefulness of exergy analysis is verified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2008

This paper describes the overview of spectrum requirement estimation recommended in ITU-R Rec. M.1390 and [IMT.METH] and its difference for the IMT mobile service, and a (IMT.METH) methodology is applied to the spectrum estimation of the recent IMT service. The traffic model and traffic calculation algorithm is briefly described for the carried traffic which is determined in terms of the offered traffic, system rapacity, and the criteria of quality of service. And the spectrum requirement demand which is required from year 2010 to year 2015 is calculated as an example for the IMT service which is recently operated and deployed in the current Korean market after obtaining the reasonable market data and the ITU market prediction data.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1349-1357
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• 2003

This paper deals with verification of the theoretical model for dynamic behavior of Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) traveling through high pressure natural gas pipeline. The dynamic behavior of the PIG depends on the differential pressure across its body. This differential pressure is generated by injected gas flow behind the tail of the PIG and expelled gas flow in front of its nose. To analyze the dynamic behavior characteristics such as gas flow in pipeline, and the PIG position and velocity, not only the mathematical models are derived, but also the theoretical models must be certified by actual pigging experiment. But there is not any found results of research on the experimental certification for dynamic behavior of the PIG. The reason is why the fabrication of the PIG as well as, a field application are very difficult. In this research, the effectiveness of the introduced solution using the method of characteristics (MOC) was certified through field application. In-line inspection tool, 30" geometry PIG, was fabricated and actual pigging was carried out at the pipeline segment in Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) high pressure system, Incheon LT (LNG Terminal) -Namdong GS (Governor Station) line. Pigging is fulfilled successfully. Comparison of simulation results with experimental results show that the derived mathematical models and the proposed computational schemes are effective for predicting the position and velocity of the PIG with a given operational conditions of pipeline.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.212-221
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate acupuncture treatment of alopecia patients by researching literature and to standardize acupuncture treatment. Methods: We extracted the parts about acupuncture treatment of alopecia which are called 'Tal Bal(說髮), 'Ban Dok'(斑禿), 'Tal Mo'(脫毛), 'Bal Rak'(髮洛), 'Wonhyung Talmo'(圓形脫老) from 2 ancient and 49 modern oriental medicine literal sources. We surveyed the frequency and characteristics of the acupoints used for treatment of alopecia, and the acupoint was classified according to its meridian or demonstration. The results of this study were recorded as follows: 1. The most frequently used acupoints were GB20(風紙), GV20(百會), BL13(膈兪), SP6(三陰交), ST36(足三里), BL23(腎兪), SP10(血海), LI11(曲池), in that order. 2. The most frequently used meridians were the urinary bladder meridian (足太湯膀胱經), the Governor Vessel(督豚), the spleen meridian(足少陰脾經), and the gall bladder meridian(足少陰膽經), in that order 3. The most frequently used regions were the head, under the knee, and the back, in that order. 4. The most frequently used Jang organs and Bu organs were the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the gall bladder(擔), the lungs(肺), and the large intestines(大腸), in that order. 5. Common methods of differentiation of alopecia are Hyulyulsaengpung(血熱生風), Gichehyutea(氣滯血瘀), Gihyulyanghea(氣血兩瘀), and Gansinbugok(肝腎不足). Conclusions : For treatment of alopecia, all the patient's symptoms, including alopecia, must taken into consideration and demonstrated.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Park Tae Won is one of the physicians that participated in the treatment of King Injo in "承政院日記(Seungjeongwonilgi, official records of incidents during the Joseon Dynasty)". The purpose of this study is to look into the forms of actual medical treatment, social status and activities of the physicians at that time by organizing Park Tae Won's records as a physician and his other works. Park Tae Won was originally an acupuncturist for the royal medical department but he performed other activities such as actual diagnosis and drug prescriptions. More concretely it seems that he used methods mentioned in "鍼灸經驗方(Chimgugyungjeonbang)". Park Tae Won held concurrent positions as royal physician as well as provincial governor. It is suspected that physicians were named provincial governors of metropolitan areas so that they could be brought in immediately when in need and so that the capital centered medical service could be distributed to other provinces. We can also presume that the appointment of physicians as provincial governors was part of the government policy to efficiently distribute aid to the common people. From this study we can conclude that the physicians of that time did not commit solely to their jobs but also held important social positions that led the Joseon society.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 45 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of diarrhea. Result and Conclusion 1. The pathogenic factors of diarrhea are external sensation(外邪感受), jungjishiljo(情志失調), weakness of the spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), improper diet(飮食不節), sinyanghueson(腎陽虧損), sueumyujang(水飮留腸), liver Gi invades the sp1een(肝氣乘脾), uhhyuljeche(瘀血阻滯). 2. The etiological cause of diarrhea are closely related to the malfunction of the spleen & stomach(脾胃) and the related jang and bu(臟腑)'s pathological alternation such as spleen & stomach(脾胃), large intestine(大腸), small intestine(小腸), liver(肝), sp1een(脾), and kidney(腎). 3. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with the meridian system are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian system to the least, urinary bladder meridian(膀胱經), spleen meridian(脾經), stomach meridian(胃經), conception channel meridian(任脈經), liver mehdian(肝經), governor channel meridian(督脈經), large intestine meridian(大腸經), lung meridian(肺經), triple-warmer meridian(三焦經), gall bladder meridian(膽經), Pericardium meridian(心包經). 4. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of diarrhea with meridian point are in the following order from the most often mentioned meridian point to the least, Cheonchu(天樞) sixteen times, Sin-gwol(神厥) fifteen times, Joksamni(足三理), Gwanwon(關元) each twelve times, Daejangsu(大腸兪) eleven times, Taechung(太衝), Bisu(脾兪), Sojangsu(小腸兪) each ten times,Sinsu(腎兪) nine times, CC12(中脘) eight times, Samchosu(三焦兪), gokcheon(曲泉), Harweom(下廉) each seven times, Samgan(三間), Sameungyo(三陰交), Yisa(意舍), Jungnyo, Gyeungmun(京門) each six times, Gyeonggol(京骨), Jangmun(章門) each five times, Sangnyeom(上廉), Hapgok(合谷), Yangmun(梁門), Sanggu(商丘), Yanggang(陽綱), Hoeyang(會陽), Gihyeol(氣穴), Taegye(太谿), Gihae(氣海) each four times.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-76
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• 1999

In order to understand the local council members' attitudes to the health policy, we conducted mail surveys using self-administered questionaire for 2 months(February and March. 1995). The study subjects were 2.312 local council members in Korea, but only about 11% among whom. 257 persons, responded to 2 times mail survey. This response rate revealed that the local council members was not interested in health care fields. The main results were as follows; The respondents thought that the economic and income development was most important among 15 regional policy agendas and the health care was the 5th or 7th important agenda. They. who had more health needs of and poor access to health care, tended to think that the health care was more important. They considered lobbying to and persuading the civil servants as the best method to tackle the local health care policy agenda. The respondents, who had poor access to health care facilities. tended to set the highest priority for the expansion of public and private health care resources. They expected that the election of local governor would activate the public health program more than thought that the program was implemented more actively than other region. The main opinion of respondents was that the central government had to take over planning and financing for the public health program, and the basic local government had to implment the program and budgeting. The majority of respondents agreed the private dominant medical care delivery system and nation-wide uniformed financing mechanism. Over 60% of them suggested that they were ready to suffer environmental pollution inducing health hazards for the purpose of regional economic and income development. About 75% of them favour the campaign for antismoking regardless of reducing local government's revenue from sale tax.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Small business start-up competition in the market has become overheated. It is effected by early retirement and unemployment, specially youth employment. It is a research on small business owners' satisfaction of SEMAS(Small Enterprise and Market Service) based on the funding policy, education and consulting program. It has surveyed 272 small business owners living Gyeongsangnam-province from January 2013 to September 2015. In addition, it analyzes some factors such as motivation, business model, item, owner's experience, sales and demographic by small business owner. Analysis results, the satisfaction of small business that uses support system is shown to be significantly related with education degree, entrepreneur motivation, and business kind is partly related. It will conduct a decision-making governor to help small business owners entered the start-up market and.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2001

Objectives: Daechu (Dazhui: GV 14 (Governor Vessel))-point is located between the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and that of the 1st thoracic vertebra. GV 14 has been used to treat high fever, neck pain, common cold, headache and so on. Fever may badly affect the improvement of stroke patients, so we investigated whether wet-cupping at GV 14 had effects on fever. Methods: In this study, 100 stroke patients were studied from Nov. 1999 to Oct. 2000. They were divided into the Sample group (n=49) and Control group (n=5l). The Sample group (n=49) was divided into Sample-Severe (n=2l), Sample-Mild (n=12), and Sample-Normal groups (n=16) and the Control group (n=5l) was divided into Control-Severe (n=8) and Control-Mild (n=43). We checked body temperature 6 times (just before treatment, after 30 ruin., 60, 90, 120 (2 hrs.), and 240 ruin. (4 hrs.)) in the Sample group and 3 times (just before treatment, after 120 min. (2 hrs.), and 240 ruin. (4 hrs.)) in the Control group. Results: In comparison with fever between before treatment and after 2 and 4 hours in each group, fever in the Sample subgroups decreased significantly in all cases, fever in the Control subgroups didn't decrease significantly in most cases except fever after 4 hours in the Control-Mild group. In comparison with fever differences between the Sample and Control group, fever of the Sample group more significantly decreased than that of the Control group in all comparisons. In comparison with fever among sample subgroups, fever of the Sample-Severe group decreased more than that of the Sample-Mild group but it was not significant. Conclusions: This study suggested that wet-cupping at GV 14 has significant effects on fever in stroke patients. We hope that this treatment will be used more widely as an emergent treatment.