• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. Methods: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai. Results: A significant difference in IOP (mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation) was found between men and women ($14.6{\pm}2.9$ and $15.0{\pm}2.8$ mmHg, p = 0.005). A significantly elevated IOP was observed among smokers, subjects with systemic hypertension and women with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). After a univariate analysis, factors associated significantly with higher IOP were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated resting pulse rate and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). In women, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin was associated with a higher IOP. After adjusting for all variables, the elevated resting pulse rate and CCT were found to be associated with a higher IOP. Conclusions: Systemic hypertension, smoking, pulse rate and CCT were associated with elevated intraocular pressure in type 2 DM. Women with type 2 DM, especially those with CSME, were more prone to have an elevated IOP.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Internet education on plasma glucose and serum lipids in female type 2 diabetic patients. Method: Control and experimental groups were assessed by a pre-test and at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months. Fourteen patients were assigned randomly to an intervention group and 15 to a control group. Patients in the intervention group were requested to input their blood glucose levels everyday by cellular phone or wire Internet for 1 year. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c<7%). An intervention was applied to the intervention group weekly for 1 year. Optimal recommendations were sent weekly by a short message service from a cellular phone and wire Internet. Results: Patients in the intervention group had a significant mean change in HbA1c, from 7.6% at pre-test to 6.9%, at 3 months and equalized at 6.7% at 12 months. There was no significant time and group differences observed in the serum lipids. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Internet education would improve and maintain the normal range of HbA1c in female type 2 diabetic patients.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on obesity of nurse education using the short message service (SMS) of cellular phones and wire Internet. Method: Forty patients in an experimental group, which was assessed pre- and post intervention, completed this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to degree of obesity. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range. The intervention was applied weekly for 3 months. Participants were requested to input the blood glucose level everyday at http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire internet. The researcher sent optimal recommendations to each patient using SMS of cellular phones and wire Internet. The plasma glucose levels and serum lipids were measured before and after the intervention. Results: After 3 months of education, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) decreased by 1.4% in non-obese patients and 0.7% in obese patients. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased 22.6mg/dl in non-obese patients and 22.3mg/dl in obese patients. Two-hour plasma glucose (2HPG) decreased 97.0mg/dl in non-obese patients and 67.8mg/dl in obese patients. Conclusion: These results indicate that a nurse SMS intervention would improve HbAlc, FPG, and 2HPG in both non-obese and obese patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2010

This study was performed to explore the effects of the fermented functional extracts (FE) on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetes. FE were created by mixing 9 kinds of plants with sea water and then allowing the mixture to ferment for 1 year. FE were supplemented in the feed of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats at 1%, 3% and 5%. The 1% feeding group showed the lowest weight loss of the three experimental groups. The blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level were significantly decreased in the FE fed rats compared to the diabetic control (DMC) group. The lipid levels in serum were decreased in 1% and 3% FE fed rats in comparison to the DMC group, and there was no significant difference in triglyceride levels due to the FE concentration. The HDL-C level was significantly increased in rats with FE supplemented diets, compared to the DMC group. The levels of lipid peroxides in liver tissue were significantly decreased in FE fed diabetic rats, and the hepatic glycogen content was increased in rats receiving supplements. As a result of these studies, we believe 1% FE may be the optimum level for controlling blood glucose and alleviating hyperlipidemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.472-479
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of Sargassum coreanum extract (SCE) on blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance in C57BL-KsJ-db/db mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: For 6 weeks, male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were administrated SCE (0.5%, w/w), and rosiglitazone (0.005%, w/w). RESULTS: A supplement of the SCE for 6 weeks induced a significant reduction in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations, and it improved hyperinsulinemia compared to the diabetic control db/db mice. The glucokinase activity in the hepatic glucose metabolism increased in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control db/db mice. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance was lower in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice than in the diabetic control db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a supplement of the SCE lowers the blood glucose concentration by altering the hepatic glucose metabolic enzyme activities and improves insulin resistance.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six month web-based diabetic education on plasma glucose in people with diabetes. Method: A randomized design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre- and post-intervention was used. Seventeen patients were randomly assigned to a control group and 18 to an experimental group. Participants were requested to input the blood glucose level weekly to http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet for 6 months. The researcher sent optimal recommendations to each patient using the short message service (SMS) for cellular phone and wire Internet. Messages were sent weekly for 6 months. Results: Glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_1c$) decreased 1.5 percentage points at 3 months and 1.4 percentage points at 6 months compared with baseline in the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group had a decrease in 2 hours post meal glucose (2HPMG) of 94.3mg/dl at 3 months and 82.5mg/dl at 6 months compared with baseline. Conclusion: This web-based intervention using SMS for cellular phone improved HbAlc, and 2HPMG for six months in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with the goal of providing data in support of nursing interventions to improve their health. Methods: A total of 136 adolescents aged 13-18 years with type 1 diabetes completed the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II, using structured self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, $x^2$ test, and binominal logistic regression with SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. Results: The prevalence of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes was 39%. Four significant predictors of eating disorders were identified; absence of body satisfaction (odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.55~9.65), depression (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.13~7.28), female gender (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.09~6.54), and glycosylated hemoglobin type A1c levels (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.10~1.97). Conclusion: In order to prevent eating disorders among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, programs for managing adolescents' depression and improving their body satisfaction should be developed. Futhermore, more attention should be directed towards programs aiming to prevent eating disorders in female adolescents.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2019

The role of surgical intervention in patients with diabetic gastroparesis is unclear. We report a case of a 37-year-old man with a history of recurrent episodes of vomiting and long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not reveal any findings of reflux esophagitis or obstructive lesions. A gastric emptying time scan showed prolonged gastric emptying half-time (344 minutes) indicating delayed gastric emptying. Laboratory tests revealed elevated fasting serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, 12.9%) and normal fasting C-peptide and insulin levels. We performed Roux-en-Y reconstruction after subtotal gastrectomy to treat gastroparesis and improve glycemic control, and the patient showed complete resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms postoperatively. Barium swallow test and gastric emptying time scan performed at follow-up revealed regular progression of barium and normal gastric emptying. Three months postoperatively, his fasting serum glucose level was within normal limits without the administration of insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs with a reduced HbA1c level (6.9%). Long-limb Roux-en-Y reconstruction after subtotal gastrectomy may be useful to treat severe diabetic gastroparesis by improving gastric emptying and glycemic control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mulberry leaf (ML) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia, which may be related to its deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content. This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and dyslipidemic effects of rice coated with ML rich in DNJ in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: The mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): non-diabetic normal control (NC); diabetic control (DM-C), fed with 10% polished rice powder (DM-R); and fed with 10% polished rice powder coated with DNJ-rich ML (DM-DNJR). RESULTS: Supplementation with DNJR for six weeks decreased levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glycosylated hemoglobin; conversely, levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed an increase in the same treatment. In addition, weights of mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissues decreased with DNJR supplementation, when compared with diabetic control db/db mice, while maltase, lactase, and sucrase activity in the small intestine were inhibited. The anti-diabetic effects were marginally greater in the DM-DNJR group than in the DM-R group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that rice coated with ML rich in DNJ can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in db/db mice, and may prove useful for individuals with diabetes.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the concentration of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), which is an indicator in the management of accurate blood glucose level in diabetic patients, using a non-invasive optical property measurement method. To measure the optical properties of HbA1c, the optical source uses LEDs and laser diodes of 400 nm in the visible region and 1450 nm in the nearinfrared region using thermopile to detect the Raman scattering intensity. An HbA1c control solution was used. As a result, the optical properties of 5% (normal) and 9% (abnormal) HbA1c control solutions showed specificity in which the output values were reversed at 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively. This property was applied to distinguish between normal and abnormal values in diabetes. In addition, considering tissue penetration depths for non-invasive measurements, two wavelengths were determined to be effective in distinguishing the concentrations of HbA1c control solutions at 5%, 7%, and 9%.