• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 1996

To utilize collagen as an implantable biomateriall the mcct widely used bovine skin origin Type I collagen was investigated Pepsin treated, Type I atelocollagen was extracted and crosslinked by the ultraviolet(W) ray with wavelength of 254nm or by various concentrations of glutaraldehyde to produce collagen membranes. The crosslink rates of the specimens were observed by a polarized light microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a Fourier transform infrared (FT-lR) spectrometer. The followings are concluded 1. The collagen membranes produced by both 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and 254nm UV ray irra- diation demonstrated similar morphologies on polarized light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic views. 2. The chemical structures of the crosslinked membranes by glutaraldehyde over 2.5% in concentrations revealed similar intensities to that of the UV ray irradiated one in FT-lR investigation. 3. To obtain optimal croulink in bovine stalin origin Type I atelocollagen, 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution or UV ray irradiation with 254nm wavelength is acceptable.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.76-78
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• 1982

Ethanolic tetracarbonylhydridoferrate solution combined with glutaraldehyde is a very effective reducing agent for the selective transformation of two moles of secondary amines into pentane-1,5-diamine derivatives. A variety of aliphatic secondary amines react with ferrate-glutaraldehyde at room temperature under carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-substituted pentane-1,5-diamines in reasonable yields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.696-699
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• 1998

Biological oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose using permeated and immobilized cells of Gluconobacter suboxydans was carried out to investigate the optimum reaction condition. The stabilization effect of cross-linking agents such as glutaraldehyde, tannic acid, and polyethylene imine to prevent the leakage of enzymes from beads containing permeated and immobilized cells of G. suboxydans was examined by the production of L-sorbose from the mixture of D-sorbitol and gluconic acid. The protein concentration effused from immobilized beads treated with only glutaraldehyde was $5.2\mug/m\ell$ after 20 h. The beads of G. suboxydans immobilized with alginate and cross-linked with 0.3% glutaraldehyde was the most useful for the oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.487-490
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• 2002

A 60-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea. In the past history, she had received tracheal diversion due to recurrent aspiration after brain surgery and tracheostomy. Emergency three dimensional spiral tracheal computed tomograhpy revealed distal tracheal stenosis. The operation was performed by anterior tracheoplasty using glutaraldehyde-soaked autologous pericardium through median sternotomy. Herein we report a case of anterior tracheoplasty using glutaraldehyde-soaked autologous pericardium.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1192-1196
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• 2001

A diaphorase enzyme electrode for the catalytic reduction of NAD+ , the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, has been prepared. The enzyme layer grew spontaneously over an aminoethanethiol self assembled monolayer on a go ld plate electrode. The growth was accomplished by simply dipping the electrode covered by the aminoethanethiol monolayer into a solution containing both glutaraldehyde and diaphorase. We suggested that the glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking reagent was attached to the amino groups of the aminoethanethiol monolayer and the diaphorase enzyme molecules were bound to free aldehyde groups of the glutaraldehyde. Further attachments of the enzyme molecules over the bound enzyme molecules continued with the bridging of the glutaraldehyde. In frequency measurements with a quartz crystal microbalance, the frequency decrease was much more than it was for that of the enzyme monolayer formation, and an enzyme layer thicker than a monolayer was formed. The modified electrode was employed to reduce NAD+ , using diffusional methyl viologen as an electron transfer mediator. The NAD+ was electrocatalytically reduced, and the catalytic current was almost equivalent to that with the multilayered electrode of ten enzyme layers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-207
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• 2011

Background: In cardiac surgery, especially in the reconstruction of vascular structures and intracardiac defects, glutaraldehyde has usually been used as the reagent for fixing porcine or bovine pericardial tissues. But the well-known problem of calcification or cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde motivates the search for a replacement. The aim of this study is to investigate the physical, mechanical, and biochemical characteristics of bovine pericardial tissues fixed with genipin, which is known to be a less toxic and more natural fixing reagent. Materials and Methods: Bovine pericardial tissues were fixed with different concentrations and conditions of glutaraldehyde and genipin. To determine the physical, mechanical, and biochemical differences among different concentrations and conditions, we divided the tissue into 18 groups by concentration, the addition of organic solvents, and the timing of adding the organic solvents, and compared the characteristics of each group. Results: Tensile strength, physical activity, and thermal stability tests revealed that the tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde were better with regard to mechanical strength and biochemical durability. However, the difference was not significant statistically. Conclusion: Genipin can be used as an alternative crosslinking agent for pericardial tissue, considering given its physical, mechanical, biochemical characteristics and low cytotoxicity comparable to glutaraldehyde. However, further studies are needed on the immune reaction and the long term changes in genipin-fixed tissues in the human body.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.812-816
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• 1990

This study describes the sorbitol production with permeabilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis immobilized in Ca-alginate. Toluene treated cells lose activity of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase due to the leaking of enzyme from the cells. To prevent this leakage, the permeabilized cells were treated with 0.25% glutaraldehyde by stirring for 1 h at room temperature. A continuous process with glutaraldehyde treated cells was developed and no significant reduction in the degree of conversion occurred during 210 h operation. The productivities were estimated to be about $7.2{\sim}7.5\;g/l-h$ for sorbitol at dilution rate $0.18\;h^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.584-590
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• 2011

This study aimed to demonstrate the bioadhesive characteristics of gelatin biofilm to rat skin. The biofilm was manufactured from gelatin extracted from the acetic acid treated-skin of the yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares. The bioadhesive strength of tuna gelatin biofilm was compared to that of porcine gelatin biofilm. The tuna gelatin biofilm exhibited a higher bioadhesive strength than the porcine gelatin biofilm. Gelatin biofilm was subjected to glutaraldehyde treatment at different concentrations, temperatures and pH in order to improve its bioadhesive strength. Glutaraldehyde treatment improved the bioadhesive strength of gelatin biofilm up to three-fold. The bioadhesive strength of glutaraldehyde treated-biofilm was significantly decreased by application of sodium borohydride.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1990

$\beta$-glucosidase derived from Aspergillus niger was immobilized by (1) covalent linkage on chitin and chitosan with glutaraldehyde, (2) adsorption on DEAE-cellulose and Amberite IRA93 after succinylation, and (3) entrapment on alginate and polyacrylamide gels with various cross linking agents. The retention yield of $\beta$-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan was 31.5% and operational stability was 69% after continuous operation at column reactor(5$0^{\circ}C$ at pH 4.8) for 15 days. The retention yield and operational stability were 24.7% and 60% respectively, in adsorption on Amberite IRA 93. On the other hand, the entrapment method by alginate and polyacrylamide gel was identified to be not appropriate due to the continuous elution of inlmobilized $\beta$-glucosidase. Optimum conditions for the immobilization on chitosan were also studied with optimum pH of 4.8 and glutaraldehyde concentration of 0.4%(w/v). The properties and stability of immobilized $\beta$-glucosidase are also investigted. The conversion yield of cellobiose to glucose was also analyzed using the column type enzyme reactor to evaluate the effectiveness of immobilized enzyme.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.520-524
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• 2006

Ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule, a solid form of microcapsules simultaneously containing ethanol and ibuprofen in water-soluble gelatin shell was previously reported to improve the dissolution of drug. In this study, to retard the initial high dissolution of ibuprofen from gelatin microcapsule, the ibuprofen-loaded cross-linked gelatin microcapsule was prepared by treating an ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde and its dissolution was evaluated compared to ibuprofen powder and gelatin microcapsule. The ibuprofen-loaded crosslinked microcapsule treated with glutaraldehyde for 10 and 60 sec gave significantly higher dissolution rates than did ibuprofen powder. Furthermore, the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the cross-linked microcapsule treated for 10 sec was similar to that from gelatin microcapsule. However, the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the cross-linked microcapsule treated for 60 sec decreased significantly compared to gelatin microcapsule, suggesting that the treatment of gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde for 60 sec could cross-link the gelatin microcapsule. Furthermore, the cross-linking of gelatin microcapsule markedly retarded the release rate of ibuprofen in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared to gelatin microcapsule. However, the cross-linking of gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde hardly changed the size of gelatin microcapsules, ethanol and ibuprofen contents encapsulated in gelatin microcapsule. Thus, the ibuprofen-loaded cross-linked gelatin microcapsule could retard the initial high dissolution of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen.