• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2003

A cephalometric study was performed to reveal differences between skeletal Class III malocclusion patients and cleft lip and palate patients, The material for this study consisted of 16 males (mean age 19.8, range 17-29) and 9 females(mean age 19.4, range 16-27) with cleft lip and palate, and 222 Skeletal Class III malocclusion patients(males 106, females 116), Cephalometric tracing and measurements were done by one investigator. Results were followed: 1. Cleft lip and palate group had more retrusive maxilla than the skeletal Class III malocclusion group. 2, Cleft lip and palate group had smaller effective maxillary and mandibular length than skeletal Class III malocclusion group, and the difference was more prominent in the mandible than in the maxilla. 3. Dental compensation was not observed in the upper incisors of cleft lip and palate group and in the lower incisors it was smaller than skeletal Class III group. 4, In the Gonial angle and lower anterior facial height values, there was no significant difference between cleft lip and palate and skeletal Class III malocclusion group. These results can be used in orthodontic treatment planning and orthognathic surgery for the cleft lip and palate patients.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1984

This study was undertaker to observe the longitudinal change by orthodontic treatment for early Class III malocclusion in primary and mixed dentition. Cephalometric roentgenograms of 8 children with Class III malocclusion obtained during activator therapy were measured and compared with those obtained before activator therapy. The following results were observed. During treatment with activator; 1. The maxilla became retrueded in A,C,E, and K and protruded in F, G, H, and J. 2. The mandible became retruded in A,C,E, and F and F and protruded in H and J. No difference was observed in G and K. 3. Gonial angle became reduced in A,C,E,F, and K and increased in H. No difference was observed in G and J. 4. The steepness of mandibular plane became reduced in C,E,F,G,H, and J and increased in A. No difference was observed in K. 5. The inclination of upper incisor became more labially in A,C,E,G,H,J, and K. No difference was observed in F. 6. The inclination of lower incisor became more lingually in all cases.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1982

A cephalometric radiographic cross sectional comparative study was undertaken to investigate craniofacial growth in cleft lip and palate individuals. The material for this study consisted of 43 subjects with operated cleft lip and palate.(29 males, 14 females). The range of age was from 6 years to 12 years. The roentgenocephalometric values of cleft individuals were compared with values of normal individuals reported by Lee. The following conclusions were obtained; 1) The pattern of cranial base of the cleft subjects was almost the same as that previously reported for the normal individuals. 2) Anterio-posterior length of the mandible did not show any significant difference but in the cleft subjects, that of the males was larger than that of the females. 3) The maxilla of the cleft subjects was very retruded and showed very concave profile. 4) Gonial angle of the cleft subjects was very high, especially in the female clefts. 5) The height of ramus was very poor in the cleft subjects. 6) The facial length was almost the same, but the facial depth of the cleft subjects was smaller than that of the normal individuals. 7) Maxillary and mandibular incisors were severely retroclined. 8) The range of values in the cleft subjects was very variable and the female clefts showed more distured growth than the male clefts.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2011

Pyknodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the post natal onset of short limbs, short stature, and generalized hyperostosis along with acro-osteolysis with sclerosis of the terminal phalanges, a feature that is considered essentially pathognomonic. Other features include persistence of fontanelles, delayed closure of sutures, wormian bones, absence of frontal sinuses, and obtuse mandibular gonial angle with relative mandibular prognathism. We report a case of 17-year-old girl who presented with a chief complaint of retention of deciduous teeth. General physical examination demonstrated short stature, frontal and parietal bossing, depressed nasal bridge, beaked nose, hypoplastic midface, wrinkled skin over the finger tips, and nail abnormalities. Radiographs showed multiple impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth, hypoplastic paranasal sinuses with acro-osteolysis of terminal phalanges, and open fontanelles, and sutures along with wormian bones in the lambdoidal region.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the compatibility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized cephalograms with conventional cephalograms, and to find a method for obtaining normative values for three-dimensional (3D) assessments. Materials and Methods: The sample group consisted of 10 adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces. They were imaged using conventional and CBCT cephalograms. The CBCT cephalograms were synthesized from the CBCT data using OnDemand 3D software. Twenty-one angular and 12 linear measurements from each imaging modality were compared and analyzed using paired-t test. Results: The linear measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) except for the U1 to facial plane distance. The angular measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) with the exception of the gonial angle, ANB difference, and facial convexity. Conclusion: Two-dimensional cephalometric norms could be readily used for 3D quantitative assessment, if corrected for lateral cephalogram distortion.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

Bimaxillary transverse width discrepancies are commonly encountered among patients with dentofacial deformities. Skeletal discrepancies should be diagnosed and managed appropriately with possible surgical corrections. Transverse width deficiencies can present in varieties of combinations involving the maxilla and mandible. We observed that in a significant proportion of cases, the maxilla is normal, and the mandible showed deficiency in the transverse dimension after pre-surgical orthodontics. We designed novel osteotomy techniques to enhance mandibular transverse width correction, as well as simultaneous genioplasty. Chin repositioning along any plane is applicable concomitant with mandibular midline arch widening. When there is a requirement for larger widening, gonial angle reduction may be necessary. This technical note focuses on key points in management of patients with transversely deficient mandible and the factors affecting the outcome and stability. Further research on the maximum amount of stable widening will be conducted. We believe that developing evidence-based additional modifications to existing conventional surgical procedures can aid precise correction of complex dentofacial deformities.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1979

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion with that of normal occlusin in children, and to determine the incidence of various class III craniofacial skeletal patterns. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalograms of eighty two Korean children, forty one boys and forty one girls, aged 10 through 12 years, having class III malocclusion, and forty two Korean children, twenty boys and twenty two girls, with normal occlusion in the same age. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angular and linear measurements were recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed, and then the class III craniofacial skeletal morphology was divided into various patterns by the degree of SNA and SNB, which respectively were below, within or beyond the normal range of those of normal occlusion. The following characteristics of the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion were observed. 1. The cranial base length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and the small saddle angle was a characteristic figure of class III malocclucion. 2. Maxillary length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and point A was retropositioned relative to cranial base but not PNS in class III malocclusion. Maxillary base inclination was not significantly different between the two, but occlusal plane to palatal plane was small in class III malocciusion. 3. The mandibular body length shown no difference between the two, but the mandibular body positioned anteriorly relative to cranial base in class III malocclusion. Ramus height, gonial angle, and mandibular effective length were large in class III malocclusion. Mandibular plane angle and joint angle had no difference between the two, and occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle was large in class III malocclusion. 4. Maxillary incisor inclination was not significantly different between class III malocclusion and normal occlusion, but mandibular incisors positioned and inclined lingually and consequently interincisal angle was large in class III malocclusion. 5. Class III malocclusion was divided into six categories of craniofacial skeletal pattern. The most common class III pattern was found to be one in which the maxilla was within the normal range of prognathism while the mandible extended beyond this range. The pattern in which the maxilla was below the normal range of prognathism while the mandible was within this range was approximately one fifth of the class III sample.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.649-656
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 유치열기 부정교합의 진단자료로 사용할 수 있는 정상 계측치를 알아보는 것이다. 4세에서 6세 사이 유치열기 정상교합아동 32명의 측모두부방사선 계측사진 및 안모사진을 이용하여 악골 및 연조직의 전후방적, 수직적 관계를 분석하였다. 수평적인 골격성 계측항목 중 SNA는 $83^{\circ}$, SNB는 $78.72^{\circ}$, ANB는 $5.28^{\circ}$를 나타내어 하악골이 상악골에 비해 후방에 위치하고 있었으며 수직적인 골격성 계측항목 중 Gonial angle은 $127^{\circ}$를 나타내어 성인에 비하여 High angle pattern을 보였다 연조직 분석에서는 성인에 비해 convex한 soft tissue profile이 관찰되었다. 치성 계측항목 중 U1 to SN은 $91.04^{\circ}$, IMPA는 $86.57^{\circ}$를 나타내어 성인에 비해 retroclination된 상하악 유중절치가 관찰되었다. 정상교합아동의 골격성 분석에서 여자가 남자에 비하여 평균 나이가 많음에도 불구하고 linear measurement는 전제적으로 남자가 여자보다 큰 수치를 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권1호통권120호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

본 연구는 성장기 II급 부정교합자를 골격 형태에 따라 분류하여 액티베이터 사용 효과를 비교, 분석하고 그 결과를 진단, 치료 계획 수립 등 임상 과정에 연계시키기 위해 시행되었다. 실험은 수완부 방사선 사진상 Fishman 분류의 2, 3, 4 단계로 최대성장기 이전의 II급 부정교합자를 대상으로 하였다. 대조군은 ANB 3도 이상이며 악정형 장치 치료를 받지 않고 치열교정 치료만 받은 환자로 총 25명(남자 15명, 여자 10명)이고 실험군은 액티베이터 치료를 받은 환자로 총 116명(남자 53명, 여자 63명)이었다. Articular angle과 gonial angle을 이용하여 골격 형태를 hyperdivergent type과 hypodivergent type으로 분류하여 액티베이터 치료효과를 비교한 결과 hypodivergent한 골격 형태를 가진 환자에서 더 큰 효과를 보였다. 따라서 성장기 II급 부정교합자의 진단과 치료계획 수립 시 안모의 골격 형태 분류를 통해 액티베이터의 효과를 예측할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 반안면왜소증 환자의 하악골 신장술시 초기 치아골격 특성들 중에서 치료결과의 차이에 기여하는 인자를 찾는 것이다. 치료전의 치아골격 특성, 골신장술의 효과와 그 유지상태를 관찰하기 위하여 골신장술 직전(T0), 직후(T1), 추적 2년후(T2)에 측모와 정모 두부방사선 계측사진을 촬영하여 전후방, 수직치아, 비대칭 항목들을 계측하였다. T2 시기의 계측 결과에 따라서 환자들을 1군(양호군, 10명)과 2군(불량군, 9명)으로 분류하였다. 두 군에서 각 시기와 T0-T1, T1-T2 동안의 변화량의 차이를 Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed independent t-test, rank test, ANOVA test를 사용하여 분석하였다. pruzansky type이 골신 장술의 성공과 실패 여부와 관계가 깊게 나타났다. T0 시기에 2군은 1군에 비하여 하악골이 후방위치되었고, 하악지 고경(ramus height)이 짧았고, 하악각(gonial angle)이 컸으며, 이환측 하악지가 내측경사되었고, 이환측으로의 이부변위(chin point deviation)가 크게 나타났다. 1군에서 골신장술의 주요한 효과는 하악지 고경의 증가, 하악골의 전방위치, 하악각의 증가, articular angle의 감소에 따른 하약골의 반시계방향 회전, 이환측의 하악지 경사의 증가, 교합면경사와 이부변위의 개선으로 나타났다. 그러나 2군에서는 골신장술을 시행했을 때 1군에 비하여 하악골이 시계방향으로 회전되었고 하악지 고경의 증가량이 작게 나타났다. T2 시기에 2군에서는 하악골의 반시계방향 회전이 나타났고, 하악지 성장이 일어나지 않았으나, 1군은 반대의 경향을 보였다. 이러한 인자들이 골신장술 결과의 차이에 기여하는 것으로 생각된다.