• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal concrete evidence on how aesthetic preference is applied in product design by countries. Since the 19th century, the proportion has been examined various times, and the conclusions consistently showed the strong preference for the golden ratio (1:1.618). However, previous studies are mainly focused on western products that were designed by western designers, so when the same experiment conducted for the first time in Asia with the question of 'Is the Asian subjects also likes the golden ratio?', the result clearly revealed that Korean subjects have a significant preference for the root ratio (1:1.414) and perfect square (1:1). It demonstrates that proportion preference might be different by countries, and it also influences on everyday products. Moreover, there is not enough evidence of Asian product proportions. For this reason, this study will strive to expand the knowledge on Asian aesthetic preference by focusing on Japanese automobiles that were designed and produced in Japan. 55 iconic Japanese automobiles were analyzed for proportion and compared with 50 iconic German automobiles. The result shows that Japanese automobiles have a shorter length of 7:10 (1:1.414) ratio than German automobiles with 13:23 (1:1.769) ratio. This result proves that there is the difference in preference for the proportion of Japan and Germany, and it has already influenced on automobile proportions. This result has a strong value that finding the most appropriate proportion of automotive design is a major issue in new product development, so this can be adapted to various fields of the design process where strong cultural value exists.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

In order to develop an efficient feed for successful growth of Golden frog, Rana plancyi chosenica, larvae, we compared and analyzed the growth of the frog larvae, supplying four different food types. The growth of Golden frog larvae fed a vegetable food of spirogyra and cabbages and a mixture of vegetable and animal foods, TetraMin, a commercial fish food, or eel feed, was faster than that of the larvae fed only organic matters and vegetables collected from natural habitats. Among artificial food types, the mixture of vegetable and animal foods was more efficient for larval growth than the vegetable food. For the successful metamorphosis, the mixture of vegetable food and Tetramin was the most efficient food, comparing other types of food. These results suggest that a mixture of vegetable and animal food mixed in an appropriate proportion would be the most efficient artificial feed for the successful growth and metamorphosis of Golden frog larvae.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

This thesis aims at understanding Le Corbusier's architecture through study of proportion. Based on the analysis of these texts, four elements - geometry in the outline, diagonal regulation lines in the facade, arithmetic rhythm in the structure, composition in the inner space - were listed. Through these four proportional systems. ten houses of 1920's, designed by Le Corbusier were analysed. The Le Corbusier's proportional system can be classified by two different purposes ; aesthetics and utility standardization for the mass production was reflected. In the later period, the proportion system of 1920's has changed through the process of self-contradiction. But the concept of the golden section and the human scale was reflected on Modulor, which Le Corbusier created in 1940's. Therefore, Le Corbuiser's notion of proportion for harmony of architecture has consistent meaning throughout all of his works from the 1920's.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2003

In this paper, we consider relationship between the mathematics and the fine arts. The former is one of the advanced sciences, the latter is one of the arts. But there is correlation between the mathematics and the arts. Here, we concern with the ancient greek mathematics, Euclidean geometry and the ancient greek arts. The ancient greek arts is classified with Geometric Style, Archaic Style, Classical Style and Hellenistic Style. The Geometric Style, Classical Style and Hellenistic Style are very effected by Euclidean geometry. Because the greek artists as keep the geometric proportion as the Euclidean's 5th postulates. The artist's cannon in just golden ratio 1:(1＋$\sqrt{5}$)/2.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to grasp how B la Bartok's 'Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta' was expressed in 'Stretto House' of Steven Holl. In conclusion, it is found that phenonenological temporality was expressed through the following equation: (equation omitted). More specifically, it is clarified that the stretto of the musical piece was expressed in the spatial overlapping of the house; the inversion, in the form change of the plan and section of the guest house; the symmetrical proportion and Golden Section, in the same proportion of the house section; the melody of theme, in the shape of the roof. This shows the possibility of approach to the substance of interior and architectural design through music.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1586-1593
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• 2020

This study was conducted on the face ratio of mammals. It can also be applied to character automation by checking factors about the difference between animal and human face shapes. This paper used the face and face area data generated for Deep Learning learning. In detail, the proportion factors of the area comprising the faces of 20 species of animals and humans were defined and the average ratio was calculated. Next, the proportion of each animal was analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Through this, we would like to propose the golden ratio of mammals.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 2020

The proper administration of melatonin has well been documented to induce testicular regression in seasonal breeding animals. The subcutaneous injections of melatonin in the afternoon, not in the morning, consistently occurred testicular involution in the male Syrian (golden) hamsters whose reproductive activity is regulated by the photoperiod. But the effects of daily melatonin via gavage have not been estimated. Golden hamsters housed in long photoperiod (LP) were divided into 5 groups: the control animals housed in LP or in short photoperiod (SP) and animals treated daily with low (15 ㎍), middle (150 ㎍), and high dosages (1,500 ㎍) of pure melatonin by using gavage in the evening for 8 weeks. As results, LP control animals had large testes and SP controls displayed small and entirely regressed testes. The animals treated with various dosages of melatonin showed collectively degenerating effects on the weights of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles in the middle and high dosage groups, with the individual differences as well. The high dosages induced testicular regression in more proportion than the middle dosages did. The low dosage had large testes like the LP control animals. The small and inactive testes shown in some animals of both middle and high groups presented the complete regression as those of the animals maintained in SP. These results strongly suggest that the administrations of melatonin lead to testicular involution in the male golden hamsters when it is administered through gavage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.1 s.25
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• pp.165-173
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate what proportion is the characteristics in Korean dental arches with normal occlusion. Many others have already indicated Golden proportion in normal dental arches, but have not considered any racial and sociocultural differences. So the author postulated $(\sqrt{2})^n$ relations in Koreans. The materials were consisted of 134 dental casts with normal occlusion, which have never undergone orthodontic and prosthodontic procedures. Measurements were made on the arch dimensions using sliding caliper and data were computerized. The findings were as follows: 1. The width between the distal surfaces of the upper centrals, had $(\sqrt{2})^3$ relation with the width between the buccal surfaces of the upper 1 st premolars in Koreans. 2. The width between the distal surfaces of the lower laterals had $(\sqrt{2})$ relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the lower canines, and had $(\sqrt{2})^2$ relation with the distal surfaces of the upper centrals. 3. The width between the distal surfaces of the lower centrals had $(\sqrt{2})^2$ relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the lower laterals, and had $(\sqrt{2})^3$ relation with the width between the distal surfaces of the upper centrals.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.3 s.13
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• pp.145-154
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• 1997

Le Corbusier had developed the Modulor replacing the Regulating Lines in the 1930's and 1940's. The lines can not produce lyrical ideas or creational concept but make plastic dimension pure only to keep in balance. First, the Grid of Proportions was developed and then the Modulor 1. The Modulor originated in one square, double square, the two golden means added or subtracted, the place of the right angle, human dimension, the Fibonacci series and divided Red series and Blue series. He developed the Modulor 2 for a reconciliation between the foot-and-inch system and the metre. As Corbusier devoted himself to a social and industrial problem, he was sure that a transcendental universality be in cosmos including a human being. His dream was to creat a orderly and harmonious utopia. What intrinsic harmony between Cosmos, nature and a human being be realized by mathematic order was the reason he hinted himself to the proportion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

The overall trend of the contemporary society which is characterized by the variety and de-unification shows many that object to the language system of the structuralism. The typical characteristics of deconstruction in contemporary architecture and products are deconstruction of meanings, deconstructuralism of he form by the use of material, new material, deconstruction of metaphor and way of expression, deconstruction of proportion and deconstruction of ideas. The design elements of the deconstruction are re-defying the function, changing shapes, the structures, metaphors, dening of the golden proportions and the emphasizing the kitsch elements. From the various style, the kitsch style is a phenomenon that comes from the way of representing emotion, inspiration, understanding of the popularity, and the authority of consumers for choice.