• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2013

Determination of PFOS in instant food packing materials by LC-MS/MS was developed. The procedure involves an extraction of the Food Packing Materials with 100% methanol soxcelet extraction method. The LC separation was performed by Hypersil Gold ($150mm{\times}2.1mm$ 5 um) with mobile phases of 2 mM amoniumacetate solution and acetonitrile. The Mass spectral acquisition was done in negative ESI/SRM using the TSQ Quantum Ultra. With this method, good linear relationship, sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained. The rate of recoveries of PFOS from paper material spiked with 1.0 ug/L were 99.84%, respectively. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection were below 0.03 ug/L and 0.009 ug/L. The method had been applied to determination of PFOS in instant food packing materials.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

A method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for neonicotinoid pesticide analysis in agricultural products. Four compounds (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid) were extracted with acetonitrile from agricultural products and cleaned up by NH₂ solid-phase extraction procedure, and eluted with 0.1% formic acid in methanol/dichloromethane (5/95, v/v). The limit of detection and quantification were 0.0001-0.0005 mg/kg and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries of neonicotinoid pesticide from agricultural products were in the range of 90.7-100.9% and 94.4-99.8%, as spiked at 0.2 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. This validation satisfied the national criteria for pesticide analytical methods. In summary, The present method is fast, precise and sensitive enough for the Positive List System (PLS), and we conclude that the method is also suitable for neonicotinoid pesticide determination in a wide range of agricultural products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.658-665
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• 2012

A survey of zearalenone contamination was conducted on cereal-based products by using an immunoaffinity column with LC-MS/MS. The calibration curve showed good lineality, with correlation coefficients ($R^2$) of 0.999 in the concentration range from 1 to 250 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were approximately $0.3{\mu}g/kg$ and $1.0{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The recoveries in the barley tea, Misutgaru and snack ranged from 73.6-107.8%. Zearalenone was detected in 10 samples (11.2% incidence). The highest zearalenone contamination level was $29.7{\mu}g/kg$ in the Misutgaru. This survey was conducted with uncertainty of measurement. The expanded uncertainty for zearalenone was estimated to be $44.9{\pm}5.0{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2, 95% confidence level) and $128.7{\pm}7.9{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2, 95% confidence level) for barley tea, $30.7{\pm}5.8{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2, 95% confidence level) and $173.7{\pm}14.9{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2.26, 95% confidence level) for Misutgaru, and $37.2{\pm}7.4{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2.31, 95% confidence level) and $151.0{\pm}10.4{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2, 95% confidence level) snack at the level of $41.7{\mu}g/kg$ and $166.7{\mu}g/kg$, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

In this study, the validity and applicability of the multipurpose fishway which has been constructed for the upstream migration of fish at Chuksan river in Uljin is assessed and analyzed by a commercial software. The upper slab types of fishway in this investigation are reinforced concrete slab (S1 type) and reinforced concrete slab with steel plate (S2 type). The three different sizes of subway passage ($0.8m{\times}0.1m$, $0.8m{\times}0.2m$, $0.8 m{\times}0.3m$) and velocities (0.6 m/s, 1.2 m/s, 1.8 m/s) of Chuksan fishway was investigated and compared for the Chuksan in government design code. The analysis showed that the maximum stress and bending moment of S1 type decreased 1~21 % and 12~27 % compared to the Chuksan in government design code, respectively. Also, the maximum stress of and bending moment of S2 type decreased 11~32 % and 27~39 %. From the numerical analysis, it was found that the S2 type was greatly effective and the subway passage size of $0.8m{\times}0.2m$ was most safe. This result can be utilized to be the basic data for design of the Multipurpose fishway.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 2011

This study was investigated to determine the contents of sulfur dioxide residues in medicinal herbs in Seoul Yang Nyoung Shi in 2010 (1,522 samples of 189 kinds). Samples were measured by modified Monier-Williams method. of the total samples, 618 samples (84 kinds) were domestic, and 904 samples (158 kinds) were imported. The content of sulfur dioxide in the domestics showed the range of 0.0 to 1,298.0 mg/kg (average 12.7 mg/kg), while those in imported samples were the range of 0.0 to 3,982.2 mg/kg (average 42.4 mg/kg). The average (mg/kg) amount of sulfur dioxide by parts in medicinal herbs was as follows; Tuber 122.3, Radix 69.3, Rhizoma 37.4, Cortex 33.3, Fructus 8.8, Ramulus 4.9, Semen 4.6, Folium 3.4, Flos 2.7, Perithecium 1.4. of the total samples (1,522), 52 samples (3.4%) were violated the KFDA regulatory guidance of sulfur dioxide. Among these 52 unsuitable samples, 16 samples (7 kinds) were domestic, and 36 samples (23 kinds) were imported. Approximately 88.1% of the total samples was less than 10 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide and 6.3% of the total samples showed more than 30 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.35-56
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• 2017

The government-affiliated organizations are required the autonomous record preservation and management, considering their management independence and specialty. In absence of general record management system for government-affiliated organizations, establishment of the standard; Functional requirements of systems with record management for government-affiliated organizations, etc. NAK/S 24:2014(v1.0) is meaningful because it can consensus the functional requirements and directions which are considered when organizations develop in-house record management systems. This study aims to analyze functional requirements and suggest procedures and strategies for application of the standard in the case of development of the record management system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

Use of ICT in Government has ability to improve service delivery to its citizens, and yet many developing countries have lagged behind in the implementation of e-Government. Many e-Government initiatives also failed to achieve their objectives in developing countries. This paper therefore aims to identify critical failure or success factors in Kenya, using Heeks' Factor Model. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were collected and analyzed from officials and interested citizens. The analysis results enabled to highlight seven specific success and failure factors, and their constituent elements in Kenya. The Kenyan overall e-Government implementation score belongs to the Zone of Improvement (3.52 of total 5.0), which means partial success or failure. The enablers of e-Government projects are good strategy formulation, and internal and external drive, whereas main failures of e-Government are weak ICT infrastructure. The areas for improvement are project management, design, competencies and funding. Data analysis highlights both strengths and weaknesses for each factor or variable. In particular, Kenyan government excels at the drive for change by top to bottom government officers as well as external stakeholders, while the government officers who are using e-Government are satisfied with the availability of vision, strategy and plan of e-Government implementation. Both technologies and e-transactions laws were the worst of all the variables in e-Government implementation. Two areas should be improved using immediate corrective action. In-depth study reveals that government officers and citizens can't fully use their laptop and mobile devices due to the lack of both ICT network and its operating technology, and legal system associated with the transaction of business information. Finally, the study ends up with recommendations for policy makers to shape the future of e-Government system in both developing and developed countries.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2011

The aim of study was to investigate polluted amounts 16 PAHs in railroad(waste railway ties) area, factory area and land-fill area. All of the samples were analyzed by GC-MSD(SIM mode), and the recovery range, detection limit and standard deviation obtained by this experiment were 73.88 ~ 94.75%, 0.009 ~ 2.252 ${\mu}g$/kg and 1.861 ~ 12.373, respectively. The concentrations of total PAHs(t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs(t-PAHcarc) in soils of three area were in the range of 12.54 ~ 3274.95 ${\mu}g$/kg on a wet weight basis with a mean value of 499.8 ${\mu}g$/kg and 0 ~122.77 ${\mu}g$/kg with a mean value of 20.16 ${\mu}g$/kg, respectively. The correlation between t-PAHs and t-PAHcarc appeared very high in railroad(waste railway ties) area ($R^2$ = 0.8301), factory area ($R^2$ = 0.9217) except land-fill area($R^2$ = 0.3782), indicated that t-PAHcarc concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a method of inserting cement in the femoral head before fixation with dynamic hip screw to prevent screw cut out due to osteoporosis and to evaluate its clinical outcome in these patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 patients aged 60 years and older with intertrochanteric fracture were included. Bone mineral density was measured. After reaming of the femoral head and neck with a triple reamer and polymethyl methacrylate, bone cement was introduced into the femoral head using a customized nozzle and a barrel fitted on a cement gun. A Richard screw was inserted and the plate was fixed over the femoral shaft. Patients were mobilized and clinical outcomes were rated using the Salvati and Wilson's scoring system. Results: More patients included in this study were between 66 and 70 years old than any other age group. The most common fracture according to the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification was type 31A2.2 (46.7%). The T-score was found to be $-2.506{\pm}0.22$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation); all patients were within the range of -2.0 to -2.8. The duration of radiological union was $13.67{\pm}1.77$ weeks. Salvati and Wilson's scoring at 12 months of follow up was $30.96{\pm}4.97$. The majority of patients were able to perform their normal routine activities; none experienced implant failure or screw cut out. Conclusion: Bone cement augmentation may effectively prevent osteoporosis-related hardware complications like screw cut out in elderly patients experiencing intertrochanteric fractures.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2015

To determine the contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) for restaurant dishes, 194 cases classified 26 kinds of restaurant dishes were collected from restaurants in Seoul and were analysed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy. Average contents of Na and K in Kimchi among restaurant dishes were highest as $554.9{\pm}155.5mg/100g$, $225.1{\pm}69.1mg/100g$, while average contents of Na and K were lowest in Seolleongtang as $24.2{\pm}5.8mg/100g$, $12.7{\pm}3.9mg/100g$ respectively. The contents between Na and K in restaurant dishes had a strong correlation of positive linear judging from 0.782 (p-value < 0.01) of the correlation coefficient. The Na/K ratio of Bulgogi was appropriate as $1.17{\pm}0.44$, while those of Udon, banquet noodles, Kalguksu were very high as shown more than 10. The contents of Na and K were examined 5 dish groups as Gook/Tang, Jjigae/Jeongol, stir-fried dish, noodle and Kimchi. Average contents of Na and K classified by dish groups were significantly difference (p-value < 0.001). Average content of Na among dish groups was highest in Kimchi as $554.9{\pm}155.5mg/100g$ followed by Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang, stir-fried dish and noodle. Similar to Na content, average content of K was highest in Kimchi as $225.1{\pm}69.1mg/100g$ followed by stir-fried dish, Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang and noodle. The ratio of Na/K by classified groups of dishes was shown as significantly difference (p-value < 0.001). Stir-fried dish was $1.18{\pm}0.44$ close to 1 followed by Kimchi, Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang, and noodle.