• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of herbicide treatment and seeding method on the forage yield, weed control, and persistency in the Artemisia princeps dominated pasture. It was arranged as a randomized block design with seven treatments(\circled1 oversowing(control),\circled2 glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha + oveysowing a \circled3glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding, \circled4 paraquat dichloride 3 ${\ell}$/ha + oversowing,\circled5 paraquat dichloride 3 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding, \circled6 dicamba 4 ${\ell}$/ha + oversowing and \circled7 dicamba 4 ${\ell}$/ha + chiselreseeding), and conducted at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon from June, 1985 to October, 1987. In the Artemisia princeps dominated pasture, the treatments of glyphosate 4 ${\ell}$/ha before oversowipg or chisel reseeding controlled 80.7-83.3% of the Artemisia princeps, and for two years the average dry weight of Artemisiaprinceps greatly decreased, but dry matter(DM) yield of forage increased 57-96% than that pf control. In the herbicide treatments, the average DM yield of forage in the plots with chisel r e d i n g was significantly higher when compared to oversowing. The results in this study indicated that herbicide treatment was effective for the control of Artemisiaprinceps, and good renovation of grassland and higher DM yield of forage could be obtained by application of glyphosate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2015

Studies to estimate seed longevity and dormancy of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Corvallis and Hermiston, Oregon. Seeds from three transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass lines, 48-10, 48-13, and ASR368, and one non-transgenic glyphosate susceptible line, SR1020, were used. Creeping bentgrass seeds were buried at 3, 18 and 31 cm in 2000 and removed 6, 12, 18, 24, and 51 months later. Soil type and climatic conditions were different at the two locations. At Corvallis, the soil was a Malabon silty clay loam, and the winters wet and mild. The soil at Hermiston was an Adkins fine sandy loam, and winters drier and colder. Seeds of all creeping bentgrass lines deteriorated faster at Corvallis than at Hermiston. The estimated half-lives of creeping bentgrass lines buried at Corvallis were 8.4 to 20.2 months, while those buried at Hermiston were 8.4 to 37.7 months. At both sites, seeds of the glyphosate resistant lines, 48-10 and 48-13, deteriorated faster than the susceptible line, SR1020. However, seed deterioration in the resistant line, ASR368, was slower than all other creeping bentgrass lines. Based on the germination test, exhumed intact seeds at Corvallis were more dormant than those at Hermiston. If buried, it could be expected that viable creeping bentgrass seeds will persist more than 4 years after the seeds are introduced to a site, but environmental conditions can influence both seed longevity and dormancy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

Plants expressing Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant EPSPS. In order to develop herbicide-resistant rice, we prepared transgenic rice plants with CP4 EPSPS gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter for over-expression. A recombinant plasmid was transformed into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A large number of transgenic rice plants were obtained with glyphosate and most of the transformants showed fertile. The integration and expression of CP4 EPSPS gene from regenerated plants was analyzed by Southern and northern blot analysis. The transgenic rice plants had CP4 EPSPS enzyme activity levels more than 15-fold higher than the wild-type plants. EPSPS enzyme activity of transgenic rice plants was also identified by strip-test method. Field trial of transgenic rice plants further confirmed that they can be selectively survived at 100% by spay of glyphosate (Roundup$^{(R)}$) at a regular dose used for conventional rice weed control.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.144-145
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• 2018

A 4-year-old Yorkshire terrier was presented with hindlimb paresis and urinary incontinence after accidental ingestion of an herbicide. Based on neurologic examinations, decreased hindlimb proprioception with flaccid paresis were revealed. Other possible causes of the clinical signs were excluded. The clinical signs gradually improved after administration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapy. This case report is the first to describe the long-term outcome of hindlimb paresis and urinary incontinence induced by glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) poisoning in a dog.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Heteroplasmic rice plastid transformant was generated using suspension cells as bombardment materials. PCR analyses confirmed incorporation of aadA and cp4-epsps genes into the rice plastid genome by homologous recombination events via the flanking sequences of the trnI and trnA. Transplastomic calli were actively proliferated when cultured on AAM2 medium supplemented with various concentrations (500-3000 mg/L) of streptomycin in dark condition, and transplastomic suspension cells showed resistance to nonselective herbicide, glyphosate. Through 'agarose pie selection' method, heteroplastomic calli, containing considerably high level of transplastome and expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein, were obtained. They were further regenerated to green shoots with healthy roots.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2017

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 1986

평지(平地) 성목원(成木園)과 경과지(傾科地) 유목원(幼木園)의 2개 과수원에서 Paraquat, Glyphosate, Oxyfluorfen, Napropamid 및 Ustinex 등 5종(種)의 과수원용 제초제를 공시하여, 잡초의 발생특성과 제초제를 인한 잡초생태형별(雜草生態型別) 과별(科別) 발생특성의 변동양상을 조사하고, 이를 근거로 잡초 및 제초제의 유사군분류(類似群分類)를 함으로써 새로운 제초제조합(除草劑組合) 모형화(模型化)의 다음 기초자료를 얻었다. (1) 과수원의 발생초종은 7생태형, 23과, 45종으로 일년생과 다년생의 분포는 각각 24종과 22종이었다. (2) 출현빈도가 높은 잡초종이 대부분 높은 현존량을 보임으로써 출현빈도가 잡초문제의 근간을 형성하는 경향이었다. (3) Paraquat은 속효 속재생성과 하계 일년생으로의 천이경향(遷移傾向)을, Glyphosate는 다년생 잡초의 탁월한 방제특성을, Napropamid는 잡초발생전의 토양 잔류성을, Oxyfluorfen은 하계일년생과 지중형 반지중형의 일부 다년생의 방제특성을 나타내는 각각의 장단점을 보였고, Ustinex는 혼합제로서의 다양한 초종 안정적인 제초효과를 보였다. (4) 제초제별 감수성반응에 따른 잡초를 분류한 결과, 발생빈도반응에서는 3군(群)과 8개(個) 단독과(單獨科)로 분류 되었다. 두 분류 기준에서 공통적으로 단독과(單獨科)로만 분류된 잡초는 산형과(科) 닭이장풀과(科) 화본과(科) 및 마디풀과(科)였다. (5) 제초제는 방제특성에서 상호간의 차이가 독특하게 컸으므로 유사군분류(類似群分類)가 되지 않는 경향이었으며, 비유사성(非類似性)이 큰 조합(組合)은 Paraquat이나 Glyphosate, Napropamid나 Glyphosate와 Napropamid나 Oxyfluorfen의 관계에 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 1990

2,4-D 제초제(除草劑)의 상호작용(相互作用)을 조사(調査)키 위하여 2,4-D와 제초제(除草劑의 혼합처리(混合處理)가 수도(水稻)의 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 2,4-D 처리(處理)에 의한 신초생육(新鞘生育)이 더욱 억제(抑制)된 반면에 thiobencarb, butachlor 및 glyphosate 처리(處理)에 의한 IR28의 신초생육(新鞘生育) 억제(抑制)는 Taipei 309 보다 더욱 크게 나타났다. 2,4-D와 thiobencarb 혼합처리시(混合處理時)에 상호작용(相互作用)은 thiobencarb 농(濃度)가 낮은 처리구(處理區)의 신초(新鞘)길이에 대하여 두 품종(品種) 공(共)히 길항작용(拮抗作用)을 나타내었고 thiobencarb 고농도(高濃度)에서는 상승작용(相乘作用)을 보였다. 신초((新鞘)의 생체중(生體重)에 대한 2,4-D와 thiobencarb의 상호작용(相互作用)은 IR28의 경우 모든 처리구(處理區)에서 상승작용(相乘作用)을 나타낸 반면에 Taipei 309의 경우에는 2,4-D의 농도(濃度)가 낮을 때만 상승작용(相乘作用)이 나타났다. 2,4-D와 butachlor 혼합처리(混合處理)에 의해서는 IR28의 신초길이와 생체중(生體重)이 Taiperi 309보다 더욱 높은 억제현상(抑制現象)을 보여 상승작용(相乘作用)을 나타내었다. 2,4-D와 glyphosate 혼합시(混合時)에는 신초(新鞘)의 길이에서는 두 품종(品種) 공히 길항작용(拮抗作用)을 보였으나, 2,4-D와 glyphosate의 최고농도(最高濃度) 혼합시(混合時)에는 신초(新鞘)의 생체중(生體重)에 대해서 IR28은 상승작용(相乘作用)을 보인 반면에 Taipei의 309는 길항작용(拮抗作用)을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2007

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase, EC 2.5.1.19) is the sixth enzyme in the shikimate pathway which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and many secondary metabolites. The enzyme is widely involved in glyphosate tolerant transgenic plants because it is the primary target of the nonselective herbicide glyphosate. In this study, the Dunaliella salina EPSP synthase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 514 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 54.6 KDa. The derived amino acid sequence showed high homology with other EPSP synthases. The Dunaliella salina EPSP synthase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant EPSP synthase were identified by functional complementation assay.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

Three-week grown Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were wounded by cutting whole leaves with a razor blade into pieces (about$3\;mm\;{\times}\;3\;mm$) submerged in various solutions, and incubated in a growth chamber for 24 h. We measured and compared activities of several enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, thioltransferase, glutathione reductase, and $NADP^+$ -malate dehydrogenase. PAL activity was decreased in $HgCl_2$-, $CdCl_2$-, and glyphosate-treated leaf slices, and could not be detected after treatment with $CdCl_2$. TAL activity was found to be maximal in the $CdCl_2$-treated leaf slices. Activity of thioredoxin, a small protein known as a cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase and a regulator of photosynthesis, was significantly increased in the $CdCl_2$-treated leaf slices, while thioredoxin reductase activity was maximal in the $HgCl_2$-treated leaf slices. Thioltransferase and glutathione reductase activities were significantly decreased in the $HgCl_2$-treated leaf slices. $NADP^+$ -malate dehydrogenase activity remained relatively constant after the chemical treatments. Our results strongly indicate that sulfhydryl-related and phenylpropanoid-synthesizing enzyme activities are affected by chemical treatments such as hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals, and glyphosate.