• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 2012

Recent studies have reported that the glycemic index (GI) has an effect on developing the risk for metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. As there are no reliable GI values for common Korean foods, only a few studies have been carried out using the dietary GI for Korean adults. The aim of this study was to establish a table of GI values for common Korean foods and evaluate dietary glycemic index (DGI) and dietary glycemic load (DGL) among the Korean adult population. International tables of GI values and other published values were used to tabulate GI values for common Korean foods. Among 653 food items, 149 (22.8%) were adapted from published data, 60 (9.2%) were imputed from similar foods, and 444 (68.0%) were assigned a zero. Data from 7,940 subjects aged 20 years and older in the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were obtained, and DGI and DGL were calculated. The average DGI was 60.0 and the average DGL was 182.5 when the reference food GI value was glucose. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, DGI and DGL increased significantly according to age group (p for trend < 0.001). The food group that contributed most to DGL was grain and its products supplying 85.3% of total DGL, whereas the mean GI value in grain and its products was 72.6. Fruits and potatoes also contributed to DGL (5.8 and 2.9%, respectively), and their GIs were high (67.7 for potatoes and 45.8 for fruits). For individual food items, white rice supplied 66.7% of total GI followed by glutinous rice (2.3%) and steamed white rice cakes (2.0%). In conclusion, a table of GI values for 653 common food items was established in which white rice was the most contributing item to DGL. Our results will be useful to examine the relationships between DGI, DGL, and metabolic abnormalities in the Korean population.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2005

During last few decades dietary guidelines for the weight management mainly have focused on a low-fat, high carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrate was supposed to be low-dense, highly satiating as well as it affects little on the lipogenesis. Although low-fat diet has significant weight-reducing effect, the loss was modest and usually regained after cessation of the diet. Furthermore, low-fat, modest-carbohydrate diet did not impact on the ever increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Alternative approaches include low-carbohydrate diet, high-carbohydrate diet and low-glycemic index diet. Although none of above mentioned diet have sufficient evidence for standard weight management diet, short-term efficacy and safety are being approved continuously. Low-carbohydrate diet contains less than 45% of carbohydrate in daily energy consumption, it is claimed to have more satiating effect and to improve metabolism. However, low compliance due to the limitation of food choice should be considered on prescribing the diet. High-carbohydrate which contains 90% of carbohydrate in total daily energy consumption, is effective in providing satiety and lowering total calorie intake and cholesterol. On the other hand, nutritional unbalance should be took into account. Low-glycemic index diet is based on the theory that contemporary diet contains significantly less fiber and unrefined carbohydrate, therefore insulin secretion is disturbed. Because low glycemic index food slowly increase blood glucose and insulin level, it induces much satiating effect and may decrease calorie ultimate intake. However, poor standardization of glycemic index is one of the main obstacle for the diet to be applied in the clinic. Meanwhile, high fructose food and beverage should be discouraged because it has little satiating effect and may cause insulin resistance. High fiber food is another recommendation for healthy, lean diet.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors related to glycemic control in men with diabetes. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 2008 collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test. Results: There was a difference in glycemic control according to the individual factor of economic status. Differences in glycemic control according to health related factors were as follows: fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, sleep duration, experience of depression and suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: The results of this study will contribute to improvements in management for men with diabetes through comprehensive identification of factors related to glycemic control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2013

Although several studies have assessed the influence of the glycemic index on body weight and blood pressure among adults, limited evidence exists for the pediatric age population. In the current study, we compared the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) diet to the healthy nutritional recommendation (HNR)-based diet on obesity and blood pressure among adolescent girls in pubertal ages. This 10-week parallel randomized clinical trial comprised of 50 overweight or obese and sexually mature girls less than 18 years of age years, who were randomly assigned to LGI or HNR-based diet. Macronutrient distribution was equivalently prescribed in both groups. Blood pressure, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after intervention. Of the 50 participants, 41 subjects (include 82%) completed the study. The GI of the diet in the LGI group was $42.67{\pm}0.067$. A within-group analysis illustrated that in comparison to the baseline values, the body weight and body mass index (not waist circumference and blood pressure) decreased significantly after the intervention in both groups (P = 0.0001). The percent changes of the body weight status, waist circumference and blood pressure were compared between the two groups and the findings did not show any difference between the LGI diet consumers and those in the HNR group. In comparison to the HNR, LGI diet could not change the weight and blood pressure following a 10-week intervention. Further longitudinal studies with a long-term follow up should be conducted in this regard.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

Recent trial results suggest that the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet is beneficial in the prevention of high blood glucose levels. Identifying active hypoglycemic substances in ordinary foods could be a significant benefit to the management of blood glucose. It has been hypothesized that noodles with Bombyx mori powder are a low GI food. We evaluated GI and changes in postprandial glucose levels following consumption of those noodles and compared them with those following consumption of plain wheat flour noodles (control) and glucose (reference) in healthy subjects. Thirteen males (age: $34.2{\pm}4.5years$, body mass index: $23.2{\pm}1.1kg/m^2$) consumed 75 g carbohydrate portions of glucose and the 2 kinds of noodle after an overnight fast. Capillary blood was measured at time 0 (fasting), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min from the start of each food intake. The GI values were calculated by taking the ratio of the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (IAUC) for the noodles and glucose. There was a significant difference in postprandial glucose concentrations at 30 and 45 min between the control noodles and the noodles with Bombyx mori powder: the IAUC and GI for the noodles with Bombyx mori powder were significantly lower than those for glucose and plain wheat flour noodles. The wheat flour noodles with Bombyx mori powder could help prevent an increase in postprandial glucose response and possibly provide an alternative to other carbohydrate staple foods for glycemic management.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.398-406
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• 2015

본 연구는 8주 동안 건강한 성인남녀를 대상으로 설탕과 자일로 올리고당 함유비율이 다른 설탕 2종의 혈당 반응을 통한 GI를 비교하여 혈당 저하 효과를 확인하였다. 설탕의 GI는 68.9로 기존의 선행연구에서의 GI와 유사하였다. Xylo 7 (Xylooligosaccaride X2~X7 7% 함유), Xylo 10 (Xylooligosaccaride X2~X7 10% 함유)은 포도당이나 설탕에 비해 섭취 후 최대 혈당 상승량이 낮았으며, Xylo 7과 Xylo 10은 통계적으로 유의하게 최대 혈당 상승량이 적었다. Xylo 7와 Xylo 10의 GI는 각각 54.7, 52.5으로 모두 저GI식품에 해당하여 일반 설탕과 비교하여 혈당상승을 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한 체지방률이 높을수록 Xylo 10의 섭취는 GI를 더 낮추는 경향이었다. 따라서 자일로올리고당 유효성분 X2~X7을 함유한 설탕은 혈당상승을 억제하는 건강 기능성을 갖춘 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 2004

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1170-1179
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine blood glucose responses to some cereals produced in Korea. The levels of blood glucose were measured over 2 hours after feeding healthy vounteers with 50g carbohydrate portions. The glycemic index(GI)k and glycemic index-rice(GI-rice) of a food has been defined as : GI=mean of (blood glucose response area of test food/ blood glucose response area of glucose taken by the same indicidual) $\times$100 and GI-rice=mean of (blood glucose response area of test food/blood glucose response area of rice taken by the same individual) $\times$100. The area under the curve is taken to be the area above the fasting value calculated geometrically from blood glucose increments. The GI of barely to glucose as the standard(57$\pm$7) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of other cereals whereas the GI of glutinous rice (110$\pm$8) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other those of cereals. The GI values to rice as the standard were 63 $\pm$6 for barley, 79$\pm$5 for buckwheat, 85$\pm$6 for foxtail millet, 90$\pm$12 for unpolished rice, 100$\pm$0 for rice, 102$\pm$7 for glutinous rice, 106 $\pm$6 for unpolished glutinous rice, 115$\pm$13 for glutinous millet, 116$\pm$13 fro job's tear, and 122 $\pm$ 4 glutinous sorghum. The mean GI-rice was identical to the mean of the adjusted GI values, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.964(p<0.0001). This finding suggests that white rice could be used as standard food for the determination of GI.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2013

The emerging role of endothelial inflammation in diabetes has stimulated research interest in the effects of nutrition on related indices. In the current study we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in glycemic index (GI) may be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects. A double-blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in non-diabetic subjects (n = 8/group). Each subject consumed three types of diabetes-specific dietary formulas (high-fiber formula [FF], high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) formula [MF] and control formula [CF]) standardized to 50 g of available carbohydrates with a 1-week interval between each. The mean glycemic index (GI) was calculated and 3-hour postprandial responses of insulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrotyrosine (NT) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The MF showed the lowest mean GI and significantly low area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.038), but significantly high AUCs for sICAM-1 (P<0.001) and FFA (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and FF. The FF showed intermediate mean GI, but significantly low AUC for NT (P<0.001) as compared to the CF and MF. The mean GI was not positively correlated to any of the inflammatory markers evaluated, and in fact negatively correlated to changes in FFA (r = -0.473, P = 0.006). While the MF with the lowest GI showed the highest values in most of the inflammatory markers measured, the FF with intermediate GI had a modest beneficial effect on endothelial inflammation. These results suggest that nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in the GI may differently influence acute postprandial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

연구목적 : 우울증상은 여성에게 흔하며 적절한 혈당 조절은 당뇨병 치료에 있어 매우 중요하다. 당뇨병 환자에서 우울증은 상대적으로 흔히 발견된다. 그러나 아직 우울증과 혈당조절의 상호관계에 대해서는 명확히 밝혀진 바가 없다. 본 연구는 한국 여성 당뇨병 환자의 혈당 조절과 우울증상 사이의 상호관계를 평가하려 한다. 방법: 여성 당뇨병 환자 216명을 포함한 연구 대상자 4,567명을 대상으로 Beck 우울 척도와 장기 혈당조절 지표인 $HbA_{1c}$ 수치를 측정하여 우울증과 혈당조절간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 공복 혈당 수치와 비만도 지표인 체질량지수도 함께 측정하여 분석하였다. 임상적으로 우울증을 의심할 수 있는 분할점은 16점으로 하였다. 결과: 당뇨병 보유 여성군에서 우울 여성군이 유의미하게 많았고(P<0.001), Beck우울 척도 평균치도 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 우울 여성군에서 $HbA_{1c}$, 평균치 (p<0.01)와 공복 혈당 평균치 (p<0.05)가 유의미하게 높았고, 혈당 조절의 장애가 심할 수록 우울 여성군의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p=0.001). 결론: 본 연구는 한국 여성에서 우울증상과 당뇨병 및 혈당 조절간 연관성이 존재함을 지지하는 결과를 보였다. 향후 종적 연구를 통한 우울장애와 당뇨병간 상호작용에 대한 원인-결과론적 이해가 요구된다.