• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2009

The beneficial effect of glycerol as a cryoprotectant, especially for sperm cryopreservation, has been shown in many studies. However, glycerol is toxic to living cells, and boar sperm in particular show greater sensitivity to glycerol than sperm from other domestic animals. Amides have been studied as alternative cryoprotectants for freezing stallion sperm. Sperm frozen in methylformamide or dimethylformamide as cryoprotectants show similar motility when thawed compared with sperm frozen in glycerol. We evaluated the cryoprotective effects of dimethylformamide on boar sperm freezing. To test the effect of amides, the concentration of boar semen was adjusted to $10^9sperm/mL$, and seminal plasma was removed using Hulsen solution. After centrifugation, the pellet was diluted in modified-Modena B extender. Lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extender was used as the cooling extender. The freezing extender was madeed aaddition of the optimal amount of glycerol and amides to LEY-Glycerol-Orvus ES Paste extender, and this extender was used for the second dilution. Diluted sperm were frozen in liquid nitrogen using the 0.5 mL straw method. Sperm frozen in extender with glycerol as a cderol were compared with those frozen in extender including the different amides. Sperm were tested for motility, viability, the sperm chromatin structure assay, and normal apical ridge after thawing. The percent of motile sperm diluted in glycerol was as high as that in the stallion study (61%). Dimethylformamide showed positive effects on sperm quality and was better than glycerol. Methylformamide provided similar sperm quality as glycerol. Therefore, dimethylformamide is useful for reducing cryoinjury in boar sperm and is expected to be useful as an alternative cryoprotectant.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2012

Miniature pig sperm cryopreservation is continually researched in biotechnology for breed conservation and reproduction. It is important to control the temperature at each stage of cryopreservation and cryoprotectant. It is also necessary to find the optimal cryoprotectant concentration and chemical elements of the extender. Recently, many studies have used various cryoprotectant materials, such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), antifreeze protein (AFP), amides, and glycerol. Glycerol is a commonly used cryoprotectant. However, glycerol has critical cytotoxic properties, including osmotic pressure and it can cause irreversible damage to live cells. Therefore, We focused on membrane fluidity modifications can reduce cell damage from freezing and thawing procedures and evaluated on the positive effects of trehalose to the viability, chromatin integrity, and motility of boar sperm. Miniature pig sperm was separated from semen by washing with modified- Modena B (mMB) extender. After centrifugation, the pellet was diluted with the prepared first extender. This experiment was designed to compare the effects that sperm cryopreservation using two different extenders has on sperm chromatin. The control group used the glycerol only and it was compared with the glycerol and glycerol plus trehalose extender. Sperm viability and motility were evaluated using WST1 assays and computer-assisted semen assays (CASA). Chromatin structure was examined using acridine orange staining. For the motility descriptors, trehalose caused a significant (p<0.01) increase in total motility ($57.80{\pm}4.60%$ in glycerol vs. $75.50{\pm}6.14%$ in glycerol + trehalose) and progressive ($51.20{\pm}5.45%$ in glycerol vs. $70.74{\pm}8.06%$ in glycerol + trehalose). A significant (p<0.05) increase in VAP ($42.70{\pm}5.73{\mu}m/s$ vs. $59.65{\pm}9.47{\mu}m/s$), VSL ($23.06{\pm}3.27{\mu}m/s$ vs. $34.60{\pm}6.58{\mu}m/s$), VCL ($75.36{\pm}11.36{\mu}m/s$ vs. $99.55{\pm}12.91{\mu}m/s$), STR ($54.4{\pm}2.19%$ vs. $58.0{\pm}1.63%$), and LIN ($32.2{\pm}2.05%$ vs. $36.0{\pm}2.45%$) were also detected, respectively. The sperm DNA fragmentation index was 48.8% to glycerol only and 30.6% to glycerol plus trehalose. Trehalose added group showed higher percentages of sperm motility, stability of chromatin structure than glycerol only. In this study, we suggest that trehalose is effective in reducing freezing damage to miniature pig sperm and can reduce chromatin damage during cryopreservation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2000

목적 : Rhabdomyolysis에 의해 유발된 급성 신부전시 나타나는 신장세뇨관 세포에서 물질이동의 저해가 단삼 추출액에 의해 방지될 수 있는 지를 조사하였다. 방법 : 토끼에 50％ glycerol을 10ml/kg씩 대퇴근육내 주사한 후 뇨와 혈액을 채취하여 신기능을 측정하고, 신피질 절편을 분리하여 실험하였다. 결과： 토끼에 50％ glycerol을 10ml/kg씩 대퇴근육내 주사한 결과 사구체여과율의 감소와 Na 배설분율의 증가가 나타남으로서 glycerol 주입이 rhabdomyolysis에 의해 급성신부전이 유발되었음을 보였다. Glycerol을 주사하기 전 7일 동안 단삼 추출액 (0.05%)을 0.3 g/kg씩 경구 투여한 결과 glycerol에 의해 유발된 사구체여파율의 감소와 Na 배설분율의 증가가 유의하게 방지되었다. glycerol만을 주사한 동물에서는 포도당과 인산의 요배설분율이 각각 현저하게 증가하였으나, 이러한 증가는 단삼 추출액에 의해 억제되었다. 급성신부전이 유발된 신장피질에서 분리한 brush-border membrane vescicles (BBMV)에서 포도당과 인산의 이동은 정상 신장과 비교하여 유의한 감소가 나타나고, microsomal fraction에서 측정한 Na＋-K+-ATPase 활성도 억제되었다. 이러한 억제현상은 단삼 추출액을 전처치한 결과 방지되었다. 급성신부전이 유발된 신장피질 절편에서 유기 음이온인 P-aminohippurate 이동과 유기 양이온인 tetraethylammonium의 이동이 억제되었고, 이러한 변화는 단삼 추출액에 의해 방지되었다. Rhabdomyolysis에 의해 유발된 포도당과 인산의 배설분율의 증가는 항산화제로 잘 알려진 DPPD 전처치로 방지되었다. 결론 ： Rhabdomyolysis에 의한 급성신부전의 유발 과정에 반응성 산소기가 중요한 역할을 할 가능성을 보이고 있고, 단삼 추출액 전처치는 Rhabdomyolysis에 의한 급성 신부전시 나타나는 근위세뇨관에서 물질의 재흡수 장애를 방지하고 있다. 단삼 추출액의 방지 효과는 항산화작용에 기인할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

본 연구는 수분 및 글리세를 섭취가 renin activity, 직장온도, 혈중 전해질 농도에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보기 위해 수분 섭취 그룹과 글리세롤 섭취 그룹으로 나누어 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. renin activity의 경우, 안정시와 비교하여 운동 후 40분에 수분 섭취 그룹과 글리세를 섭취 그룹에서 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<0.01). Osmolality의 경우, 수분 섭취 그룹에서 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 글리세를 섭취그룹에서는 안정 시와 비교하여 운동 후 40분에 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 직장온도의 경우, 수분 섭취 그룹과 글리세를 섭취 그룹 모두 운동 시간에 따라 점진적으로 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. Na과 K의 경우, 수분 섭취 그룹에서 차이를 보이지 않았으나 글리세를 섭취 그룹에서 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). Ca과 Mg의 경우, 두 그룹 모두 그룹과 운동시기 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2014

In this study, crude glycerol was used as a carbon source in the cultivation of wild yeasts, aiming at the production of microbial lipids and citric acid. Forty yeasts of different sources were tested concerning their growth in crude and commercial glycerol. Four yeasts (Lindnera saturnus UFLA CES-Y677, Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4, Rhodotorula glutinis NCYC 2439, and Cryptococcus curvatus NCYC 476) were then selected owing to their ability to grow in pure ($OD_{600}$ 2.133, 1.633, 2.055, and 2.049, respectively) and crude ($OD_{600}$ 2.354, 1.753, 2.316, and 2.281, respectively) glycerol (10%, 20%, and 30%). Y. lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 was selected for its ability to maintain cell viability in concentrations of 30% of crude glycerol, and high glycerol intake (18.907 g/l). This yeast was submitted to lipid production in 30 g/l of crude glycerol, and therefore obtained 63.4% of microbial lipids. In the fatty acid profile, there was a predominance of stearic (C18:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids in the concentrations of 87.64% and 74.67%, respectively. We also performed optimization of the parameters for the production of citric acid, which yielded a production of 0.19 g/l of citric acid in optimum conditions (38.4 g/l of crude glycerol, agitation of 184 rpm, and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$). Yarrowia lipolytica UFLA CM-Y9.4 presented good lipid production when in the concentration of 30 g/l of glycerol. These data may be used for production in large quantities for the application of industrial biodiesel.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2003

The modification of CYP2E1 activity is of considerable interest because of its role in the metabolic activation of a variety of toxic chemicals. In the present studies, the time-course of changes in human CYP2E1 activities was determined after treatment with ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid using intact HepG2 cells transfected by human CYP2E1. Hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone was chosen for the measurement of CYP2E1 activity. CYP2E1 protein levels were increased upon cultivation of cells in the presence of ethanol, glycerol, 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid for 24 hr. After 24 hr cultivation, ethanol or glycerol increased CYP2E1 activities, whereas 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid inhibited. This different effect of the chemical inducers on CYP2E1 activi-ties persisted to subsequent 24 hr. Competitive inhibition study suggested that 4-methylpyrazole or isoniazid has stronger binding affinity to CYP2E1 than ethanol or glycerol. These results demonstrate that different binding affinity of the chemical inducers to the active site of CYP2E1 plays important role in determining real CYP2E1 activity in intact cells after treatment with the chemical inducers. Present study would be helpful in precise understanding of human CYP2E1-mediated toxicity.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2005

1. Objective : The present author have examined the comparative effects of Hyeongbangjihwang-tang and Sibimikwanjung-tang in glycerol-induced acute renal failure, a model for myoglobinuric acute renal failure. 2. Methods : Above two prescriptions were applied to rat ad libitum and serum level of creatinine, glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured. And serum level of $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$, too. 50%(vol/vol) glycerol at a dose of 10 ml/kg of rat body weight intramuscularly and 1% concentration of prescriptions were applied to rats for 7 days ad libitum. 3. Results : Serum level of creatinine and $K^+$ significantly increased by glycerol injection, and these showed pre-renal and renal cause of acute renal failure. Hyeongbangjihwang-tang administered group showed decreasing tendency on serum level of creatinine when compared with control groups, but not significant. Sibimikwanjung-tang administered group showed significant increase of serum level of BUN when compared with control groups. 4. Conclusions : Above two prescriptions showed no significant changes on glycerol induced acute renal failure, but Hyeongbangjihwang-tang and Sibimikwanjung-tang showed a little different manner of response.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1455-1460
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• 2000

Chinese-style pork jerky with different levels (3, 6 and 9%) of glycerol or sorbitol were prepared. Moisture content, water activity ($a_w$) and shear value decreased with the addition of glycerol or sorbitol. During storage at $28^{\circ}C$ thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of all samples declined with the addition of glycerol or sorbitol during storage time. After storage at room temperature ($28^{\circ}C$) for 180 days, the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) of all treated products were less than the control group. In addition, the mold and yeast growth were inhibited slightly with the addition of glycerol or sorbitol. The absorption isotherm of pork jerky with different levels of glycerol at $25^{\circ}C$ had an aw above 0.75, and moisture contents at 6 and 9% which were higher than the control group. The moisture content was less than the control group with the addition of sorbitol. The chewiness desirability score of pork jerky with 6% glycerol was higher than the other treatments. However, no differences in hardness desirability score due to treatments were detected by sensory panelists.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.3163-3168
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• 2014

Three kinds of lanthanum oxides ($La_2CO_3$) were synthesized from different methods and used as a catalyst in the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with glycerol for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GLC). Lanthanum oxide synthesized using a surfactant (S-La) showed a much higher GLC yield of 89.9% compared to other lanthanum oxides synthesized by calcination (C-La) and precipitation (P-La) at the reaction conditions of $90^{\circ}C$, DMC/glycerol = 2, and catalyst/glycerol = 5 wt %. The best catalyst was obtained when the surfactant/La weight ratio was 12. XRD study revealed that S-La has large amount of monoclinic and hexagonal $La_2O_2CO_3$ phases, which are assumed as active sites of the catalyst for the reaction.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Pretreatment of wastepaper using aqueous glycerol under high pressure was studied to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis. The pretreatment was conducted over a wide range of conditions including temperatures of $150{\sim}170^{\circ}C$, sulfuric acid concentrations of 0.5~1.5%, and reaction times of 30~90 minutes. After the effect of glycerol concentration on the pretreatment performance was investigated, 70% glycerol was selected. As glycerol concentration was increased, higher digestibility was achieved due to higher lignin removal. The optimum condition was found to be around $160^{\circ}C$, 1%, and 60 minutes. At this condition, 60% and 35% of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, were removed, while only 5% of cellulose was lost. The enzymatic digestibility was 76%, meaning that 73% of the glucan present in the initial substrate was recovered as glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis. Also, it was found that the temperature and acid concentration than the reaction time were more strongly related to the compositional removals and enzymatic digestibility.