• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 1992

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was fractionated into leaf nutrient concentrate, fiber and deproteinised juice (DPJ). The fresh and fermented DPJs were concentrated and referred to as fresh deproteinised juice concentrate (FDPJC) and fermented deprotenised juice concentrate (FMTD DPJC). The FDPJC and FMTD DPJC were separately mixed with dried fiber and ensiled. Wilted crop silage and fresh fiber silage were also prepared from the same material crop. The nutritive value of these four silages were compared using four goats by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Green crop fractionation resulted lesser amount of crude protein and ash, and higher amount of neurtal detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose in fresh fiber. The pH of fresh fiber silage was lower than that of the other silages. Addition of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC to the dried fiber at ensiling did not improve the silage qualities; but all the silages were satisfactorily preserved. Goats fed these silages showed similar ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. But addition of FMTD DPJC was effective on increasing ruminal acetic acid concentration reducing propionic acid concentration. Ruminal n- and iso- butyric acid concentrations were proportional to that of propionic acid. High ammonia content of the silage containing FMTD DPJC was reflected to the ruminal ammonia concentration, urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea level of goats. Inclusion of FDPJC or FMTD DPJC added 15 to 25% dry matter to the fiber silages with a little reduction in the digestibilities of most components of the silages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.534-539
• /
• 1997

A uniform group of 12 upgrade grower goats of 6.0 -7.5 months old were used in this study. They were equally divided into three groups of $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ and were infected orally with three levels (0, 5,000 and 10,000 larvae) of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Before infection, all animals were housed in individual pens with concrete floor. They were provided with a uniform management. Comparison of body weight changes of infected and uninfected grower goats were done using weekly body weights. There was significant (p < 0.01) interaction between the effect of stomach worm infection and duration of infection on body weight. The infected groups (2 and 3) weighed significantly (p < 0.05) less than the control group from week 18 to 21. The animals of control group gained an average of 2.85 kg with 18.75 g average daily gain (ADG) in 152 days, which were significantly higher than those of animals in the infected groups. There was significant effect of H. contortus infection on the pres laughter weights of grower goats. The hot carcass weights of the infected goats were significantly lower than the uninfected group. No significant difference in dressing percentage of infected and uninfected groups was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.10
• /
• pp.1437-1445
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding increasing proportions of corn grain on concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rumen fluid and the subsequent alterations in immune responses as reflected by plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) in goats. Nine goats were assigned to three diets (0%, 25%, and 50% corn grain) in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square experimental design. The results showed that as the proportion of dietary corn increased, the ruminal pH decreased (p<0.001), and the concentrations of propionate (p<0.001), butyrate (p<0.001), lactic acid (p = 0.013) and total volatile fatty acid (p = 0.031) elevated and the ruminal LPS level increased (p<0.001). As the proportion of dietary corn increased, the concentration of SAA increased (p = 0.013). LPS was detectable in the blood of individual goats fed 25% and 50% corn. A real-time PCR analysis showed that the copy number of phylum Bacteroidetes (p<0.001) was reduced ($4.61{\times}10^9$ copies/mL to $1.48{\times}10^9$ copies/mL) by the increasing dietary corn, and a correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the number of Bacteroidetes and rumen LPS levels. Collectively, these results indicated that feeding goats high proportions (50%) of corn grain decreased the ruminal pH, increased LPS in the rumen fluid and tended to stimulate an inflammatory response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.12
• /
• pp.1711-1717
• /
• 2017

Objective: This experiment was studied the effects of various levels of crude glycerin (CG) in dairy goat diet on daily intake, milk yield, milk composition, some physical properties and some quality changes of goat milk after sterilization. Methods: Twelve 75% Saanen dairy goats (body weight = $49{\pm}3kg$; days in milk = $60{\pm}12d$) were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of three experimental diets consisting of 0%, 5%, and 10% CG (dry matter basis) which were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of goats. Experimental dairy goats were evaluated for feed and milk yield. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition, including fatty acids, casein profile, fat globule size, and color, and were sterilized to evaluate milk heat stability. Results: There were no significant differences between 0% and 5% CG treatments infeed. Increasing CG supplementation from 0% to 5% increased milk yield from $2.38{\pm}0.12$ to $2.64{\pm}0.23kg/goat/d$. In addition, milk samples from 5% CG treatment had the highest total solids, fat content and lactose content, and largest fat globule size. Increasing CG to 10% resulted in a decrease in milk fat. After sterilizing at $116^{\circ}C$, $F_0=3min$, goat milk samples from 5% CG treatment had slightly higher sediment content and comparatively higher degree of browning. Conclusion: Considering milk yield, milk fat content and quality of sterilized milk, 5% CG supplementation in a total mixed ration has a potential for implementation in dairy goats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.581-585
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture for Korean native goat. Electroacupuncture was applied to the 6 Korean native goats. In 3 of them, rumenotomy was performed, and in the other 3, laparotomy was done. The analgesic induction time was 15 to 30 minutes. The acupoints used were Tian-ping (Celestial Peace, GV-5), Bai-hui (Hundred Meetings, GV-20), left 13th thoracic nerve and left 3rd lumbar nerve. Electroacupuncture was performed in lateral recumbency. Needles were inserted 1-2 cm deep, and connected to the electroacupuncture apparatus. The electrical stimulation condition was 30 Hz and 2-6 volts. Initially, the voltage of analgesia mode was maximized in each channel. And, the output was slowly reduced to the critical point that goats could tolerate without obvious discomfort or pain. Surgical operation was done successfully under electroacupuncture analgesia in 6 Korean native goats. In addition, the changes of temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were studied during acupuncture analgesia. For 3 months after surgery, no experimental animals showed clinical problem in 6 Korean native goats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various roughage sources on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane ($CH_4$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) production in goats. Four castrated black goats ($48.5{\pm}0.6kg$) were individually housed in environmentally controlled respiration-metabolism chambers. The experiment design was a $4{\times}4$ balanced Latin square design with 4 roughage types and 4 periods. Alfalfa, tall fescue, rice straw, and corn silage was used as representative of legume, grass, straw, and silage, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was higher (p < 0.001) in corn silage than in alfalfa hay. Dry matter digestibility of alfalfa hay was higher than those of tall fescue or rice straw (p < 0.001). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility of tall fescue was lower (p < 0.001) than those of alfalfa, rice straw, or corn silage. Daily enteric $CH_4$ production and the daily enteric $CH_4$ production per kilogram of $BW^{0.75}$, dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), digested DMI, and digested OMI of rice straw did not differ from those of tall fescue but were higher (p < 0.001) than those of alfalfa or corn silage. Roughage type had no effect on enteric $CO_2$ emission in goats. Straw appeared to generate more enteric $CH_4$ production than legume or silage, but similar to grass.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of CIDR-S on estrus synchronization of dairy goats and the effect of artificial insemination on conception rate. Estrus synchronization of sexually matured Saanen goats was induced with insertion of CIDR-S into vagina for 15 days and injection of 500 IU PMSG before removal of CIDR-S. Artificial insemination was conducted using liquid or frozen semen by intra-cervical insemination with synchronized does. Estrus synchronization was 90% using CIDR-S insertion for 15 days. Conception rate of inseminated does was 20% - 25%, while that of natural mated does was 100%. These results suggested that synchronization of dairy goats can be successfully induced and artificial insemination method has to be improved for the practical use in dairy goats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of native oriental white oak(Quercus aliena Blume) browse by Korean native goats. Oak browse were mixed with grass hay(orchardgrass 60% and red clover 40%), varing in oak browse content. Diets included 30% oak browse and 70% grass hay, 60% oak browse and 40 % grass hay, and a 100% grass hay(contro1). Oak browse diets were higher in NDF, ADF, lignin, and tannin contents, but lower in CP content than the control diet with increased oak browse levels. Gross energy levels showed no difference between the control and oak browse diets. Dry matter intake was the lowest on diet containing oak browse 60%. Digestibility for DM, cellular constituents, NDF, and ADF showed lower for oak browse diets compared to control diet(P<0.05). Oak browse diets furnished significantly lower dietary N than &d the control diet. Fecal N losses generally increased with higher levels of oak browse levels(P<0.05). Apparently digested N and retained N were lower in oak browse diets than in control diet. The higher retained N was obtained in control diet than in oak browse diets. DE and ME declined linearly as oak browse levels increased when compared to control diet(P

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 1992

The study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-dihydroprogesterone (20$\alpha$-OHP) levels during the oestrous cycle in Korean native goats. 4 cyclic goats were offered for this experiment. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein on day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 during the oestrous cycle, then the next oestrous day. The serum levels of progesterone and 20$\alpha$-OHP were measured by radioimmunoassay. The progesterone concentration in seurm of the cyclic goats was 0.29$\pm$0.06ng/ml on the first day of oestrous (day 0), increased to 5.29$\pm$0.73ng/ml on day 9, reached to a peak level of 5.73$\pm$0.61ng/ml on day 13, and thereafter decreased to 0.35$\pm$0.30ng/ml on day 1. The serum level of 20$\alpha$-OHP during the oestrous cycle was 0.42$\pm$0.33ng/ml on day 0 and then decreased to 0.28$\pm$0.01ng/ml on day 5. This basal level was maintained until day 13, increased gradually, and reached a peak level of 0.62$\pm$0.05ng/ml on day 19. From the above results, it was suggested that the enzyme 20$\alpha$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(20$\alpha$-HSD) catalyzing the conversion of progesterone to a biologically inactive steroid, 20$\alpha$-OHP, should be active in the luteal cells during the oestrous cycle in Korean native goats.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 1992

The present study was conducted to find out the changes of progesterone levels in pre and post partum by the PGF2$\alpha$ administration to control artificial parturition in Korean native goats. A total of 24 goats were offered for this experiment. The animals were divided into 4 goats per treatment by the administration time(142, 145 or 148 day of pregnancy). Blood samples were taken from jagular vein pre-post partum by the PGF2$\alpha$ intramuscular administration. The progesterone in serum was assayed by radioimmunoassay. The serum progesterone level in late-pregnant goats averaged 4.85$\pm$0.55ng/ml, 4.05$\pm$0.47ng/ml or 2.76$\pm$0.25ng/ml on 142, 145 or 148 days of gestation. After the intramuscular injection with PGF2$\alpha$ for inducing parturition, it decreased remarkably to below 1.0ng/ml and to the base level(0.4~0.6ng/ml) at day 1 after parturition. And then this base level of progesterone was maintained until the final examination at 9 days of postpartum. No significant difference was found in the serum levels of progesterone between the doses treated for parturition induction. It was concluded that exogenous PGF2$\alpha$, administrated intramuscularly, induced premature parturition with causing withdrawal of progesterone levels for triggering luteolysis.