• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1313-1319
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• 2018

The coil-to-globule behavior of poly{${\gamma}$-2-[2-(2methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy-3-caprolactone} (PMEEECL) as a ${\gamma}$-substituted poly (${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) was investigated via atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. For this purpose, radius of gyration, end-to-end distance and radial distribution function of the chain in the presence of water were calculated. Consequently, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PMEEECL chain at which the coil-to-globule transition takes place, was determined in each calculated parameter curve. The simulation results indicated that the LCST of PMEEECL was occurred at close to 320 K, which is in a good agreement with previous experimental results. Additionally, the appearance of sudden change in both Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (${\chi}$) and interaction energy between the PMEEECL chain and water molecules at about 320 K confirmed the calculated LCST result. The radial distribution function (RDF) results showed that the affinity of the PMEEECL side chain to water molecules is lower than its backbone.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

A unique biophysical membrane which surrounds the milk fat globules is called the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Various researches were studied about origin, composition, structure and bioactive components of MFGM. Bioactive protein components of MFGM play an important beneficiary function such as defense mechanism in new born. Among the bioactive lipid components from MFGM phospholipids showed health enhancing functions. The phospholipids also help in the production of certain dairy product from deterioration. MFGM phospholipids also showed antioxidant activity in some dairy products such as butter and ghee produced from milk of buffalo. Based on the beneficial effects, researchers developed MFGM as functional ingredients in various food products. This current review focuses on health enhancing function of MFGM and its components in various dairy products.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.351-371
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• 2022

Milk fats are present as globules emulsified in the aqueous phase of milk and stabilized by a delicate membrane architecture called milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The unique structure and composition of the MFGM play an important role in fat digestion and the metabolic programming of neonates. The objective of this review is to compare the structure, composition, and physicochemical characteristics of fat globules in human milk, bovine milk, and infant formula. It provides an overview of the fat digestion process and enzymes in healthy infants, and describes the possible roles of the MFGM in association with factors affecting fat digestion. Lastly, the health benefits of the MFGM on infant nutrition and future perspectives are discussed with a focus on brain development, metabolic response, and gut health.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.726-734
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• 1989

우유 지방구막의 고밀도 표피에 결합된 지질의 조성을 분석하기 위하여 지방구막의 고밀도 표피부분을 여러 농도의 비이온성 세제 Triton X-100으로 처리하였고 세제에 용해되지 않는 물질, 즉 지방과 결합된 성분을 분석하였다. 유지방구막의 단백질, 인지질, 콜레스테롤과 ganglioside의 양은 Triton X-100의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 불용성 표피물질로서 butyrophilin(band 12), xanthine oxidase (band 3)와 band 16이 SDS-polyacrylamide gel을 이용한 전기영동에서 나타났다. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol 및 spingomyeline 함량은 처리되지 않은 원래의 막의 것과 큰 차이가 있어 표피물질의 주요 인지질로 규명되었다. 전체 지질에서 지방산은 myristate, palmitate, stearate(주요 포화지방산), oleate, linoleate(주요 불포화지방산)이었다. 단백질에 결합된 콜레스테롤은 다른 성분에서보다 단백질에 더 견고하게 부착되어 있었다. Ganglioside의 함량은 Triton X-100의 농도가 증가함에 따라 비례 감소하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2003

We here analyzed and proposed the structures of the N-linked sugar chains of PAS-7 from bovine milk fat globule membrane. The N-linked sugar chains were liberated from PAS-7 by hydrazinolysis and, after modifying the reducing ends with 2-aminopyridine (PA), were separated into one neutral (7N,55%) and two acidic (7M mono-, 43%; 7D, di-, 2%) sugar chain roups. The latter were converted into neutral groups (7MN and 7DN) by sialidase digestion. The structure of each of these PA-neutral sugar chains was determined by sugar analysis, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, partial acetolysis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the 10 sugar chains were of the biantennary complex type with and without fucose. The structure of 7N2A one of the major sugar chains, was proposed as; [structure: see text] A structural comparison between PAS-6 and -7 indicated that although they shared the same protein core, their sugar moiety was markedly different, involving the existence of a different pathway during the post-transcriptional modification.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 1997

붉바리 자어의 생존률 향상을 위한 연구의 일환으로써 자어의 주 사망 시기인 부화 직후부터 약 일주일간 자어의 난황흡수 및 먹이와 관련한 생존 특성 등을 조사하였다. 난황흡수 초기인 부화후 24시간 동안 자어의 난황 및 유구 흡수율은 난황보다는 유구의 경우가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 난황 및 유구의 흡수 시간은 수온이 높을수록 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 수온 23-$25^{\circ}C$에서 99% 이상의 난황 및 유구가 흡수된 시점은 부화후 각각 84, 96시간이었고,$27^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 72, 84시간, 29-$31^{\circ}C$에서는 공히 부화후 60시간으로 나타났다. 수온 23-$31^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 수온(X)에 따른 자어의 개구시(Y)은 Y=-2.53X+118.4, ($r^2$=0.89)의 직선식으로 나타났다. 난황이 대부분 흡수되고 외부 영양섭취를 시작하는 시기 전후인 부화후 72-96시간째 자어의 상악장은 0.113-0.114 mm였으며, 개구후부터 부화후 1주일까지의 전장(X)과 상악장(Y)과의 관계는 Y=0.139X-0.165, ($r^2$=0.88)의 식으로 나타났다. 자어의 소화관에서 최초로 rotifer 가 발견된 때는 부화후 72시간으로써 99% 이상의 난황을 흡수한 시점이었다. 난황 및 유구를 완전히 흡수한 부화후 96시간에는 전체 자어중 약 33%가 먹이를 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 첫 먹이 공급시기 지연에 따른 자어의 생존률은 부화후 84시간 이전까지는 첫 먹이공급 시기를 빨리할수록 생존율이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 부화후 96시간에 첫 먹이를 공급한 경우는 부화후 120시간 째까지 모든 자어가 사망한 것으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제12권
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• pp.5.1-5.1
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• 1987

• 천문학회보
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.48-48
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• 2001

• 천문학회보
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• 제10권
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• pp.3.1-3.1
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• 1985

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

Most lipids in milk are dispetsed as the form of fat globules. Apical portion of plasma membrane is coated with fat globules, which are synthesized from mammary epithelial cells and then secreted into the lumen. The unique phenomenon in separation of the plasma membrane from the cell is observed only in mammary system. It has been suggested that milk fat globule membrane(MFGM) is formed from endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, secretory granule to plasma membrane. For this reason MFGM is important for nuderstanding the structure and function of biological membrane. Because MFGM also plays an important role in inhibition of lipase action, stimulation of nutrient digestion and absorption, emulsion or function as natural liposome, study of the major components in MFGM will provide the opportunity for more broad industrial uses of MFGM in the future.