• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.702-712
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• 2016

본 연구는 선진국과 한국의 정부회계제도 개혁 사례를 비교함으로써 한국에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 선진국과 한국의 정부회계제도 개혁은 제도 도입기, 제도 형성기, 제도 안정기의 순서로 분석하였다. 연구는 뉴질랜드, 미국, 영국, 한국의 정부회계개혁 사례에 대한 문헌조사 및 뉴질랜드, 미국, 영국, 한국의 재무부, 감사원, 정부회계기준위원회 등의 홈페이지에서 체계적으로 자료를 수집하여 수행하였다. 분석결과 선진국과 한국은 발생주의 회계제도 도입을 통하여 포괄적이고 객관적인 재정정보를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 선진국의 정부회계제도에 비하여 한국의 정부회계제도는 개혁이 더 필요하다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 통합재무제표 범위의 확대, 공공부문 회계기준의 일관성 확보, 정부회계 감사제도의 정비, 발생주의 예산제도의 활용 등에 대한 보완이 필요함을 제시하였다. 다만 정부회계는 기업회계와 차이가 있으므로 정부회계제도 개혁에 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2004

This paper aims to introduce budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery in Korea Especially, these not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery should design and maintain the original accounting systems because they have some objectives and activities of organizations different to for-profit organizations. Currently, while the accounting for not-for-profit units is difficult to understand, this case study of budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery as KSSIT may be great help to them by reflecting all administrative activities of these units and offering objectively and fairly financial position and phase or operating results. This paper concentrate primarily upon this subject about double-entry accounting system to be introduced in order to improve budgetary systems of not-for-profit organizations. These units are governmental organizations as public corporations and bodies corporate and politic. Therefore, not-for-profit organizations related to maritime and fishery should be applied to regulations of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board. GASB has the authority to establish standards of financial reporting for all units of government. With conclusion, this paper reviewed a case of double-entry system for budgetary accounting, and examined a process of financial reporting in not-for-profit organizations. Through this paper, the comprehensive understanding of budgetary accounting system for not-for-profit organizations as KSSIT would be promoted.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.215-242
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• 2014

본 연구는 사회기반 시설과 관련된 우리나라 국가회계기준을 살펴보고, 자산관리관점에서 회계정보가 활용되기 위해서는 어떠한 개선노력이 필요한지 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 우리나라보다 먼저 사회기반 시설에 대하여 자산관리를 도입한 미국, 호주, 뉴질랜드의 회계기준을 검토하고, 우리나라 지방자치단체 중에 하나인 A시의 사회기반 시설관련 회계정보에 대하여 살펴보았다. 우리나라는 사회기반 시설을 유형자산의 하나로 보고 있으며, 회계처리기준도 유사하다. 다만, 지속적인 유지 관리로 자산의 용역잠재력이 유지될 수 있는 경우에는 감가상각을 하지 않는 감가상각대체자산을 규정하고 있다. 이와 유사하게 미국은 수정접근법을, 호주와 뉴질랜드는 대체적인 감가상각방법을 도입하여 사회기반 시설의 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있는 회계처리기준을 적용하고 있다. 사회기반 시설은 노후화나 관리부실로 인한 위험이 사회적비용에 미치는 영향이 크기 때문에, 지속적이고 장기적인 자산관리접근법으로 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 이미 해외 여러 나라들이 사회기반시설에 대하여 예방적인 자산관리방법을 적용하고 있으며, 이에 대한 전문가들의 육성과 지원이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 우리나라는 발생주의 국가회계가 도입된 시기가 짧고 지방자치단체의 경우에는 지방회계처리지침에 준하여 회계처리하고 있어, 예방적 자산관리방법에 대한 재정비가 요구된다. 이는 자산관리의 토대가 되는 자산가치, 유지비, 관련 비용 등에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있게 한다. 더불어 해당자산의 용역잠재력의 소비행태를 잘 반영할 수 있는 대체적인 감가상각방법의 개발이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.688-697
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• 2014

우리나라 장기요양기관은 노인복지법 적용 기관과 미적용 기관이 혼재되어 사회복지법인재무회계규칙이나 장기요양보험법의 지침을 따르고 있다. 그러나 시설정보시스템의 이용이 불가능한 경우도 있고 자료 제출의 강제적 의무도 없어 장기요양기관의 재무상태와 경영실태와 관련된 신뢰성있는 회계정보는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 회계 관련 규정의 문제점과 개선방향을 알아보고 회계기준 정립을 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 장기요양기관의 실태를 반영하여 단기적으로는 복식부기기준의 회계기준과 단식부기 기준의 두 가지 회계기준이 필요할 뿐 만 아니라 적정한 재무보고를 위해 회계원칙에 부합하는 세 가지의 이익처분항목을 도입하였다. 마지막으로 충당부채 계정의 도입과 국고보조금, 감가상각비 등에 대한 회계 기준을 도입하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

Taxes are levied in almost every country, primarily to raise revenue for government expenditures. This study explores factors influencing tax compliance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Data from 376 SMEs, who are business taxpayers, were collected through a researcher-administered questionnaire survey method. The results indicate that six groups of factors have significant impacts on tax compliance among Vietnamese SMEs. These groups include: Business characteristics (BC), Characteristics of accounting practices within organization (AP), Awareness of tax obligations (TO), Tax policy (TP), View on tax compliance (TC), and Probability of tax examination on taxpayer compliance (TE). Multivariate analysis was adopted; Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated, then, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used. The findings show that, among these six factors, the most influential is Characteristics of accounting practices (AP). Thus, it is recommended that tax agencies should help SMEs improve their accounting skills and increase their knowledge by organizing training workshops and short courses on taxation. SMEs also need to have an adequate accounting system in accordance with principles and standards prescribed by the Tax Law. It is expected that this study can provide important insights and understandings to policy-makers, practitioners, academicians and other regulatory authorities in tax policy formulations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2021

The paper examines the influence of ownership type on environmental performance of Chinese listed enterprises. China's environmental problems are attributed to the collusion between enterprises and economy-oriented local governments, which has allowed many companies to skirt environmental regulations. Especially, local state-owned enterprises (SOEs) tend to have worse environmental performance than private firms, under the wing of local governments, with whom they have a closer political connection. According to the report of the Environmental Protection Agency, currently the unacceptably poor environmental performance of local SOEs has severely hampered the realization of green economy in China. After examining the dataset of 15,996 firm-year observations from 2,688 listed firms, this paper found that, in the presence of central government supervision and personnel intervention, listed local SOEs will be forced to improve their environmental performance in accordance with standards set by the central government, which leads to better environmental performance than that of listed private firms (private firms). The result of two-stage regression also supports the conclusion. This shows increased supervision and personnel intervention from the central government can significantly improve the environmental performance of local SOEs. The research in this paper expects to make a contribution to attaining the goal of green economy in China.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2023

The records system is believed to have started in Italy in the 14th century in line with trade developments in Europe. In 1491, Luca Pacioli, a mathematician, and an Italian Franciscan monk wrote the first book that described double-entry accounting processes. In many countries, including Korea, the government accounting standards used single-entry bookkeeping rather than double-entry bookkeeping that can be aggregated by account subject. The cash-based and single-entry bookkeeping used by the government in the past had limitations in providing clear information on financial status and establishing a performance-oriented financial management system. Accordingly, the National Accounting Act (promulgated in October 2007) stipulated the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping and accrual accounting systems in the government sector from January 1, 2009. Furthermore, the Korean government has also introduced International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the System of National Accounts (SNA). Since 2014, Korea owned five national accounts. In Korea, valuation began with the 1968 National Wealth Statistics Survey. The academic origins of the valuation of national wealth statistics which had been investigated by due diligence every 10 years since 1968 are based on the 'Engineering Valuation' of professor Marston in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University in the 1930s. This field has spread to economics, etc. In economics, it became the basis of capital stock estimation for positive economics such as econometrics. The valuation by the National Wealth Statistics Survey contributed greatly to converting the book value of accounting data into vintage data. And in 2000 National Statistical Office collected actual disposal data for the 1-digit asset class and obtained the ASL(average service life) by Iowa curve. Then, with the data on fixed capital formation centered on the National B/S Team of the Bank of Korea, the national wealth statistics were prepared by the Permanent Inventory Method(PIM). The asset classification was also classified into 59 types, including 2 types of residential buildings, 4 types of non-residential buildings, 14 types of structures, 9 types of transportation equipment, 28 types of machinery, and 2 types of intangible fixed assets. Tables of useful lives of tangible fixed assets published by the Korea Appraisal Board in 1999 and 2013 were made by the Iowa curve method. In Korea, the Iowa curve method has been adopted as a method of ASL estimation. There are three types of the Iowa curve method. The retirement rate method of the three types is the best because it is based on the collection and compilation of the data of all properties in service during a period of recent years, both properties retired and that are still in service. We hope the retirement rate method instead of the individual unit method is used in the estimation of ASL. Recently Korean government's accounting system has been developed. When revenue expenditure and capital expenditure were mixed in the past single-entry bookkeeping we would like to suggest that BOK and National Statistical Office have accumulated knowledge of a rational difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. In particular, it is important when it is estimated capital stock by PIM. Korea also needs an empirical study on economic depreciation like Hulten & Wykoff Catalog A of the US BEA.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2016

국가회계의 발전과 더불어 자산의 체계적인 관리 중요성이 강조되고 있으며, 건설 분야에서도 자산관리라는 개념을 도입하여 시설물을 관리해야 한다는 인식이 높아지고 있다. 이 연구는 자산관리 개념 도입을 위한 기초적 연구로서 유지관리비 회계처리를 명확하게 할 수 있는 공공건축물 유지관리 회계처리 실무지침(안)을 제안하였다. 기존 문헌과 현행 회계처리 기준을 조사하였으며, A광역시의 공공건축물을 대상으로 유지관리비 회계처리 실태를 조사하여 문제점을 도출하였다. 실무지침(안)에서는 청사 유지관리비 지출 유형과 내용을 분석하였으며, OPEX와 CAPEX로 처리해야할 항목을 제시하였다. 제시한 항목의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 전문가 면담을 실시하였다. A광역시의 공공건축물 유지관리 실적자료를 대상으로 실무지침(안)을 적용하여 자산가액 변동 상황을 파악하였으며, 자산 가치증가에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 실무지침(안)을 실무에 적용한다면 건물 자산 가치를 증대시키고, 일관된 재무정보를 제공하여 이해관계자들의 의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2021

Objectives: The question of whether the level of fees paid to working environment measurement agencies is appropriate has long been a matter of concern to the government. In addition, measurement institutions express dissatisfaction with their level of compensation, which has a great influence on the evaluation of a subject's policy. This study is intended to find a way to appropriately calculate working environment measurement fees. Methods: We looked at the principle of fee determination as a basic theory of fee calculation used in fee calculation, the legal and academic aspects of the general method of fee calculation, and government cost calculation standards. Furthermore, we reviewed the research methods applied so far to derive a method of calculating fees appropriate for this environment. Results: The working environment measurement environment is different from other commission calculation environments. The other environment is to appropriately calculate the service price provided by a monopoly public enterprise, while the situation is to appropriately calculate the fees provided by competitive private enterprises. Therefore, the service delivery environment and the delivery entity are different. In this case, the appropriate method of calculating service fees would be competitive pricing. There have also been many problems under the method of calculation by service cost. Conclusions: First, the working environment measurement fee requires an accounting correction of endogenous variables. Second, the theory of calculating fees appropriate for this situation is appropriate for competitive pricing that applies to private competitors. Third, the government should make efforts to make the service supply market a fully competitive market while ensuring that the service fee level is determined at the marginal cost level. Fourth, economically, research on marginal cost levels is needed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.973-979
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of tax planning on firm value of the non-financial firms listed in Vietnam, moderated by the state ownership. In this paper, effective tax rate is used to measure the tax planning; the state ownership is measured by the percentage of state equity holdings, and the firm value is measured by Tobin's Q. The data research is collected from audited financial statements and other statistical documents of 513 firms in the period of 2015-2019, provided by The FiinGroup (Vietnam). According to that, this paper uses quantitative research methods for the panel data. Regression analysis with GLS shows that the tax planning has a negative effect on firm value. In more detail, the association is not a variable in its direction when state ownership takes the role of a moderator. That means, in the perspective of principal-principal conflict, government should improve institutional environment to prevent firms form breaking the rules, especially accounting standards and principles. Assets allocation in tangible assets or making use of large size advantage should be taken into account. In the long run, firms should concentrate on the deployment of resources and the experience of knowledgeable practitioners to produce effective results.