• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

The result is the followings after investigating composition, dosage and usage of Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Samultang(四物湯), Palmultang(八物湯), Sipjeondaebotang(十全大補湯) in literature by country and Era 1. Sagunjatang has become equal to Panax ginseng(人蔘), Atractylodes japonica(白朮), Poria cocos(복령) each for 2 Jeon(錢), Glycyrrhiza uralensis(甘草) 1 jeon since the Ming Dynasty in China and it is standardized by Panax ginseng, Atractylodes japonica, Poria cocos and Glycyrrhiza uralensis each for 1 Jeon 2 Pun(分) 5 Ri(里) since Dongeuibogam in Korea. 2. Samultang has become equal to Angelica gigas(當歸) and Rehmannia glutinosa(地黃) each three Jeon, Cnidium officinale(川芎) is 1 Jeon 2 Pun or 1 jeon and Paeonia lactiflora(芎藥) 2 Jeon since the Ming Dynasty in China and it is standardized by Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Rehmannia glutinosa each for 1 Jeon 2 Pun 5 Ri since Dongeuibogam in Korea. 3. In the case of Palmultang, compositional usage of medicine was different in the Ming Dynastry and the Ching(靑) Dynastry in China. Total dosage was increased and ratio of Angelica gigas and Rehmannia glutinosa was increased comparatively in the Ching Dynasty. All prescription of medicine was consisted of 1 Jeon 2 Pun and specific dosage was presented except Euirimchwalyo(醫林撮要) that dosage was not recorded in Korea. 4. Sipjeondaebotang tended to increase total dosage in the latter part in China. Dosage was mostly used 1 Jeon thus Dongeuibogam but Bangyakhap(方藥合編) used 1 Jeon 5 Pun differentially.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

Glycyrrhizae Radix, the dried roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra or Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer(Legumino-sae), has been used as a medicine for treatment of imflammation, arthritis, respiratory ailment, skin diseases and liver problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 70% ethanol extract, 18-${\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrol and carbenoxolone disodium from Glycyrrhizae Radix on gastritis and gastric cancer. Using these materials, we tested antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, antigastritic activity for HCI-ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the pylorus ligated gastric secretion with rats, and cell viability in gastric cancer cell. 18-${\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid and carbenoxolone disodium decreased the volume of gastric secretion and acid output in pylorus ligated rats. Also, carbenoxolone disodium had a strong effect of antibacterial activity on H. pylori. In addition 18-${\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrol reduced cell viability in human gastric cancer cells(AGS and SNU638 cell) in dose-dependent manner. The reduction of total acid output and gastric secretion as well as the anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori might account for the antigastritic effects of carbenoxolone disodium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2020

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) contains several compounds that have been reported to alleviate menopausal symptoms via interacting with estrogen receptors (ERs). The compounds exist mainly in the form of glycosides, which exhibit low bioavailability and function. To bioconvert liquiritin and isoliquiritin, the major estrogenic compounds, to the corresponding deglycosylated liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, respectively, licorice was fermented with Monascus, which has been demonstrated to deglycosylate other substances. The contents of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin in Monascus-fermented licorice increased by 10.46-fold (from 38.03 μM to 379.75 μM) and 12.50-fold (from 5.53 μM to 69.14 μM), respectively, compared with their contents in non-fermented licorice. Monascus-fermented licorice exhibited 82.5% of the ERβ binding activity of that observed in the positive control (17 β-estradiol), whereas the non-fermented licorice exhibited 54.1% of the binding activity in an in vivo ER binding assay. The increase in the ERβ binding activity was associated with increases in liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin contents. Liquiritigenin acts as a selective ligand for ERβ, which alleviates menopausal symptoms with fewer side effects, such as heart disease and hypertension, compared with a ligand for ERα. In addition, Monascus-fermented licorice contained 731 mg/kg of monacolin K, one of the metabolites produced by Monascus that reduces serum cholesterol. Therefore, Monascus-fermented licorice is a promising material for the prevention and treatment of menopausal syndrome with fewer side effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 항산화 황성을 가지면서 신경세포 보호 효과를 가지고 있는 석곡, 형개, 감초 및 작약 추출물을 대상으로 GST 유도 활성 효과를 실험하였다. 그 결과, 감초 추출물이 가장 높은 GST 유도 활성을 나타내었다. 감초를 methanol, ethanol, acetone으로 분획 추출한 뒤 GST 유도 활성을 살펴본 결과, 감초의 methanol 추출물을 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 처리 시 대조구에 비해 2.23배로 가장 논은 GTS 유도환성이 나타났다. 그리고 감초의 각 추출물들은 처리 농도에서 세포의 형태학적인 변화를 유도하지 않았으며, 이는 LDH release assay 결과를 통해서도 매우 낮은 세포 독성을 확인할 수 있었다. 감초의 GST 유도 활성 물질들의 용매특성을 알아보기 위하여 methanol 추출물을 극성도에 따라 용매 분획하여 GST 유도 활성을 확인한 결과, diethyl ether층 분획물에서 가장 높은 GST 유도 활성을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1969

Antimuscarinic agent like antispasmodic actions of licorice alkaloidal fraction, obtained from the Glycyrrhiza glabra L., was compared with that of atropine quantitatively. For this purpose, the author calculated the kinetic constants and $ED_{50}$ for acetylcholine antagonism by these drugs on rat ileum and guinea-fig ileum longitudinal muscle according to Paton's theoretical equations describing the combination of an antagonist drug with its receptors. The results are as follows. 1. On rat ileum. a) Licorice alkaloidal fraction $K_1$ (association rate constant)=$4.078{\times}10^2\;(s^{-1}\;gm^{-1}\;ml)$ $K_2$ (dissociation rate constant)=$6.986{\times}10^{-4}\;(s^{-1})$ $ED_{50}(K_2/K_1)=1.772{\times}10^{-6}(gm/ml)$ b) Atropine $K_1=5.136{\times}10^6$, $K_2=7.714{\times}10^{-4}$, $ED_{50}=1.408{\times}10^{-10}$ 2. On guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle a) Licorice alkaloidal fraction $K_1=1.30{\times}10^2$, $K_2=1.25{\times}10^{-3}$ $ED_{50}=9.58{\times}10^{-6}$ b) Atropine $K_1=5.75{\times}10^6$, $K_2=1.54{\times}10^{-3}$ $ED_{50}=2.68{\times}10^{-10}$ Above results present that 1 r of licorice alkaloidal fraction has equal fotency of acetylcholine antagonism with $8.5{\times}10^{-5}r$ of atropine on rat ileum, $2.8{\times}10^{-5}r$ on guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle. This facts suggest that the site and numbers of licorice alkaloid receptors of guinea-pig ileum are different from that of rat ileum. Besides, it also gives a suggestion that licorice alkaloidal fraction may be a partial antagonist on guinea-pig ileum in this experimental conditions.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2014

국내 식물자원 및 약용식물들의 식물 생장촉진 효과를 조사하기 위하여 64종 65점의 추출물 시료를 조제하여 벼(Oryza sativa) 유묘 생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 11종 12점의 쑥(Artemisia princeps) 경엽, 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum var. maackii) 전초, 진달래(Rhododendron mucronulatum) 가지와 잎, 갈대(Phragmites communis) 줄기, 율무(Coix lacrymajobi var. mayuen) 전초, 싸리(Lespedeza bicolor) 가지와 잎, 산수국(Hydrangea serrata f. acuminata) 전초, 속단(Phlomis umbrosa) 전초, 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) 근경, 감초(G. uralensis) 경엽, 당귀(Angelica gigas) 뿌리 및 천궁(Cnidium officinale) 근경 추출물은 벼 유묘 생장을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과에 따라 상기 식물 종의 부위들은 식물 생장촉진용 농가 자가제조 액비 개발을 위한 소재로써 활용가능성이 있는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2008

감초의 에틸아세테이트 분획 중 flavonoid 지표물질인 liquiritin이 들어있는 분획 (GUE6)에 살구 및 복숭아 종자로부터 얻은 조효소액 (PDE, PAE, PPE)을 법제 처리하였다. 각 조효소액에서 ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 활성도는 아몬드 (P. dulcis) 259.6 U/g 살구 (P. persica), 복숭아 (P. persica) 조효소액의 ${\beta}-glucosidase$ 활성도가 가장 높게 관찰되었다. PDE, PAE, PPE를 이용한 발효 법제 후 liquiritigenin의 함량 비교 결과, 효소중의 ${\beta}-glucosidase$에 의해 liquiritin이 대사되어 항산화, 향군, 세포 독성 억제, 항치매, 항피부암 등 많은 약리효능을 가진 활성 물질인 liquiritigenin이 생산됨이 확인되었으며, 세효수 모두 liquiritin에 1.2배의 효소 처리 시 가장 대사가 활발한 것으로 나타나 변환을 위한 최적 농도로 결정되었다 세효소 중 특히 PPE 처리 시 liquiritin이 모두 liquiritigenin으로 변환됨으로써 liquiritin의 변환에 복숭아 종자 유래 효소가 가장 효율적인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2002

한약재 추출물로 재배한 콩나물의 무게와 길이변화 및 조단백질 함량을 조사한 결과, 한약재중에서 콩나물 무게와 길이의 증가는 대조구에 비하여 인삼 추출물이 가장 효과적이었고, 다음으로 감초가 효과적이었다. 당귀와 천궁 추출물 은 대조구와 비슷하였고, 황련 추출물은 오히려 억제되었다. 인삼과 감초의 추출물 농도는 각각 200 ppm 및 100 ppm에서 콩나물 무게와 길이의 증가에 효과적이었다. 인삼 추출물에서 콩나물의 무게는 대조구에 비하여 재배일수별로는 균 7.2%로 증가하였고, 길이는 200 ppm에서 평균 32% 신장 증가를 촉진시켰으며, 3일째에 길이가 50%로 가장 빨리 성장됨을 알 수 있었다. 조단백질 함량은 당귀 및 인삼 처리구의 경우, 재배기간에 따른 그 함량이 약간 증가하는 경향이었으며, 천궁 처리구는 고농도(300∼400 ppm)에서 4일째가 대조구에 비하여 많은 함량을 나타내었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

Through analyzing the frequencies of medicinal herb combinations in the prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)", we could understand the characteristics of prescription composition and author's medical thoughts. So we conducted this study that analyze combination of 258 medicinal herbs in 206 prescriptions, and found meaningful combinations of 700. Among these, the most meaningful combinations are the two of 8 herbs. One consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonic, the other consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Arctium lappa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonica. The former is Yeonkyo-san without Arctium lapp, the letter is Yeonkyo-san without Sojae Semen Praeparatum. It means these combinations are kind of modified Yeonkyo-san which is effective in outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify. In conclusion, prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" involve herbs mostly used to outthrust through the exterior with pungent-cool and clear heat and detoxify. Through this study, we know the author' s one of medical view points on outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2023

Glabridin is a well-known active isoflavone found in the root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) that possess a wide range of biological activity. Plant cells, hairy roots, and fungal endophytes cultures are the most important alternative methods for plant resources conservation and sustainable production of natural compounds, which has received much attention in recent decades. In the present study, an efficient culture condition was optimized for the biomass accumulation and glabridin production from fungal endophyte Aspergillus eucalypticola SBU-11AE isolated from licorice root. Type of culture medium, range of pH, and licorice root extract (as an elicitor) were tested. The results showed that the highest and lowest biomass production was observed on PCB medium (6.43 ± 0.32 g/l) and peptone malt (5.85 + 0.11 g/l), respectively. The medium culture PCB was produced the highest level of glabridin (7.26 ± 0.44 mg/l), while the lowest level (4.47 ± 0.02 mg/l) was obtained from the medium peptone malt. The highest biomass (8.51 ± 0.43 g/l) and glabridin (8.30 ± 0.51 mg/l) production were observed from the PCB medium adjusted with pH = 6, while the lowest value of both traits was obtained from the same medium with pH = 7. The highest production of total glabridin (10.85 ± 0.84 mg/l) was also obtained from the culture medium treated with 100 mg/l of the plant root extract. This information can be interestingly used for the commercialization of glabridin production for further industrial applications.