• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.410-414
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate distribution of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria(LAB) and heterofermentative LAB during kimchi fermentation period. The number of heterofermentative LAB was decreased during the fermentation. The ethanol extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Sophrora flavescens AITON showed strong antimicrobial activities against both homofermentative LAB and heterofermentative LAB. The extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Curcuma longa showed stronger antimicrobial activity against hetrofermentative LAB than against homofermentative LAB. the antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against LAB were accelerated by mixing of two or three kinds.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 1995

Natural products, total number of 175, were screened to test for their effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Five of them, such as Eriobotrya japonica, Eugenia caryphyllata, Cuscuta chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Coptis chinensis were shown to be effective in inhibiting the replication of HIV-1 in tissue culture and their selectivity indexes were 42, 40, 14, 18 and 65, respectively. To further fractionate Coptis chinensis, which is shown to be highest anti-HIV-1 activity, methanol extracts of Coptis chinensis were fractionated into methylene chloride at pH3, pH10 and water residue. The selectivity Indexes of CH$_2$C1$_2$(pH 3), CH$_2$C1$_2$(pH 10) and water residue were 50, 22 and 98 respectively. Our results show that the water residue of Coptis chinensis was the most effective for anti-HIV-1 activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.166-174
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• 2015

In this study, an efficient whole cell-based biotransformation for the production of liquiritigenin was developed using Laetiporus sulphureus CS0218 as biocatalyst and aqueous extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis as co-substrate, respectively. In order to determine the efficacy of this method, the optimal bioconversion conditions including mycelial growth, three important enzyme activities (${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase), and apparent viscosity of culture broth were monitored. After optimization, aqueous extracts of G. uralensis were added to the culture medium to directly produce algycone liquiritigenin. By applying this strategy, 67.5% of liquiritin was converted to liquiritigenin at pH 3.0 after 9 days of incubation and finally liquiritigenin was purified from the reaction mixture. And then, their biological activities including anti-oxidant and superoxide dismutase were observed. In fact, purified liquiritigenin was capable of bi-directional functions (i.e., either up-regulation or down-regulation of SIRT1 which is associated with aging). The results indicate that this strategy would be beneficial to produce biologically active liquiritigenin and could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food applications.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1185-1190
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• 2008

When 10 kinds of herbal medicines were fractionated into hexane, MeOH, cold-water, and hot-water extracts, hot-water extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Cichorium intybus (CI), and Polygonatum odoratum (PO) showed the potent intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.72-, 1.62-, 1.60-, and 1.53-fold of control at $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). Especially, hot-water extracts from AS (215% compared with the control) and GU (187%) also had macrophages stimulating activity and mitogenic activity of splenocytes (7.1- and 6.5-fold) at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effects of hot-water extracts from herbal medicines on anticancer activities were studied in mice. Hot-water extracts from AS and GU enhanced cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against cancer cell, Yac-1 (37 and 34% cytotoxicity) at E/T ratio 100:1, and colon 26-M3.1 cancer cell lines had significantly inhibited (82.1 and 75.2%) in experimental lung metastasis. These results suggest that hot-water extracts from A. senticosus and G. uralensis can be used as biological response modifiers to stimulate immune system and inhibit tumor.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.322-329
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• 2019

Background: Studies have suggested that the northern provinces of Gangwon-do are good sites for licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) cultivation in Korea, as they have similar temperatures to its original locations in northern China. However, poor growth and freezing injury are often reported in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the domestic cultivation site of licorice. Methods and Results: To determine the optimum temperature for cultivating licorice, the growth, yield, and pharmacological characteristics of G. uralensis were assessed in a temperature gradient tunnel at Eumseong, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in 2017. Plant height increased until the temperature rose to $5.9^{\circ}C$ above the local external temperature. Yield (㎏/10a) increased by 46.9% when the growing temperature was $1.5^{\circ}C$ to $3.0^{\circ}C$ (T2) above the external temperature and by 72.6% when the growing temperature was $3.0^{\circ}C-4.5^{\circ}C$ (T3) above the external temperature. However, a difference of $4.5^{\circ}C-5.9^{\circ}C$ (T4) above the external temperature, decreased the yield by 9.8% compared to that at T2. The glycyrrhizin content of G. uralensis roots in each temperature band was 0.72%, 0.53%, 0.91%, and 0.84% (T1, T2, T3, T4), these differences appear to result form individual plant variation rather than growth temperature. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, we estimate that the temperature-based optimum cultivation site for G. uralensis in Korea is the south central region, rather than the northern province of Gangwon-do. Improvement in growth and yield maybe observed if the plantations in the central Jecheon (Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea) are expanded into the south central region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.128-128
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• 1997

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

In this study, antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUE) against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytcs and cell death in PC12 cells was determined. The effect of GUE on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytcs was evaluated by the comet assay, where GUE ($1-50\;{\mu}g/mL$) was a dose dependent inhibitor of DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$. The protective effect of GUE against $H_2O_2$-induced damage on PC12 cells was investigated by MTT reduction assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. A marked reduction in cell survival induced by $H_2O_2$ was significantly prevented by $1-50\;{\mu}g/mL$ of GUE. The enzyme activity of caspase-3 was elevated in $H_2O_2$-treated PC12 cells, while preincubation with GUE for 30 min inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, GUE ameliorates $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytes and has neuroprotective effect by preventing cell death in PC12 cell, suggesting that GU may be a potential candidate for novel therapeutic agents for neuronal diseases associated with oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.96-105
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• 2014

Objective : Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUF) has been used as remedy of allergic diseases for a long time in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of GUF on experimental allergic asthma mouse model using ovalbumin (OVA). Methods : BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 100 ug of OVA and 1 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate of 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. Mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA and AHR was assessed 24 hrs after the last challenge. We examined total inflammatory cell number in bronchoaveloar lavage fluid (BALF), Th2-associated cytokine productions and lung histology. Results : GUF potently inhibited the development of airway hypersensitivity and also reduced the number of BAL cells during OVA-induced allergic asthma. GUF also inhibited cytokine productions such as IL-4, IL-13 in lung tissue. Furthermore, GUF treatment inhibited allergic airway inflammation. Conclusion : These results suggest that GUF may inhibit the production of IL-4, IL-13 and infiltration of inflammatory cell and be beneficial oriental medicine for allergic asthma.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.16-25
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera Japonica-Glycyrrhiza Uralensis decoction extracts (LGE) on ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents. Methods Colitis was induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) in C57BL/6 mice. The sample mice were divided into group of four. The mice in the control group were not inflammation-induced. The control group was composed of untreated ulcerative colitis elicited mice. The mice in the experimental group were administered with Pentasa and another experimental group mice were treated with LGE after colitis elicitation. The effects on ulcerative colitis were evaluated by the morphological changes of colonic mucosa, decrease in the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$) and inflammatory cytokines (iNOS and COX-2) in the mucosa. Results LGE showed protective effects in DSS induced ulcerative colitis. LGE inhibited shortening of colon length and relieved the hemorrhagic erosion in colonic mucosa. LGE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$) and inflammatory cytokines (iNOS and COX-2). According to the GC/MS analysis, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was identified. Conclusions The result shows the clinical efficacy of LGE and demonstrates possible treatment options for ulcerative colitis. Further investigations for biological activity and chemical analysis of LGE will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1367-1372
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• 1998

The studies were carried out to investigative effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Glycyrrhiza uralensis 3% (LG) with and without dipping of salted Chinese cabbage in 1% chitosan solution(LGDC) on fermentation of kimchi at $10^{\circ}C$ during 25 days. The pH and titratable acidity of kimchi with LG and LGDC were higher and lower, respectively, than that of control. Viable cells of total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc sp. and Lactobacillus plantarum in kimchi added with LG and LGDC were shown inhibitory effect about $1.6{\sim}2.1,\;1.2{\sim}2.9,\;0.8{\sim}2.2,\;0.7{\sim}1.6$ log10 cycle, respectively. Specially Leuconostoc sp. and L. plantarum was very inhibited than in control from 0 day. The sour taste of LG and LGDC added kimchi was changed more slowly than that of control during fermentation of kimchi. But flavor, color and overall acceptability did not show significant difference(P<0.05) between treatments. The shelf-life of LGDC added kimchi was extended over 10 days compared with control.