• 제목/요약/키워드: Government Expenditures

검색결과 126건 처리시간 0.034초

우리나라 지방재정지출의 수렴 분석 (An Analysis on Convergence of Local Public Expenditures in Korea)

  • 김성태
    • 디지털융복합연구
    • /
    • 제12권7호
    • /
    • pp.65-76
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 논문은 우리나라의 1인당 지방재정지출이 1985-2011년 기간 동안 수렴하고 있는 지 여부를 광역자치단체 자료를 이용하여 검증하고 있다. Skidmore et al.(2004)의 구조적 모형을 이용하여 1인당 재정지출증가율 방정식을 추정한 결과 우리나라의 1인당 지방재정지출이 수렴하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다[23]. 더욱이 재정지출 증가율에 기여한 것은 노령인구 증가율이라는 것이 확인되었고, 5개 분야로 지방재정지출을 구분하여 수렴여부를 분석한 결과 기능별 재정지출의 유형에 따라 수렴속도가 다른 것으로 나타나 공공투자지출의 수렴속도가 공공소비지출의 수렴속도 보다 빠른 것으로 나타났으며, 경제개발비 지출의 수렴속도가 사회개발비 지출의 수렴속도보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 개별 지방공공재의 혼잡도를 고려한 지방공공서비스의 수렴에 대하여 분석하는 것이 중요한 것으로 보인다.

정부지출과 소비지출에 의한 소득주도성장 경로 분석 (Analysis of Income-led Growth Path Induced by Government and Consumption Expenditures)

  • 이현재
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
    • /
    • 제20권7호
    • /
    • pp.602-617
    • /
    • 2020
  • 자유시장 경제를 근간으로 한 이윤주도 성장전략의 대안으로 논의되고 있는 소득주도성장 전략은 정부 부문의 적극적인 개입이 필요하므로 정부지출의 효용성이 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 지난 수십 년 동안 분배체계에 의한 소득주도성장 정책을 수행해 온 북유럽과 남미 국가, 그리고 한국을 대상으로 정부지출과 소비지출의 경제적 관계를 규명하고, 이 결과를 바탕으로 소득주도성장 경로를 논의하였다. 지출 국민소득에 의한 구조방정식을 설정하고 일반화된 선형모형(GLMs)에 의해 추정한 실증분석 결과에 의하면, 북유럽 국가와 한국의 경우 정책적 효과가 크지는 않지만, 소득주도성장 정책으로 국민소득을 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 남미 국가는 소득주도성장 정책의 운용이 불안정할 뿐만 아니라 정책효과도 나타나지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 소득주도성장 정책을 수행하는 과정에서 저소비 계층보다는 중간소비 계층을 활용한 경로가 더욱 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 소득주도성장 정책은 지속 가능한 성장 전략이라기보다는 보완적 기능을 수행하는 정책으로 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

The Effect of Government Expenditure on Unemployment in India: A State Level Analysis

  • NEPRAM, Damodar;SINGH, Salam Prakash;JAMAN, Samsur
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • 제8권3호
    • /
    • pp.763-769
    • /
    • 2021
  • The relationship between government size and unemployment is an important topic of study in economics. Large public expenditure has been blamed for causing higher unemployment contrary to the belief that it would help in reducing unemployment. More research on the topic, however, needs to be done as the available literature has been based largely on data from developed countries. The present paper examines the existence of the relationship in states of India by using panel data analysis. For more comprehensive study, public expenditure is divided into development, non-development, and aggregate expenditures, while the types of unemployment under consideration are usual status and current weekly status. Indeed, it has been observed that development and non-development expenditures increase both the types of unemployment though the impact of the latter is higher. The findings are important as it implies that a cut in expenditure can be an important fiscal tool to fight unemployment. It was further observed that unemployment was higher among states with a more educated population, which also suggests a revisiting of the education policy in the country. States ruled by left parties have higher unemployment rate. Higher income states as well as states with higher growth rate tend to have lower unemployment rate.

소매금융 및 대형화 전략 도구로서의 정보기술과 은행의 경영성과 (Bank's Management Performance and IT as a Strategic Tool for Retail and Super-Banking)

  • 김창수;허영빈
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.39-58
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study examines whether expenditures in information technology (IT) are associated with increases in Tobin's q ratios, a measure of management performance, in the banking industry. The association between IT expenditures and Tobin's q ratios is different, depending upon the banks' size (national vs regional) and strategic orientation (wholesale vs retail), in the Korean commercial banks for the period studied 1990-1996, For national commercial banks which have more clients and electronic banking systems than regional banks, IT expenditures appear to increase Tobin's q ratios. This may indicate that IT is linked to the ability to achieve economies of scale or network effects when large banks use IT as a strategic tool. The association between IT expenditures and management performance measures is also positive and statistically significant for retail-oriented banks. This research makes two important practical contributions with respect to financial reform. First, the evidence suggested that Korean commercial banks need to apply IT strategy in conjunction with restructuring strategy to be a super-bank and, hence, reap substantial competitive advantage from IT applications. Second, since the government recently encouraged commercial banks to increase credit loans as a means of financial reform, most banks tend to focus on retail banking. IT used in the retail banking sector contributes to improve management performance as the evidence suggested.

  • PDF

The Effects of Economic Uncertainty on Multi-National Companies (MNCs) Investment in Malaysia

  • MARIADAS, Paul Anthony;MURTHY, Uma;SUBRAMANIAM, Muthaloo;SELVANATHAN, Mahiswaran;LUN, Ng Han
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • 제8권5호
    • /
    • pp.1-9
    • /
    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of economic uncertainty on MNC investment in Malaysia from 2009 to 2019 by employing an ARDL method. The results revealed that Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) has a positive association with the capital expenditures of Nestle, British American Tobacco, and Public Bank in the long run. In a similar period, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is positively significant with the capital expenditures of British America Tobacco and Heineken. However, inflation is negatively related to the capital expenditures of British America Tobacco and Heineken. Additionally, the exchange rate has a significant and negative relationship with the capital expenditures of Nestle and Petronas, while the ECT value is negative and significant in the short run, hence confirming that co-integration exists. In view of this, it is imperative that the government plays a prerogative role to support MNC operations, as MNCs foster the developing countries' economic development through facilitating full employment. This study sets to enhance the personal knowledge of those with a strong interest in the Malaysian financial market. As long as MNCs believe that the Malaysian market has the potential to grow, they will continue to invest for the benefit of the country.

동태적 패널접근을 활용한 지방 재정지출의 수질개선 효과분석 (A Dynamic Panel Approach to Examining the Effects of Local Fiscal Expenditures on Water Quality)

  • 강효녕;서동희
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
    • /
    • 제33권2호
    • /
    • pp.159-178
    • /
    • 2024
  • 본 연구는 동태적 접근 방식을 이용하여, 지방 재정지출이 수질개선에 미치는 직접효과와 간접효과를 추정한다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2018년까지 173개 시군구를 대상으로 패널자료를 구축하고, 2단계 동태패널모형을 추정한다. 실증분석 결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 수질 환경부문의 재정지출은 BOD 및 T-P 개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. BOD에 비해 T-P에 대한 직접효과가 더 크게 나타났으며, 장기적으로 그 효과가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수질개선을 위한 재정지출은 지역 소득에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 지역 소득과 BOD는 '역 U자형' 관계를 보였다. 수질 개선에 대한 재정지출의 평균적인 간접효과는 BOD에 대해서만 지역 경제성장 과정에서 수질을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, BOD의 경우 수질개선에 대한 지방 재정지출 효과는 간접효과보다 직접효과가 컸으나, T-P의 경우 간접효과는 유의하지 않고, 직접효과에 의해서만 총효과가 결정되었다. 즉 지방 재정지출이 지역 경제성장을 통해 수질을 악화시킬 수 있지만, 수질을 직접적으로 개선하는 효과가 장·단기에 더욱 크게 나타났다.

도시의 인구이동과 지방재정에 관한 연구 (An Analysis of Urban Migration and Local Government Finance)

  • 김헌민
    • 한국인구학
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-17
    • /
    • 1991
  • While various fiscal measures have been used to influence regional capital inflow or industrial location, the effect of fiscal variables on labor mobility has been little understood. Understanding the relationship between the composition of local public and urban migration would enhance the city govenment's ability to pursue an appropriate population policy. In order to examine the potential for local public finance to be utilized as a policy tool in directing urban population growth, this paper analyzes the impact of local government financial structure on urban migration. In examining the data on local government finance and the changes in population of Korean cities during the last ten years, it was found that cities with high per capita expenditure in regional development have experienced high population growth rates. In this study migration equations were constructed using various fiscal variables such as the proportion of special account expenditures which are mostly spent for local development purposes, per capita regional development expenditure, degree of local financial independence and per capita net fiscal benefit, along with other explanatory variables. The results of regression analysis showed that city government's regional development expenditure variables have a positive effect on urban net migration and a negative effect on outmigration. Fiscal independence and per capita net fiscal benefit had mixed effects on in and out migration variables, implying that local tax burden does not consistently deter inmigration or induce outmigration. Based on the results of this study some important policy implications can be found regarding local government's fiscal policies. Those cities seeking to attract higher population inflow should make a greater effort in appropriating local expenditures for regional development purposes such as infrastructure, housing, and transportation. city governments should not be too concerned about high local tax burden or necessarily seek to enhance financial independence for these factors do not exert a clear influence on urban population growth or labor supply.

  • PDF

Changes in Economic Status of Households Associated with Catastrophic Health Expenditures for Cancer in South Korea

  • Choi, Jae-Woo;Cho, Kyoung-Hee;Choi, Young;Han, Kyu-Tae;Kwon, Jeoung-A;Park, Eun-Cheol
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제15권6호
    • /
    • pp.2713-2717
    • /
    • 2014
  • Background: Cancer imposes significant economic challenges for individuals, families, and society. Households of cancer patients often experience income loss due to change in job status and/or excessive medical expenses. Thus, we examined whether changes in economic status for such households is affected by catastrophic health expenditures. Materials and Methods: We used the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) Panel $1^{st}-4^{th}$ (2008-2011 subjects) data and extracted records from 211 out of 5,332 households in the database for this study. To identify factors associated with catastrophic health expenditures and, in particular, to examine the relationship between change in economic status and catastrophic health expenditures, we conducted a generalized linear model analysis. Results: Among 211 households with cancer patients, 84 (39.8%) experienced catastrophic health expenditures, while 127 (40.2%) did not show evidence of catastrophic medical costs. If a change in economic status results from a change in job status for head of household (job loss), these households are more likely to incur catastrophic health expenditure than households who have not experienced a change in job status (odds ratios (ORs)=2.17, 2.63, respectively). A comparison between households with a newly-diagnosed patient versus households with patients having lived with cancer for one or two years, showed the longer patients had cancer, the more likely their households incurred catastrophic medical costs (OR=1.78, 1.36, respectively). Conclusions: Change in economic status of households in which the cancer patient was the head of household was associated with a greater likelihood that the household would incur catastrophic health costs. It is imperative that the Korean government connect health and labor policies in order to develop economic programs to assist households with cancer patients.

The Relationship Between Government Size, Economic Volatility, and Institutional Quality: Empirical Evidence from Open Economies

  • MUJAHID, Hira;ZAHUR, Hafsah;AHMAD, Syed Khalil;AYUBI, Sharique;IQBAL, Nishwa
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
    • /
    • 제9권5호
    • /
    • pp.19-27
    • /
    • 2022
  • The size of the government is one of the most fundamental debates of open economies. In any economy, government plays an important role, but a pertinent level of economic prosperity has never been obtained in history without government. Therefore, the objective of this paper investigates the association of government size, economic volatility, and institutional quality for 182 economies from the time period 1996-2016 is collected from the World Bank database. GE is defined as the General government's final consumption expenditure. Health expenditure is represented by HE. Government expenditure on education is denoted by EDUEXP. The economic volatility is measured by the rolling standard deviation of GDP per capita growth rate, Population growth, Trade openness, GINI represented Gini index which measures the degree to which the income distributed or consumption expenses among citizens deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The results proposed that economic volatility has a significant effect on government size and institutional qualities. Moreover, the paper extends the investigation by finding the link between economic volatility with government health and education expenditure separately. The policy implication drawn from this analysis is that controlling economic volatility may reduce the size of government and also significantly affect health and education expenditures.

기술개발지원 조세제도의 효과와 정책 시사점 (The Effectiveness of Tax Incentive Policy on R&D Expenditures)

  • 송종국
    • 기술혁신연구
    • /
    • 제5권1호
    • /
    • pp.181-205
    • /
    • 1997
  • There has been considerable controversy over the impacts of the tax credit on R&D expenditures in many countries. Korea has adopted various kinds of tax credit system to stimulate private firm' R&D expenditures. Korean government, Recently, is trying to reform tax system to reduce tax credit programmes according to Uruguay Round agreement and in line with OECD policy standards. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of current tax credit system on technology innovation in Korea and derive some policy implications over tax reform. In this paper, firstly, I investigate the size of tax reduction effects from each program in theoretical models and simulate the actual rate of individual tax incentive to a unit of R&D expenditure. I find that theoretically the reserve fund for technology development program has given the largest tax reduction effects to private firms irrespective of the R&D incentive system reform. Tax credit on R&D expenditure also has been very effective instrument to firm's tax reduction. Secondly, I try to measure the effectiveness of tax credit through the estimation of effective margianl tax rate between with the system and without the system of credit on R&D expenditure during the tax credit reform periods. I find that the tax credit on R&D has lowered firm's investment cost since the system introduced. I also have strong results that there has been a positive relation between the fluctuation of firm's R&D expenditure and the change of effective marginal tax rate. I suggest that it is better to sustain the system of tax credit on R&D for a while to increase firm's R&D expenditure.

  • PDF