• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

The karyotypes of three species of Gobiobotia in Korea were investigated: G. macrocephala, G. brevibarba, and G. nakdongensis. In these species, the mitotic chromosomes from 25 groups with two chromosomes each indicated that it is a diploid. The karyotypes of Gobiobotia macrocephala are 2n = 50 (9M+7SM+9ST) with NF = 100, G. brevibarba 2n = 50 (10M+7SM+4ST+4T) with NF = 92, and G. nakdongensis 2n = 50 (5M+9SM+9ST+2T) with NF = 96. Chromosome sizes ranged from 3.3 to $7.5{\mu}m$, 2.7 to $6.3{\mu}m$ and 3.5 to $7.3{\mu}m$ in length, respectively. This is the first report on the chromosomes of G. macrocephala and G. nakdongensis.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.278-287
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• 2011

Habitat environment, age and feeding ecology of Gobiobotia macrocephala were investigated to provide baseline data for ecological characteristics and recovery in the Seom River at Heungho- ri, Buron-myeon, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea from 2010 to 2011. G. macrocephala inhabited 10~40 cm in water depth, 8~20 cm bottom size and 40~120 cm/sec in current velocity, and pebble floor were factors to be important for inhabit density. Age group of G. macrocephala in May estimated from the standard length indicated that the 28~42 mm group is 1 year old, the 43~58 mm group is 2 years old, the 59~69 mm group is 3 years old and the 69~85 mm group is more than 4 years old, and the female was 4~10 mm larger than the male. G. macrocephala did mainly feeding with nocturnal fishes between 00 h to 06 h, and they fed mainly Trichoptera (57.7%), Diptera (26.0%) and Ephemeroptera (16.3%). And their small juvenile fed mainly Ephemeroptera and Diptera, however, they ate mainly Trichoptera while growing to adult fish.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2011

The fish community structure and inhabiting status of the endangered species Gobiobotia macrocephala and G. brevibarba were investigated at 10 stations in the Seom River, Korea from spring to autumn in 2010. During the survey, 37 species belonging to 10 families were found as inhabitants. A dominant species was Zacco platypus (36.2%), subdominant species were G. macrocephala (13.2%) and G. brevibarba (12.2%), and predominant species were Coreoleuciscus splendidus (8.1%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (4.9%). In addition, 18 species were endemic species to Korea; G. brevibarba and G. macrocephala were endangered species. The similarity index based on species composition and numbers clearly separated fish communities in the Seom River according to main sections, i.e., upper section (St. 1~3), middle section (St. 4~6) and lower section (St. 7~10). Dominance index gradually decreased toward the lower section, while diversity and species richness index gradually increased toward the downstream section. G. macrocephala resided in a fast-running downstream riffle with pebble and cobble substratum, while G. brevibarba inhabited the entire riffle with cobble substratum.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

Population sizes of an endangered species, Gobiobotia macrocephala (Cyprinidae, Gobioninae) were investigated in the Seom River, a tributary of the Han River drainage system, in Wonju-si, Gandgwon-do, Korea from September to October 2010. G. macrocephala occurred at 14 stations surveyed in this study and inhabited around the downstream riffles with pebble and coble bottoms. Its population sizes were estimated to be $8,295{\pm}4,922$ and $39,846{\pm}14,232$ individuals at two main stations using the mark-recapture method. The quadrat methods by a spoon net and snorkeling revealed that the population sizes were estimated to be 9,216 and 37,873 individuals, and 5,593 and 24,347 individuals, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2011

Early life history of the endangered species, Gobiobotia macrocephala was investigated to provide baseline data for biological characteristics and recovery. Adult fish were sampled by spoon net at Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea in April to June 2010. The female's eggs were obtained by injecting Ovaprim and fertilized by dry method in the laboratory. The mature eggs were slightly adhesive and transparent with greyish and average 0.89${\pm}$0.04mm in diameter. The hatching of the embryo took place in about 107 hours after fertilization under water temperature of 23$^{\circ}C$ and newly hatched larvae were average 4.6${\pm}$0.16mm in total length. At 4 days after hatching, they were average 6.1${\pm}$0.20mm in total length and their yolk sacs were completely absorbed. From 15 days after hatching, they entered the juvenile stage and reached at 8.6${\pm}$0.67mm in total length. At the 100 days after hatching, their band patterns and external form were similar to those of adults, and they averaged 31.5${\pm}$3.32mm in total length.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2012

The reproductive ecology of an endangered species, Gobiobotia macrocephala (Pisces: Cyprinidae), was investigated in the Seom River, a tributary of the Han River drainage system, from March 2010 to February 2011. During the non-spawning season, no difference in the external morphology was observed between males and females; however, during the spawning season, clear differences merged for the depth and width of the body, preventral length and preanal length in the standard length. The sex ratio of females to males was 1 : 1.01. The spawning season was estimated to last from late April to middle of June, at water temperatures of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. The number of mature eggs in the ovary averaged about $2,134{\pm}930$ (mean${\pm}$SD), and the mean diameter was approximately $0.88{\pm}0.04$ mm. The spawning area was composed of pebble and cobble bottoms (3~10 cm), with current velocities of 13~24 cm $s^{-1}$ and water depths of 12~18 cm. Spawning behavior between males and females was observed in a water tank 14~15 h after injecting females with Ovaprim to promote reproduction. Fish spawned near the water surface with monogamous pairing.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2010

Field monitoring was conducted for fish fauna and community assessment at 7 sites from April 2008 to October 2009 in the Chogang Stream. The number of fish samples in this period were 4,669 in 36 species of 9 families. Family Cyprinidae take 66.7 (24 species), Cobitidae, Bagridae, Centropomidae and Odontobutidae occupied 5.6%(each 2 species), respectively. Twenty species (55.6%) including Acheilognathus koreensis and A. yamatsutae were found endemic out of the 36 species. The species of Pseudopungtungia nigra, Gobiobotia macrocephala and Gobiobotia brevibarba were endangered species. The most frequently found one was Zacco koreanus (34.0%, n=1,588) followed by Z. platypus (22.6%, n=1,053) and Coreoleuciscus splendidus (13.3%, n=623). The lower reach of Chogang Stream was more abundance of species, high diversity, evenness and richness, and lower dominance index than those of the upper reach. According to the dendrogram established at 0.5 level of similarity rate, sampling stations were divided into 3 groups. They were divided into upper most stream (St. 1~St. 2), upper stream (St. 3), middle and lower stream (St. 4~St. 7). Overall, it was concluded that the Chogang Stream has been relatively well protected from the anthropogenic disturbance for the legally protected species including the endemic species studied in this study.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 2015

Appearance patterns of freshwater fish were investigated in the western Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) adjacent areas near Imjin River in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, of 2014. A total of 61 species belonging to 14 families were found in the river during the survey. The dominant and subdominant species were Zacco platypus (Relative abundance, 20.3%) and Zacco koreanus (12.6%), respectively. Other abundant species include Rhinogobius brunneus (9.2%), Pungtungia herzi (4.4%), Acheilognathus yamatsutae (4.4%), and Pseudogobio esocinus (4.0%). Among the residing species, 24 species (39.3%) were endemic to Korea; and 1 species, Carassius cuvieri, was non-indigenous species. Hemibarbus mylodon is a natural monument, and Lethenteron reissneri, Acheilognathus signifer, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Gobiobotia brevibarba, G. macrocephala, and G. naktongensis are endangered species in Korea. In addition, Anguilla japonica and Plecoglossus altivelis are catadromous and amphidromous species, respectively. Among the investigated sites, the lower part of Sami Stream (St. 5, 6) and Gunnarm-dam region (St. 11, 14) are particularly valuable for the conservation of species diversity, because many fish species (33~42 species) including a natural monument and several endangered species inhabit in these regions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

The Ichthyofauna and fish community were studied in the lower course of Imjin River from April 2003 to October 2004. During the survey period 80 species belonging to 23 families were collected. Twenty-five species (31.1%) of them were Korean endemic species. Exotic fishes were Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides, and they complied 1.3% of total catch. The species of Hemibarbus mylodon was identified as natural monument, and acheilognathus signifer, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Gobiobotia macrocephala and Gobiobotia brevibarba were endangered species. Migration fish were Coilia ectens, Anguilla japonica, Plecoglossus altivelis and Takifugu obscurus. Dominant species were Zacco platypus (St. 1), Microphysogobio yaluensis (St. 2), Hemibarbus labeo (St. 3, 4) and coilia ectens (St. 5). The lower course of Imjin River was more abundance of species, high diversity and richness, and lower dominance index than those of the lower course of Han River.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.986-995
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of endangered fish species and elucidate their relations on chemical water quality, physical habitat conditions and ecological stream health. The dominant species in the watershed was Pseudopungtungia nigra (Pn), Gobiobotia macrocephala (Gm), Gobiobotia brevibarba (Gb), Liobagrus obesus (Lo), and Iksookimia choii (Ic) in the order. The species of Pn designated as "critical endangered species (I) (CER)", was most widely distributed species among the endangered species, so the designation of the species should be re-evaluated. The endangered species was most popular (4 species, 384 individuals) in the Cho-River region of eighteen lotic regions. According to the analysis of chemical tolerance limits in the habitats with endangered fish species, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) was analyzed as "very good" (Ia) and "good condition" in the chemical criteria of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Also, chemical conditions, based on ammonia-N ($NH_{4+}$), total nitrogen (TN), phosphate-P ($PO_{4^-}P$) were much better in the habitat with endangered species (Hw) than the habitat without endangered species (Ho). In the meantime, the species of Ic showed wide ranges on the chemical tolerance, so physical habitat conditions, such as the size of substrate particles (sand) and hydrological regime, were considered as more important factors than the chemical water quality, if the water quality is not largely degraded. The endangered species were also more distributed in the high-order (4-6) streams than the low-order (1-3) streams. The evaluation of ecological stream health, based on multi-metric model of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), showed the large difference between the Hw (21.6, fair condition)and Ho (30.5, good condition), indicating that the habitat maintained well chemically and physically had higher distributions of endangered species. Overall, the designation of CER on the Pn should be re-evaluated due to wide-distributions, and the protections from water pollution and the habitat conservations on the endangered species are necessary in the watershed.