• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.834-839
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• 2004

In human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2) cells undergoing apoptotic death induced by ginsenos-ide Rh2, a dammarane glycoside that was isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, caspase-1 and caspase-3 were activated. The expression of Bax was increased in the cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2, whereas Bcl-2 expression was not altered. Treatment with caspase-1 inhibi-tor, Ac-YVAD-CMK, or caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, partially inhibited ginsenoside Rh2-induced cell death but almost suppressed the cleavage of the 116 kDa PARP into a 85 kDa fragment. When the levels of p53 were examined in this process, p53 accumulated rapidly in the cells treated early with ginsenoside Rh2. These results suggest that activation of caspase-1 and -3 and the up-regulation of Bax are required in order for apoptotic death of SK-N-BE(2) cells to be induced by ginsenoside Rh2, and p53 plays an important role in the pathways to promote apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2007

Paulownia coreana inner bark was collected, extracted in 70% acetone, concentrated under reduced pressure and sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc and $H_2O$, then freeze dried to give brown powders. A portion of the EtOAc soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a serious of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluting solvents. Two phenolic acid, $\rho$-courmaric acid and caffeic acid, two isomeric phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside and iso-verbascoside, and one epimeric phenylpropanoid glycoside, cistanoside F, were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis such as NMR and MS.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.224-227
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• 2000

As part of study of the constituents of bamboo grasses, the leaves of Sasa borealis (Hackel) Makino (Gramineae) were examined. Friedelin, glutinol, isoorientin and isovitexin have been reported as constituents of bamboo grasses. In this study, tricin and two flavone glycosides, tricin $7-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ and luteolin $6-C-{\alpha}-L-arabinopyranoside$ have been isolated from EtOAc extract of S. borealis, by consecutive silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and a repetitive HPLC. The structures of these compounds were determined by IR, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^{13}C-^1H\;COSY,\;^1H-^1H\;COSY,\;HMBC$ and Mass spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 1980

Water fractions prepared from Plantaginis Semen and Plantaginis Folium exhibited both significant liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ intoxication. Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside. isolated from both leaves and seeds of Plantago asiatica(Plantaginaceae) also showed potent liver protective activities against the animal model of hepatitis induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 1991

Liver protective effects of ginsenosides as well as fractions of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng were studied using galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Preventing effects on GalN-induced hepatotoxicity were found both microscopic observation and determination of GPT level with total dammarane glycosides fraction and $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$ as well as $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg_1$ at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. The syntheses of both protein and RNA were significantly increased by the treatment of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of total dammarane glycoside fraction, $20(S)-ginsenoside-Rb_1$, -Rc, -Re and $-Rg_1$, respectively in both normal and GalN-induced cytotoxic hepatocytes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.174-176
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• 1988

From the stem barks of Tilia mandsurica, fraxin ( I ) and 1, 10-decanedicarboxylate ( II ) were isolated and characterized by spectral data. 1, 10-decanedicarboxylate was the first isolation from Tilia plants.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.106-111
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• 1982

Melampyrum roseum Max. is an annual herb in Scrophulariaceae plants. The materials were collected in Kyeongi-Do in 1980. The BuOH extract was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed over silica gel with benzene-MeOH (8 : 1) as an eluent and it gave the amorphus powder. Compound I has a molecular formula $C_{17}H_{26}O_{10}$ and it was identified as mussaenoside by chemical data, UV, IR, NMR spectra and compared with the authentic sample of mussaenoside tetraacetate.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.731-736
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• 2010

Several new 5-aryl-3-($\beta$-D-glucopyranosylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles have been synthesized. The structures of these new compounds were confirmed by $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and elemental analyses.The antibacterial activities of the compounds were also evaluated.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 1994

As the continued studies for Korean cultivated rhubarb, MeOH extract of the leaves was fractionated with ether, ethylacetate, and n-butanol. From the ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH extract, one flavone glycoside, apigenin-8-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(vitexin, $C_{21}H_{20}O_{10}$) and from the n-BuOH fraction of MeOH extract, two flavonol glycosids, kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-rhamnopyranosyl)-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside$(C_{33}H_{40}O_{19})$and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside(rutin, $C_{27}H_{30}O_{16}$) were isolated and identified through the physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic evidences(UV, IR, NMR, Mass) respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 1991

From the roots of Rubus parvifolius L., four triterpenoidal sapogenins, ursolic acid 1. $2\alpha$-hydroxyursolic acid 2. causapic acid 3. $2\alpha$, $3\beta$, $19\alpha$-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23.28-dioic acid 4 and one triterpenoidal glycoside. suavissimoside $R_1$ 5. were isolated. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. Compound 4 was first isolated as free form.