• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.692-701
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• 2020

Centella asiatica (CA) has been widely used as herbal plants. It is a valuable resources. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physiological activities of solvent extracts from CA cultivated in Chungju, Korea (Good tiger care). After preparing water (cold-water, CA-WE; hot-water, CA-HWE) and EtOH extracts (50% EtOH, CA-50E; 70% EtOH, CA-70E), their total polyphenol, flavonoid, and triterpenoid contents, and anti-oxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activities were examined and compared. CA-70E showed the most potent anti-oxidant activity based on ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing ability assays, while CA-50E and CA-70E showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among major triterpenoid glycosides present in CA, madecassoside and asiaticoside contents were found to be the highest in CA-70E, and madecassic acid and asiatic acid were the highest in CA-50E. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, CA-70E showed the highest TNF-α inhibitory activity, although CA-50E and CA-70E similarly inhibited nitric oxide production. Ethanol extracts significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production more than water extracts using TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells, indicating its better inhibitory against skin inflammation. Therefore, Chungju-CA EtOH extract, especially 70% EtOH extract, has high physiologically active ingredients and potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting its industrial application as a functional material.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2020

While searching for useful microorganisms, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera which can be used as cosmetic materials were divided from Jeju island's traditional fermented foods. In this study, blackcurrant extract which contains a large amount of anthocyanin glycosides was fermented with S. fibuligera. HPLC analysis was performed to analyze the components of blackcurrant extract (BE) and fermented blackcurrant fruit extract (FBE). As a result, bio-conversion of delphinidin and cyanidin were able to be identified. In order to verify the anti-oxidant effect of BE and FBE, we investigated radical scavenging ability with DPPH and ABTS. In addition, to confirm anti-inflammatory effect, we investigated inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and inhibition effect of the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (iNOS, COX-2) by western blot analysis. As a result, as FBE has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we suggest that it might be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2021

Background: Results on the action of antioxidants in extracts of Equisetum hyemale stems and roots have already been reported, but the antioxidant properties have not been analyzed. Purpose: This study was to determine the molecular structure of antioxidants in substances extracted from E. hyemale stems and roots. Methods: Component analysis was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS after extraction with hot water and ethyl alcohol. Results: The HPLC chromatogram of stem and root extracts showed four significant peaks at a wavelength of 205 nm. Peak 1 at 280 nm is a typical simple phenolic type, and both peaks 2-4 near 280 nm and 370 nm are typical flavonoid glycosides. As for the antioxidant level of the extract by HPLC analysis, the sum of the peaks at 740 nm was the highest at 3,669 mAU in the 100% ethanol extract, 3,096 mAU in the 70% ethanol extract, and 2,868 mAU in the hot water extract. As a result of LC-MS analysis of the antioxidant extract, kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside with a molecular weight of 772 da at peak 3, and kaempferol-3-sophoroside-8-glucoside with a molecular weight of 788 and 772 at peak 4 was identified. Conclusions: The above results show that two types of antioxidants were identified in the antioxidant extract of E. hyemale exrtracts. Therefore, the potential as a raw material for functional cosmetics has increased.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2022

Abeliophyllum distichum (A. distichum, Korean endemic plant) is one genus and one species in the Oleaceae family. According to the color variation of petals and calyx, A. distichum is classified as A. distichum (white flower), A. distichum for. lilacinum (pink flowers), A. distichum for. eburneum (ivory flowers), and Okhwang 1 (golden flowers). In previous studies, bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer) of A. distichum have been reported. We conducted a comparison of the differences in bioactive compounds and the anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages among four flowers of A. distichum (FAD). The identification and quantification of glycosides were analyzed by HPLC/PDA and LCMS. These results were shown FAD has rutin, hirsutrin, and acteoside. Antioxidant activity of FAD significantly decreased reactive oxygen species. In addition, FAD reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, iNOS, and COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. For further study, we investigated the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In conclusion, FAD may exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammatory mediators via regulations of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, these findings suggest that FAD is a potential resource as a preventative or therapeutic agent for inflammation.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

The changes of total phenolic and isoflavone contents and antioxidant activities in of brown soymilk fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 were investigated. The brown soymilk proliferated the cell growth and reached about 11.55log cfu/g after fermentation for 60hr, while pH and titratable acidity ranged from 6.25 to 4.03 and 0.18% to 1.03%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of brown soymilk slightly increased from 2.87mg/g to 2.98mg/g after fermentation for 60hr. The levels of isoflavone-glycosides and -malonylglycosides decreased, while the isoflavone-aglycone contents increased during fermentation of brown soymilk. In particular, the isoflavone contents was 38.30㎍/g, but increased the highest value of 84.31㎍/g after fermentation for 60hr. After then, it was slightly decreased after 60hr of fermentation. In addition, the levels of daidzein, glycitein and genistein among isoflavone aglycones were 24.12㎍/g, 25.25㎍/g and 24.71 ㎍/g, after fermentation for 36hr. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and FRAP assay showed to be slightly increased during lactic acid fermentation of brown soymilk.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

The effects of fermentation on soy embryo have been investigated using lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB), Streptococcus thermophilussei (ST), and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP). As a result of the fermentation test of the isoflavone conversion by strain type, inoculation content, and fermentation time, the optimum conditions were LP bacterium, an inoculum amount of 5%, and a fermentation time of 24 hours. The composition of the isoflavone glycosides in the control was the highest in the order of glycitin> daidzin> genistin. When fermented with lactic acid bacteria, glycoside content decreased, and aglycone content increased. The order of composition was daidzein>glycitein>genistein. In the fermentation with LP bacterium, soyasaponin Ab content decreased and Ba and Bb content increased. Upon assessing the result of the experiment, it was found that the pH of the fermentation broth had a great influence in the bioconversion of isoflavone and soyasaponin. In the case of fermentation by pH 6 broth, aglycone and Bb content was the highest. The increase of aglycone content by fermentation reaction with the LP bacterium can increase the physiological activity and functionalization of soy embryo, which is a byproduct of processing.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2022

피부 노화는 피부와 피부 지지층 등의 광범위한 퇴행 과정을 말한다. 피부 노화의 원인은 흡연, 공해, 스트레스 등이 있지만, 그 중에서도 자외선(ultra violet, UV) 조사가 가장 큰 요인으로 꼽힌다. 반복적인 자외선 조사에 의해 진행되는 피부노화를 광노화라고 하며 그 가장 큰 특징으로는 콜라겐 섬유와 엘라스틴의 감소로 야기되는 주름을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주에서 채집한 바위수국의 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 및 자외선으로 인한 피부노화 예방(anti-photoaging) 효능을 확인하고, 활성물질을 분리하여 광노화 예방 효능과 그 메커니즘을 확인하였다. 실험에 사용된 바위수국은 범의귀과의 덩굴성 식물로 바위면이나 나무줄기 등에 붙어서 자라며, 한국(제주, 울릉도)과 일본에 분포한다. 바위수국 추출물과 분획물에서 총 페놀 함량. 총 플라보이드 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼소거 활성의 항산화 실험 결과, 부탄올과 에틸아세테이트 분획층에서 강력한 항산화 활성이 관찰되었다. 또한 UVA를 조사한 인간 진피 섬유아세포 (human dermal fibroblast, HDF)데 대한 콜라겐 분해효소인 matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) 생성 억제 활성을 확인한 결과, 부탄올 분획층이 세포 생장 저해 없이 가장 우수한 효능이 확인되었다. 따라서 부탄올 분획층에서 주요 성분 분리 실험을 수행하여 총 4개의 화합물을 분리하였다; Chlorogenic acid (1), Quercetin-3-O-glucosyl-(1-2)-rhamnoside (2), Quercetin-3-O-xylosyl-(1-2)-rhamnoside (3), Quercitrin (4). 분리한 4개의 물질의 MMP-1 생성 억제 활성을 비교한 결과 화합물 2가 세포독성 없이 MMP-1 생성 억제 효능이 우수하였고, 이후 화합물 2의 광노화 예방 효능과 그 메커니즘을 확인하였다. 화합물 2는 MMP-1의 생성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 procollagen type I의 생성을 증가시켰으며, MMP-1 생성에 관여하는 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) 신호전달경로를 하향 조절하며, 콜라겐 생성과 관련된 Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad 신호전달경로를 상향 조절하여 UVA에 의한 광노화 예방에 효능을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로, 바위수국은 항노화(anti-aging) 기능성 화장품 및 이너뷰티 기능성 식품 소재로 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.329-340
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• 2024

Mangiferin is a kind of natural xanthone glycosides and is known to have various pharmacological activities. However, since the beneficial efficacy of this compound has not been reported in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, this study aimed to evaluate whether mangiferin could protect human RPE ARPE-19 cells from oxidative injury mimicked by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The results showed that mangiferin attenuated H₂O₂-induced cell viability reduction and DNA damage, while inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and preserving diminished glutathione (GSH). Mangiferin also antagonized H₂O₂-induced inhibition of the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase and GSH peroxidase, which was associated with inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production. In addition, mangiferin protected ARPE-19 cells from H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, decreasing caspase-3 activation, and blocking poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Moreover, mangiferin suppressed the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, which was achieved by interfering with mitochondrial membrane disruption. Furthermore, mangiferin increased the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the inhibition of ROS production, cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of mangiferin were significantly attenuated by the HO-1 inhibitor, indicating that mangiferin promoted Nrf2-mediated HO-1 activity to prevent ARPE-19 cells from oxidative injury. The results of this study suggest that mangiferin, as an Nrf2 activator, has potent ROS scavenging activity and may have the potential to protect oxidative stress-mediated ocular diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

It has been known that Paeoniae Radix (PR) contains monoterpene glycosides showing a variety of biological activities such as anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, neuroprotective, and sedative effects. This study aimed to find the cytotoxic compounds isolated from the dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂)- and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of PR. As results, thirteen compounds (1-13) were isolated and the chemical structures were identified. In addition, the human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) was treated with isolated compounds to determine the cytotoxic effect via evaluation of cell viability. The reduction of A549 cell viability was shown as following order; gallic acid (8) > (2S)-naringenin (9) > methyl gallate (10)>6'-O-benzoylpaeoniflorin (7) > palmitic acid (3). Especially, 7 did not show the cytotoxicity in the human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The effect of 7 on the cell viabilities in A549 and MRC-5 is firstly reported in this study. Further study is required to find out the cytotoxic mechanism and the selectivity for the cancer cells of 7 in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1662-1667
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• 2011

Anthocyanins belong to a group of flavonoid compounds and are well known for their various health beneficial effects, which include antioxidative activities. Among them, the major anthocyanins isolated from seed coat of black soybean (Glycine max L.) were previously characterized as glycosides containing glucopyranose. Asthma is an allergic disease that is strongly associated with various immune cells, including basophils and mast cells. Eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells play important roles in allergic asthma through the release of inflammatory mediators such as asthma-specific T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and subsequent amplification of asthma symptoms via degranulation. Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells are the most common in vitro models for evaluating allergic reactions. In this study, we examined the effects of anthocyanin from seed coat of black soybean on antigen-stimulated degranulation and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell degranulation was evaluated by measuring the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase. ${\beta}$-Hexosaminidase release and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells was much higher upon stimulation with IgE-antigen complex than those in untreated control cells. Anthocyanins significantly suppressed IgE-antigen complex-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and inhibited IgE-antigen complex-mediated interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) production in RBL-2H3 cells. These findings suggest that anthocyanins from seed coat of black soybean effectively inhibit allergic reactions and may have beneficial effects against allergic asthma.