• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.84-90
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• 2007

The UN recommends to the member of OECD to implement the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) that harmonized the flammable materials for classification, labelling, production, transport, storage, handling, usage and discard. There are no significant differences between UN and GHS because GHS is based on physico-chemical hazard and acute toxity of classification and labelling of UN regulation for the classification and transportation of flammable materials. In this paper it was analyzed that the classification, labelling and test method of flammable materials for GHS and the national law of safety management of flammable materials.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

The use of chemical products to enhance and improve life is a widespread worldwide practice. In spite of the benefits of these products, there is the potential of chemicals for adverse effects to people or the environment. The globally harmonized system (GHS) of classifying and labeling chemicals that was recommended by the United Nations in 2003, has been introduced globally since 2008. Compare to the classification criteria of agricultural formulations today, classification criteria of GHS is different partly. One pictogram is removed and 3 pictograms are introduced newly. The classification criteria of GHS will be changed preferentially and implemented gradationally to hazard products.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.220
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• pp.42-44
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• 2011

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

To classify the chemical hazard according to globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), we investigated the genotoxicity of three chemicals, methyl myristate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid zinc salt, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, using male ICR mice bone marrow cells for the screening of micronucleus induction. Although these three chemicals have already been tested numerous times, a micronucleus test has not been conducted. The seven week-old male ICR mice were tested at three dosages for the three chemicals, respectively. After 24 h of oral administration with the three chemicals, the mice were sacrificed and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. As a result of counting the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes, all treated groups expressed no statistically significant increase of MNPCE compared to the negative control group. There were no clinical signs related with the oral exposure of these three chemicals. It was concluded that these three chemicals did not induce micronucleus in the bone marrow cells of ICR mice, and there was no direct proportion with dosage. These results indicate that the three chemicals have no mutagenic potential under each test condition, and it is not classified these chemicals as mutagens by GHS.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.804-811
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• 2014

A micronucleus test of cyclohexanone has not yet been conducted. To classify the chemical hazard posed by cyclohexanone according to a globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), we investigated its mutagenicity by micronucleus induction in ICR bone marrow cells of 7-weeek-old male mice. The mice were administered three dosages of the chemical for 24 hr via the oral route. After 24 hr, the mice were sacrificed, and their bone marrow cells were prepared for smearing slides. Based on counts of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) of 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes, cyclohexanone did not inhibit bone marrow cell proliferation in any of the treated groups, but it resulted in micronucleus induction. According to the results of the mammalian bone marrow micronucleus test, this chemical is mutagenic and classified as category 2 in the GHS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.53-77
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• 2006

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.197-208
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• 2006

The hazards of chemicals can be classified using classification criteria that are based on physical, chemical and ecotoxicological endpoints. These criteria may be developed be iteratively, based on scientific or regulatory processes. A number of national and international schemes have been developed over the past 50 years, and some, such as the UN Dangerous Goods system or the EC system for hazardous substances, are in widespread use. However, the unnecessarily complicated multiplicity of existing hazard classifications created much unnecessary confusion at the user level, and a recommendation was made at the 1992 Rio Earth summit to develop a globally harmonized chemical hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including material safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, that could be used for manufacture, transport, use and disposal of chemical substances. This became the globally harmonized system for the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The developmental phase of the GHS is largely complete. Consistent criteria for categorizing chemicals according to their toxic, physical, chemical and ecological hazards are now available. Consistent hazard communication tools such as labelling and material safety data sheets are also close to finalizations. The next phase is implementation of the GHS. The Intergovernmental Forum for Chemical Safety recommends that all countries implement the GHS as soon as possible with a view to have the system fully operational by 2008. When the GHS is in place, the world will finally have one system for classification of chemical hazards.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2020

Background: The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) was developed to enhance chemical classification and hazard communication systems worldwide. However, some of the elements such as building blocks and data sources have the potential to cause "disharmony" to the GHS, particularly in its classification results. It is known that some countries have developed their own lists of classified chemicals in accordance with the GHS to "standardize" the classification results within their respective countries. However, the lists of classified chemicals may not be consistent among these countries. Method: In this study, the lists of classified chemicals developed by the European Union, Japan, Malaysia, and New Zealand were selected for comparison of classification results for carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Results: The findings show that only 54%, 66%, and 37% of the classification results for each Carcinogen, Mutagen and Reproductive toxicants hazard classes, respectively are the same among the selected countries. This indicates a "moderate" level of consistency among the classified chemicals lists. Conclusion: By using classification results for the carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity hazard classes, this study demonstrates the "disharmony" in the classification results among the selected countries. We believe that the findings of this study deserve the attention of the relevant international bodies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.21-34
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• 2005

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

The HS Convention is an agreement on the harmonized commodity description and coding system enacted by the World Customs Organization in January 1988 to promote international trade and unify the commodity classification systems internationally, and the seventh revision will take effect in January 2022. This study's main purpose is to consider criteria for classifying unmanned autonomous transport systems(UATS) in accordance with Section 17 of the HS nomenclature and to present recommendations for improvement of laws related to tariff classification which may be used to amend related laws in Korea. Currently, there are no provisions within the HS Nomenclature that classify unmanned autonomous transportation systems and equipments. Although such technologies have yet to be commercially deployed, they are being actively developed globally. Thus, this study aims to classify UATS and suggest appropriate amendments to the new edition of the HS Nomenclature and Korean law. This paper examines advance ruling cases from domestic and foreign HS classification under the revision of the HS Convention and the criteria for the classification of UATS and Domestic Korean and foreign classification case studies were investigated, along with a survey of the literature on UATS, in order to derive reasonable tariff classification criteria and present legislative implications. In conclusion, this study aims to provide legislative recommendations for how to improve the system to apply the revisions to the HS Convention to the domestic Korean statutes.