• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

NAVER provides search frequency data of search terms via its DataLab service (http://datalab.naver.com/). Using this data, this paper examines the relation between the search frequency of firm's name and its future stock returns. Our results show that the search frequency of firm's name is a new investor attention measure, which is different from previously explored attention measures such as extreme returns, turnover, etc. Firms that go through higher search frequency this week tend to have higher returns in the next week. We do not find return reversal in the long run for the firms with higher search frequency. Furthermore, the extent to which search frequency affects stock returns becomes more pronounced following market-wide attention grabbing events. Our results indicate that search frequency incorporates information for future stock returns.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.6
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• pp.897-906
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• 2003

The traditional animal phylogenetic tree is to align the body structure of the animal phylums from simple to complex based on the initial development character. Currently, molecular systematics research based on the molecular, it is on the fly, is again estimating prior trend and show the new genealogy and interest of the evolution. In this paper, we generate the training set which is obtained from a DNA sequence ans apply to the classification. We made use of the mitochondrial DNA for the experiment, and then proved the accuracy using the MEGA program which is anaysis program, it is used in the biology field. Although the result of the mining has to proved through biological experiment, it can provede the methodology for the efficient classify and can reduce the time and effort to the experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2011

수직으로 정렬된 1차원 나노구조는 입사되는 빛에 대하여 반사율을 줄일 수 있는 유효 굴절률 profile을 갖고 있어, 태양광소자 및 광전자소자의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 널리 응용되어 왔으며, 이러한 수직으로 정렬된 1차원 나노구조를 제작하는 연구가 매우 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 화학적 방법으로 성장시킨 산화아연 나노로드(ZnO nanorod)는 비교적 간단하고 저렴한 제작공정을 통해서 높은 결정성을 갖는 수직형 1차원 나노구조체로 이용 할 수 있다. 한편, 효과적인 무반사(antireflection) 층을 제작하기 위해서는 표면에서 발생되는 Fresnel 반사율을 낮춰야 하는데, 이를 위해서 입사되는 매질에서 기판 사이의 유효 굴절률이 연속적이고, 점진적인 변화가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 무반사 특성향상을 위해서 실리콘 (Si) 기판위에 tapered 산화아연 나노로드를 화학적으로 성장시켜 반사율 특성을 분석하였다. 실험을 위해, 먼저 Si 기판에 AZO (Al doped ZnO) seed 층을 RF magnetron 스퍼터를 사용해 증착한 후, zinc nitrate $Zn(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$과 hexamethylentetramines으로 혼합된 용액에 담가두어 산화아연 나노로드를 성장시켰다. Tapered 산화아연 나노로드를 형성하기 위해 용액의 온도를 서서히 낮춤으로 산화아연나노로드의 끝을 뾰족하게 제작할 수 있었다. 한편, 이론적으로 AZO seed 층의 두께에 대한 반사 스펙트럼을 rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) 계산법을 통해서 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 최적화된 AZO seed 층의 두께를 결정하여, 그 위에 tapered 산화아연 나노로드를 성장시켜 반사율을 측정하여 무반사 특성 향상을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 태양광소자 응용을 위해, 표준 AM1.5G 태양광 스펙트럼을 고려한 solar weighted reflection을 계산하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-259
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• 1999

Small round structured viruses (SRSV) are the major ethological agents which can cause outbreaks of non-bacterial gastroenteritis or food poisoning both in children and adults. The classification of family Caliciviridae to which SRSV belong, is based on the genome encoding three open reading frames. The rotavirus is another major pathogen which causes diarrhea in young children. We examined stool specimens obtained from diarrheal patients in Wonju from which bacterial pathogens were not found. To detect causative viruses from stool specimens of patients, reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested PCR using rotavirus or SRSV specific primers was performed. In this study, RT-nested PCR procedure which can amplify a 330 bp fragment derived from RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) region within ORF1 was applied for the detection of SRSV. For the detection of rotaviruses, a 877 bp fragment from the VP4 region of rotavirus genome was amplified. As a result, rotavirus was not detected while SRSV sequences were detected from one out of five specimens. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Wonju isolate were compared with other 6 Korean isolates which have been isolated and sequenced in our laboratory. Sequence analysis revealed that the Wonju isolate was rather distinct from other Korean isolates: the Wonju isolate was closer to genogroup I of SRSV while other 6 Korean isolates belonged to genogroup II.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives: Notopterygium incisum(N. incisum) and Saposhnikovia divaricata(S. divaricata) have been clinically used in traditional oriental medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Also, a herbal mixture prepared with N. incisum and S. divaricata has been strongly linked to the anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of N. incisum and S. divaricata. Methods: For evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of a herbal mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata in vivo, we measured the changed ear thickness in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model after topical application of herbal mixture. In addition, the levels of markers for inflammation, such as tumore necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, and nitric oxide(NO), were determined by ELISA assay in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Results: We reported that water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination significantly inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by TPA. Moreover, the water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination exhibited synergistic effects in down-regulating IL-1${\beta}$ level, but not TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO. Conclusions: These results suggest that combined treatment of N. incisum and S. divaricata, based on seven methods in prescription compatibility, has a synergistic effect in down-regulating inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro models. Especially, it seems that IL-1${\beta}$ is a one of main target of the mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata on anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2003

This paper discusses the validities of insulating curing of cold weather concreting at early stage by applying insulation forms. Tests were carried out using modified insulating form combining existing insulating form and various other insulations in order to develop improved insulation form. Temperature history of concrete using various insulating forms and insulation was measured to determine most effective combination of insulting form. According to results, as for the wall form, under the curing temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$, the temperature of concrete using Euro form drops sharply before 24 hours and lasts below $0^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours. The temperature of concrete using the form combining Polypropylene panel, styrofoam and plywood panel keep above $0^{\circ}C$. And, it is confirmed that the form mentioned above has a favorable effects on enhancing strength development of concrete and the cost to make the forms shows more reasonable than that of existing forms. However, as for the combination methods of insulation form for slab, which is composed of insulating form at the bottom of slab and various surface curing materials at the top of slab, in case of exposed condition at the top of slab, temperature history of concrete goes below $0^{\circ}C$ after 10 hours. In case of the combination of vinyl sheet and curing blanket, it drops below $0^{\circ}C$ after 42 hours. However, in case of the combination of vinyl, styrofoam and curing blanket, it does not go below $0^{\circ}C$ until 55 hours. Accordingly, compared to the case of exposure and the combination of vinyl and curing blanket, it indicates that the combination mentioned above has more effective insulating performance.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

The Song Dynasty(宋代) period gained the summit in the developmental phase of the history in pediatrics. In 1076, Taeuiguk(太醫局) was founded and Sobangmaek(小方脈) was the one of nine branch in Taeuiguk(太醫局). As a result, educational agency and system was arranged in the field of pediatrics. At the same time, pediatrics have furnished with foundation to develop independent field in medical science. Especially, Byeonjeungnonchi(辦證論治) system is established in pediatrics science according to the compilation of "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" by Jeoneul(錢乙). Children's doctors, Jeoneul(錢乙), Jinmunjung(陳文中) and Donggeup(董汲) arranged clinically theories, so they made that age the peak of the pediatrics. Looking at the developmental part of theory in pediatrics of the Song Dynasty period, Jeoneul(錢乙), who was the representative children's doctor in Song Dynasty period, insisted that children had formed Ojang-yukbu(五臟六腑) in the physiological part but they were not perfect like adult's. Therefore they had to consider the poor part in children's body, and then they had to cure them. 'Byeonjeung(變蒸)' was considered to be normal physiological phenomenon. Also he insisted that Yukeum(六淫), 'Pung, Han, Seo, Seup, Jo, Hwa(風, 寒, 暑, 濕, 燥, 火)' and 'Gyeong, Pung, Gon, Cheon, Heo(驚, 風, 困, 喘, 虛)' are the main cause of the children's five vital organ's pathology Like this, his academic thought, which lay emphasized on children's spleen and stomach and Ojangbyeonjeung(五臟辦證) main principles, affected on doctors, Donggeup(董汲), Yeomhyochung(閣孝忠), Yubang(劉肪), Jang-wonso(張元素), Idong-won(李東垣), Manjeon(萬全). Bangje(方劑) fields of pediatrics had developed so fast and "Taepyeongsunghyebang(太平聖惠方)" contained about 2689 kinds of children's prescription. According to this, there are so many kinds of medicinal shape, for example 'Hwan, San, Go, Dan(丸, 散, 膏, 丹)', which cured children' s disease. Through this, we find that the shape of medicine about the children's diseases had developed to the more simple direction, taking account of the children's clinical trait.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the distance of culture and life by 'The Relation-Approach.' For this, We identified the path and mechanism of importance of culture and life through the concept of respective distance and closed distance. We found that the structure of closed culture and closed life makes the distance of culture and life dangerous, which is operated as the factor of making dangerous culture and life. This fact shows that respectiveness operates in the process of converting respective distance to closed distance. Also, It was confirmed that the problem of solving dangerous distance can be established in the condition that mutual distance of culture and life can have the possibility of accomplishment. But We found the fact that the distance which is regarded as the true mutual distance having the consistence of the open condition-accomplishment in culture and life is actually operated by making the dangerous path and mechanism. In this point, We suggested the concept of 'The Multi-tier Dangerousness,' not 'The Single-tier Dangerousness.' We also found the importance of dangerousness of perception with a view to resolving dangerousness operating in culture and life. The fact that 'dangerousness of perception' produced 'dangerousness of phenomenon' was identified. Further more, We suggested that intrinsic perception is needed so as to healthy culture and life. And Open perception was emphasized to go to mutual distance beyond respective distance.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2012

Manganese ($Mn^{2+}$) is a trace element that is essential for normal physiology, and is predominantly obtained from food. Several lines of evidence, however, demonstrated that overexposure to $MnCl_2$ exerts serious neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and developmental toxicity, particularly in male. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0, 1.0, 3.3, and 10 mg/kg/day doses of $MnCl_2$ on the reproductive organs in the immature female rats. Rats (PND 22; S.D. strain) were exposed to $MnCl_2$ ($MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$) dissolved in drinking water for 2 weeks. The animals were sacrificed on PND 35, then the tissues were immediately removed and weighed. Histological studies were performed using the uteri tissue samples. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured with the specific ELISA kits. Body weights of the experimental group animals were not significantly different from those of control group animals. However, ovarian tissue weights in 1 mg and 3.3 mg $MnCl_2$ dose groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Uterine tissue weights of 3.3 mg dose $MnCl_2$ groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.01), while the 1 mg $MnCl_2$ dose and 10 mg $MnCl_2$ dose failed to induce any change in uterine weight. Similarly, only 3.3 mg $MnCl_2$ dose could induce the significant decrease in the oviduct weight compared to the control group (p<0.05). Non-reproductive tissues such as adrenal and kidney failed to respond to all doses of $MnCl_2$ exposure. The uterine histology revealed that the $MnCl_2$ exposure could affect the myometrial cell proliferation particularly in 3.3 mg dose and 10mg dose group. Serum FSH levels were significantly decreased in 1mg $MnCl_2$ dose and 10 $MnCl_2$ mg groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, treatment with 1 mg $MnCl_2$ dose induced a significant increment of serum LH level (p<0.05). The present study demonstrated that $MnCl_2$ exposure is capable of inducing abnormal development of reproductive tissues, at least to some extent, and altered gonadotropin secretions in immature female rats. Combined with the well-defined actions of this metal on GnRH and prolactin secretion, one can suggest the $Mn^{2+}$ might be a potential environmental mediator which is involved in the female pubertal process.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.