• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2010

다진 마늘의 제조 중 발생하는 효소적 갈변을 막기 위해 산업적으로 적용되는 방법은 주로 화학적인 갈변저해제를 이용하는 경우가 다수이나, 최근 소비자의 천연물에 대한 수요 증대를 감안하여 천연물 유래의 갈변저해제를 탐색할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연물 유래의 갈변저해제 중 효과적으로 나타난 감초 추출물의 갈변저해 효과를 조사하였다. 또 기존 다진 마늘의 갈변저해에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있는 구연산과의 병용 효과를 동시에 조사하여 효율적인 응용이 가능하도록 하였다. 다진 마늘 제조 시 구연산과 감초추출물을 다양한 조성비로 적용하고 냉장저장 중 다진 마늘의 색도를 측정하여 L값의 변화를 중심으로 갈변 저해 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 저장 초기에는 감초추출물 단독으로도 갈변저해 효과가 있었으나 저장 후기로 갈수록 감초추출물과 구연산을 혼합한 조성물이 매우 효과적으로 갈변을 저해함을 알 수 있었다. 천연물인 감초추출물은 구연산과 상승작용을 일으켜 갈변을 효과적으로 저해하는 것으로 추측된다. 또한 감초추출물과 구연산의 혼합비를 조정하여 실험한 결과에 따르면, 감초추출물:구연산의 혼합비가 2:8 내지 5:5일 때 효과적으로 갈변을 저해하며, 특히 감초추출물:구연산의 혼합비가 2:8인 경우 가장 뛰어난 갈변 저해 효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이 경우 구연산을 단독으로 처리한 경우와 동등한 수준으로 뛰어난 갈변 저해 효과를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 구연산 단독 처리시의 문제점인 신맛 등 관능적 품질 저하 문제를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 1989

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug preparation (So-Shi-Ho-Tang), index components of Glycyrrhizae Radix were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. Specific red spot (Rf=0.47) was identified in acid hydrolysate of glycosidic fraction on silica gel plate with benzene/ethyl acetate (1 : 1, v/v). The content of glycyrrhizin was determined by quantification of glycyrrhetinic acid by HPLC on ${\mu}-Bondapak\;C_{18}$ column with $MeOH/H_2O/HAc$ (78 : 19 : 3, v/v). Its recovery rate in the extract granules, compared to the content in the Glycyrrhizae Radix, was $83.3{\pm}0.7%$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2017

This study proposes a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method of efficiently assessing the quality of a traditional herbal medicine called Yeonggyechulgam-tang (YGCGT). The following compounds 1 - 11, namely, liquiritin apioside (1), liquiritin (2), liquiritigene (3), coumarin (4), cinnamic acid (5), cinnamaldehyde (6), glycyrrhizin (7), atractylenolide III (8), atractylenolide II (9), atractylenolide I (10), and pachymic acid (11) were separated on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at a column temperature of $45^{\circ}C$ eluted with a gradient condition of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in distilled water and acetonitrile. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve of the eleven constituents was ${\geq}0.9936$. The limits of detection and quantification of the compounds 1 - 11 were 0.06 - 4.73 ng/mL and 0.17-14.20 ng/mL, respectively. Using this analytical method, the compound 11 in lyophilized YGCGT decoction extract was not detected, while the compounds 1 - 10 were detected 0.13-166.43 mg/g.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

Objectives: We investigated to develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of eight constituents in Galgeun-tang (GGT). Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230 nm, 254 nm, and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the eight marker components of GGT. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$ > 0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate of each component was in the range of 87.33-101.38%, with an RSD less than 7.0%. The contents of the eight components in GGT were 1.98-12.17 mg/g. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of marker components in GGT.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

The mutability and frequency of genetic reassortment characteristic of rotavirus and resultant antigenic changes make the rotavirus formidable challenges for control efforts such as the vaccine development. An alternative approach to overcome these difficulties in development of the rotavirus vaccine is to develop effective inhibitors of the virus infection. As an effort to achieve this, effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which is an active component of glycyrrhizin, on MA-14 cell infection were examined by employing the human rotavirus isolated from Korea, K-21. The data obtained showed that MA-104 cell infection of the K-21 rotavirus was greatly influenced by the presence of both $18{\alpha}-Ga\;and\;18{\beta}-GA$. Both types of GA have inhibited more than 60% of the rotaviral infection at the concentration of 7.68mM. This inhibition effect became much more evident at the higher concentrations of GA. However, the type of GA did not make much differences on the inhibition effect of the drug. Although GA has to be used in high concentrations to exhibit anti-viral activity and to be virostatic, a long history of safe and high dose usage of licoriece in clinical settings in the Far East makes the GA as an attractive inhibitor of the rotaviral infection.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.352-364
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze for quality assessment of eighteen marker compounds, including homogentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, spinosin, liquiritin, hesperidin, ginsenoside Rg1, liquiritigenin, ginsenoside Rb1, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, honokiol, costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, atractylenolide II, nootkatone, magnolol, and atractylenolide I, in Hyangsayukgunja-tang using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. The column for separation of eighteen marker components were used a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}$) and kept at $45^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}l$, respectively. The correlation coefficient of all marker compounds was ${\geq}0.9914$, which means good linearity, within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all analytes were in the ranges 0.04-1.11 and 0.13-3.33 ng/mL, respectively. As a result, five compounds, homogentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, spinosin, liquiritigenin, and atractylenolide I, in this sample were not detected and the amounts of the 13 compounds except for the 5 compounds were $8.10-6736.37{\mu}g/g$ in Hyangsayukgunja-tang extract.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2008

To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the biological effect of functional herbs, which have been used in Korea, Japan, and China as traditional medicines, and suggest new bioactive compounds transformed from herbal constituents, the metabolic activities of the functional herb components (ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, poncirin, hesperidin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin) toward their bioactive compounds (compound K, crocetin, benzaldehyde, genipin, daidzein, ginsenoside Rh1, ponciretin, hesperetin, 18b-glycyrrhetic acid, and baicalein) were measured in fecal specimens. The metabolic activities of these components were $882.7{\pm}814.5$, $3,938.1{\pm}2,700.8$, $2,375.5{\pm}913.7$, $1,179.4{\pm}795.7$, $24.6{\pm}10.5$, $11.4{\pm}10.8$, $578.8{\pm}206.1$, $1,150.0{\pm}266.1$, $47.3{\pm}58.6$, and $12,253.0{\pm}6,527.6\;{\mu}mol/h/g$, respectively. No differences were found in the metabolic activities of the tested components between males and females, although these metabolic activities between individuals are extensively different. The metabolites of functional herb components showed more potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells than nonmetabolites. These findings suggest that intestinal microflora may activate the pharmacological effect of herbal food and medicines and must be the biocatalytic converter for the transformation of herbal components to bioactive compounds.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.979-985
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• 2007

Induction of growth hormone (GH) by Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), one of the most popular herbal medicine, and its major ingredients were studied in rat pituitary cells in vitro and in vivo assay. The MeOH extract and the n-hexane (HX) fraction of GR induced rat GH (rGH) release up to 1.89 times ($0.34{\pm}0.04 nM$) and 4.59 times ($0.83{\pm}0.03 nM$), compared to the basal level (p < 0.05). Among many ingredients isolated and purified from GR both glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin induced significantly rGH release compared to the control (p < 0.05). After an intravenous injection of rat growth hormone releasing hormone (rGHRH) ($10{\mu}g$/kg) as positive control, in SD rats, $T_{max}$ of plasma rGH level was 10 min, $C_{max}$ was $3.84{\pm}0.01 nM$ (n = 3), and enhanced plasma rGH level returned to the baseline in 90 min. Both $AUC_{0-90}$ (area under the curve) of plasma rGH level after HX fraction and that after rGHRH administration were increased significantly from the basal level, respectively (p < 0.01). In conclusions, HX fraction is the most active fraction of MeOH extract of GR in rGH induction.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Pyungwi-san has been used to treat the digestive system diseases, physconia, nausea, anorexia, and dyspepsia in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was optimized for simultaneous determination of the 14 marker components, spinosin, liquiritirn apioside, liquiritin, narirutin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, honokiol, atractylenolide II, magnolol, and atractylenolide I in Pyungwi-san extract. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) with maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The MS conditions were as follows: capillary voltage 3.3 kV, extractor voltage 3.0 V, RF lens voltage 0.3 V, source temperature $120^{\circ}C$, desolvation temperature $300^{\circ}C$, desolvation gas 600 L/h, cone gas 50 L/h and collision gas 0.14 mL/min. The coefficient of determination of 14 analytes was 0.9989-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all analytes were 0.04-2.56 and 0.13-7.69 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-ESI-MS/MS method, the 5 components, spinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, atractylenolide III, II, and I derived from Zizyphi Fructus and Atractylodis Rhizoma, were not detected in this extract. On the other hand, the 9 components except for the 5 components were 4.15-498.87 mg/kg in lyophilized Pyungwi-san extract. Among these components, glycyrrhizin, marker compound of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, was detected the most amount as a 498.87 mg/kg.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2016

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of the 25 marker components, including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, homogentisic acid, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, ferulic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, liquiritigenin, coumarin, cinnamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rb1, cinnamaldehyde, paeonol, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, evodiamine, rutecarpine, and spicatoside A in traditional Korean formula, Onkyung-tang. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was carried out using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive and negative modes. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. The correlation coefficient of all analytes in the test ranges was greater than 0.98. The limits of detection and quantification values of the 25 marker compounds were in the ranges 0.03-19.43 and 0.09-58.29 ng/mL, respectively. As a result, methyl gallate, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, evodiamine, and rutecarpine were not detected in this sample and the concentrations of the 21 compounds except for the above 4 compounds were $33.09-3,496.32{\mu}g/g$ in Onkyung-tang decoction. Among these compounds, paeonol was detected at the highest amount as a $3,496.32{\mu}g/g$.