• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.393-410
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• 2012

Conventional geotechnical instrumentation techniques available for monitoring of slopes, especially soil-nailed slopes have limitations such as electromagnetic interference, low accuracy, poor longterm reliability and difficulty in mounting a series of strain sensors on a soil nail bar with a small-diameter. This paper presents a slope monitoring system based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. This monitoring system is designed to perform long-term monitoring of slope movements, strains along soil nails, and other slope reinforcement elements. All these FBG sensors are fabricated and calibrated in laboratory and a trial of this monitoring system has been successfully conducted on a roadside slope in Hong Kong. As part of the slope stability improvement works, soil nails and a toe support soldier-pile wall were constructed. During the slope works, more than 100 FBG sensors were installed on a soil nail, a soldier pile, and an in- place inclinometer. The paper presents the layout and arrangement of the instruments as well as the installation procedures adopted. Monitoring data have been collected since March 2008. This trial has demonstrated the great potential of the optical fibre monitoring system for long-term monitoring of slope performance. The advantages of the slope monitoring system and experience gained in the field implementation are also discussed in the paper.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the research is to assess the current state of cryptocurrency in Vietnam and to provide several solutions and recommendations to the Government, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) and other relevant agencies for monitoring, managing, and controlling cryptocurrency effectively and efficiently. Research design, data and methodology - The study is based on the assessment and analysis of cryptocurrency in the world and the real situation of cryptocurrency in Vietnam in order to provide solutions to the controllable development of operation of this currency. Results - The study indicates the current operations of cryptocurrency in Vietnam and provides several suggestions to effectively control this currency. Conclusion - According to the study on current cryptocurrency and the situation of cryptocurrency in Vietnam, the author has proposed a number of solutions to provide suggestions to manage and develop the operations of cryptocurrency in a most practical manner. The governments of many countries in the world, including the Government of Vietnam, need more time as well as appropriate technology improvements to take advantage of these new digital currencies; therefore, they still need to ensure safety in compliance with the control and regulatory capabilities of the central government and central banks.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.155-183
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• 2006

Recently, the anti-dumping actions of China are becoming aggressive, resulting in the speculation that Korea's trade surplus to China will be reduced. Anti-Dumping Actions by the Chinese Government are also becoming harsh. According to KOTRA, 18 anti-dumping actions were taken by the Chinese government against Korean products. The Chinese government has opened two additional cases of dumping investigations again Korean products 2005 as well. Therefore, Korea will likely face more trade restrictions in the form of anti-dumping in China Accordingly, the Accused party need to understand Anti-Dumping Act of China. The trade related authorities are monitoring on the China related information, and builds system barring Anti-Dumping Actions. Also, companies strongly export the differential products to the China.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2024

The elastic theory of beams is fundamental in engineering of design and structure. In this study, we construct Green's function for inhomogeneous fourth-order differential operators subjected to associated constraints that arises in dealing with dynamic problems in the Rayleigh beam. We obtain solutions for homogeneous and completely inhomogeneous beam problems using Green's function. This enables us to consider rotational influences in determining the eigenfrequency of beam vibrations. Additionally, we investigate the dynamic vibration model of inhomogeneous beams incorporating rotational effects. The eigenvalues of Rayleigh beams, including first-order correction terms, are also computed and displayed in tabular forms.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

Air quality issues in Korea rapidly changed at the beginning of the 1990s from primary to secondary pollutants starting in Seoul, the capital of Korea. The present frame of national air pollution monitoring networks was established between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. Background monitoring was initiated in the middle of the 1990s in response to increasing public concern about the long-range transport of air pollutants. Apart from the national monitoring, both routine and intensive measurements of fine particles have been made for research purposes since the middle of the 1990s at several background sites. However, air pollution monitoring in urban areas for other purposes was relatively scarce as national monitoring has been concentrated in these areas. Although ozone pollution has become a significant issue in major metropolitan areas every summer, only a little information on ozone precursors is available. During the past few years, the number of national monitoring stations has greatly increased. The government has a plan to gradually expand monitoring items as well as stations. It is anticipated that highly detailed information on both photochemical reactants and products will be available within the next several years. More emphasis will be placed on toxic substances based on risk assessment in monitoring for both research and policy making.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2018

Background: Analyses of the efficacy and safety of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in most countries have been based on outcomes obtained in accordance with national practice guidelines and monitoring protocols. The purpose of this study is to share our experience regarding the process for establishing guidelines and monitoring protocols for the use of TAVR in Korea, in the hopes that it may be helpful to others undergoing a similar process in their own country. Methods: The Korean guidelines for TAVR were established on June 1, 2015 in through a tri-party agreement involving the Department of Health and Welfare, the Korean Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and the Korean Society of Cardiology. We agreed to monitor the guidelines transparently and to exchange opinions regarding amendments or continuation of its contents after 3 years of monitoring. Results: The monitoring meetings were not held as regularly as agreed, and monitoring was also made difficult by insufficient and incomplete data. Nevertheless, during the meetings, measures to improve the monitoring process were discussed, and accordingly, an agreement was made to continue the monitoring process, with the aim of completing data collection by 2018. Conclusion: Compliance with guidelines is critical for assessing the efficacy and safety of TAVR. Moreover, the TAVR monitoring process must be properly conducted for an accurate evaluation to be made. Any country planning to introduce TAVR may encounter difficulties with regards to the optimal initiation strategy and subsequent monitoring. Nevertheless, continued efforts should be made to persuade the government and the corresponding medical societies to facilitate the optimal application of TAVR.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.651-659
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• 2009

There are a great number of man-made and natural slopes in many parts of the world including Hong Kong and Mainland China. For example, there are over 40,000 slopes in Hong Kong registered by the Hong Kong Government. Landslides due to slope failures can often cause catastrophes that involve the loss of both lives and important facilities. GPS has been demonstrated to have great potentials for use in monitoring slope stability and landslides. However, the high hardware cost of GPS has limited the wide spread use of GPS for such applications. The multi-antenna GPS technology initiated by the research group and our collaborators has significantly reduced the cost of GPS and provided a solution to a number of associated problems such as data management and power supply. This paper discusses practical applications of multi-antenna GPS technology in slope monitoring, including system design, setting up, data transmission and management, and data quality analysis and control. Some slope monitoring examples are given to illustrate the points discussed.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.270-284
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• 1994

Interim analyses of randomized trials enable investigators to make more efficient use of limited research resources and to satisfy ethical requirements that a regimen be discontinued as soon as it has been established to have an inferior efficacy/toxicity profile. Unfortunately. the integrity and credibility of these trials can be compromised if inappropriate procedures are used in monitoring interim data. 'In this paper we discuss how group sequential designs provide useful guidelines that enable one to satisfy the valid objectives of interim monitoring while avoiding undesirable consequences, and we consider how flexible one can be in the way such designs are implemented. We also provide motivation for the role of data-monitoring committees in preserving study integrity and credibility in either government- or industry-sponsored trials. In our view. these committees should have multidisciplinary representation and membership limited to individuals free of apparent significant conflict of interest, and ideally should be the only individuals to whom the data analysis center provides interim results on relative efficacy of treatment regimens. Finally. we discuss some important practical issues such as estimation following group sequential testing, anal ysis of secondary outcomes after using a group sequential design applied to a primary outcome, early stopping of negative trials. and the role of administrative analyses.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2003

The management methods of rooftop greening must be get ready without delay, Because rooftop greening has been generalized owing to the supporting project of The Seoul Metropolitan Government. Because most of the rooftop greening system is a recently-constructed low-management type, management methods should be made to suit it. This study is intended to set up a program for low-management rooftop greening based on "Choroktteul", the low management type of rooftop peening on the roof of one of the buildings in Seoul City Hall. Through monitoring, we found that most of the planted plants grew well but a few species needed physical management. We also found that invasive species(62 sp.) were 1.5 times as many as the planted plants. Most of the invasive plants were exotic species that need to be managed. The physical management methods were "pulling up" and "cutting". These methods should be carried out according to the growth stage. It was judged that a biological-ecological management program should be prepared through the long-period of monitoring and experiment. System methods such as guidelines of management program through monitoring was also required due to the emphasis on public ownership among the managers of the invasive species.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_1호
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• pp.927-939
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop a Web-GIS based monitoring module of smart city that can effectively respond, manage and improve situation in all stages of illegal dumping management on a city scale. First, five technologies were set for the core technical elements of the module configuration. Five core technical elements are as follows; video screening technology based on motion vector analysis, human behavior detection based on intelligent video analytics technology, mobile app for receiving civil complaints about illegal dumping, illegal dumping risk model and street cleanliness map, Web-GIS based situation monitoring technology. The development contents and results for each set of core technical elements were evaluated. Finally, a Web-GIS based 'illegal dumping monitoring module' was proposed. It is possible to collect and analyze city data at the local government level through operating the proposed module. Based on this, it is able to effectively detect illegal dumpers at relatively low cost and identify the tendency of illegal dumping by systematically managing habitual occurrence areas. In the future, it is expected to be developed in the form of an add-on module of the smart city integration platform operated by local governments to ensure interoperability and scalability.