• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2006

According to the increase of demand for human organs such as kidney, heart, pancreas, joint, and cornea for therapeutic transplantation, the production of alternative organs based on Gnotobiotic Pigs gains a lot of concerns all over the world. However, it is not common to design and build Gnotobiotic Pigs' facility, and there are only a few those facilities and planning principles for them. Considering the situation above, this paper tries to develop planning guidelines for space organization and circulation system of standardized Germ Free Pig's facility on the bases of case analysis. The results of this study are as follows. At first, four swine farms including a Gntobiotic Pig's facility has been analysed from the point of space organization and circulation system. Secondly, the space zoning of Gnotobiotic Pigs' facility has been proposed into 5 groups : pigs' area, adminstration area, operating room and laboratory, service area, and mechanical area. Space components of each group have been presented also. Finally, circulation system of Gnotobiotic Pigs' facility has been explored from a operational point of view. This, also, includes human circulation, pig's circulation, and goods' circulation. This study has some limitations because it does not consider the SOPs(standard operational policies) of that facility to the fullest measure and does not suggest space area of each part, either. Despite of some weaknesses, it is expected that this study can give some useful guidelines for the design and planning of Germ Free Pigs' facilities.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

At the moment, a lot of interest in the research on Gnotobiotic Pigs are increasing in order to produce alternative human organs. So, it is very important to design and build proper housing facilities for Germ Free Pigs. Among the design issues related to Gnotobiotic Pigs' farms, circulation system takes a high position because it carries an important role in keeping the pig's housing environment aseptic. Considering those, this study aims to propose the guidelines for the design of circulation system in Germ Free Pig's facilities. The results of this study are as follows. At first, functional areas of Germ Free Pigs' facilities have been divided into three categories according to the clean level; aseptic area, semi-aseptic area, and non-aseptic area. Secondly, the basic principles of circulation system have been proposed. Finally, circulation system of Gnotobiotic Pigs' facility has been explored as a form of diagram according to the circulating subjects. These include human circulation, pig's circulation, and goods' circulation. This study has some limitations in that it is transcendent and lacks empirical evidence. Despite of some weaknesses, it is expected to give some useful guidelines for the design of circulation system in Germ Free Pigs' facilities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2133-2140
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• 2018

Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood owing to the difficulty of establishing viral infection in animal models. Here, post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs were infected with human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) to investigate the pathogenesis and replication of the virus. Three groups of four pigs were infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, or $1{\times}10^7$ genomic equivalent (GE) copies of HuNoV GII.4. Four pigs were used as negative controls. Blood and rectal swab samples were collected after viral infection, and gross legions were examined after necropsy. Diarrhea was induced in 25% and 75% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^6$ and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viral shedding was detected in 50%, 75%, and 50% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viremia was detected in 25% of pigs infected with either $1{\times}10^6$ or $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies. When gross lesions of gastroenteritis were investigated, the ileum walls of the infected pigs were thinner than those of the controls. Villi atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration were identified in the ileum of each infected pig. Viral capsid was identified in the jejunum, ileum, colon, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node. Virus replication was newly verified in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by detection of negative-sense viral RNA. In conclusion, HuNoV GII.4 could induce acute gastroenteritis and replicate in the extra-intestinal lymphoid tissues in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs. Therefore, such pigs would be a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and replication of HuNoV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2008

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

The present study investigated the physiological evaluation of cloned mini-pigs in a transportable isolator. Transportable isolator was designed and manufactured by our research team for transporting gnotobiotic pig. Until now, no previous reports are available regarding the physiological activities and harmful effects when pigs were transported in this isolator. Five cloned mini-pigs of 1~2 year (s) old female with a body weight between 80~90 kg were used. The effects of transportable isolator on stress-related hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and heart rate were evaluated. In addition, it was also examined the effects of transportable isolator on blood chemistry factors (alanine aminotransferase: ALT, aspartate aminotransferase: AST, blood urea nitrogen: BUN, glucose, and creatinine). Blood was sampled just before the beginning of transport (T0), at the end of transport (30min after the transport; T1), and 30 min after the end of transport (T2). At the same time, heart rate was also evaluated. As a result, heart rate had no significant (p>0.05) differences at the various-time points of study (T0, T1, T2). However, heart rate was slightly higher than normal range in T1 and T2. The ACTH level was higher than normal range. Whereas, the cortisol level was lower than normal range. There were no statistical significant differences both ACTH and cortisol level between different time groups. Also, there were no significant differences in blood chemistry factors. Therefore, our present study shows that transportable isolator has no harmful effect on stress and physiological condition in cloned mini-pigs.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2008

Gnotobiotic piglets were routinely produced by hysterectomy. In this study, 22 pregnant miniature pigs (111th to 113th day of gestation) were used for hysterectomy. Before surgery, 14 pigs were insensibilizated by Ketamine 50^® plus CO₂ gas and 8 pigs by a slaughter pistol. The high level of Ketamine 50^® (0.09㎖/kg) was faster (146 vs 283 seconds) in surgery but the time taken for complete revival of one piglet was more prolonged (427 vs 64 seconds) than 0.03㎖/kg level. In hysterectomies with a slaughter pistol, surgery time was faster (470 vs 155 seconds) and the rate of alive piglets was higher (97.0 vs 83.8%) than in those with Ketamine 50^®. There were no problems in the rate of alive newborn piglets even when sows were hysterectomized at 3 days prepartum.