• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

The marketing environment has become competitive to an extent that requires firms to target their products at markets that span national boundaries. However, competitive clout cannot be achieved in global consumer markets unless firms thoroughly understand and adequately respond to the core values and needs of those consumers. Brand equity is one of the most important assets to a company. Especially in sportswear markets, brand equity is the crucial value added to a product by its brand name. Factors such as country of origin also influence customer's attitude towards brand equity. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship between country of origin effect and brand equity, and how they influence consumers' loyalty for respective brands. This paper focused on the sports shoes market, because it is an increasing area of opportunity for world manufacturers. The objectives of this study were the following. (1) Test the effect of country of origin on brand equity. (2) Test how brand equity influences consumers' brand loyalty. (3) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the three countries. (4) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the different lifestyles. Based on the review of literature results, the hypotheses are concluded as the following: H1-a: Country image has positive influence on country of origin. H1-b: Product perception has positive influence on country of origin. H2-a: Perceived quality has positive effect on brand equity. H2-b: Perceived price has positive effect on brand equity. H3: Country of origin has positive effect on brand equity. H4: Brand equity has a positive impact on brand loyalty. Research model was constructed (see Fig. 1). After data analysis, the following results were concluded: sports shoes purchase behavior showed significant differences among Korean, Chinese, and American consumers for favorite brand, purchased brand, purchased place, information usage, and favorite sports games. The results of this study also extend the research of the relationship among country of origin, brand equity and brand loyalty to the sports shoes market. Brand equity was proven to have a significant relationship with brand loyalty for all countries. The factors which can influence brand equity are different for different countries. The third finding of this paper is that we identified different three lifestyles, adventurer, follower, and laggard, for Korean, Chinese and American consumers. Without the nationality boundary, seeing the emergence of a new group of consumers who have similar preferences and buy similar brands is more important. All of the consumers consider brand equity to keep their brand loyalty. Perceived price is the only factor which can influence brand equity for adventurers; brand is more important for them. The laggards were not influenced by any factor. All of the factors expect perceived price are important for the followers. Marketing managers should consider brand equity when introducing their brand into a new market. Also localization is the basic strategy that all the sports shoes companies should understand. But as a global brand, understanding the same characteristics for each country is more important to build global strategy.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2011

The economy blocking and price competitiveness caused by globalization has generated an on-going controversy of global sourcing among high-priced luxury brands. The consumers in the global market purchase luxury goods based on both craftsmanship and the reputation of luxury brands. Factors such as the origin, brand and pricing can affect the intention of consumers to buy luxury goods. This study analyzed the optimum brand combination using conjoint analysis. The analysis was based on the selection of origin, brand name and price as extrinsic factors among attributes of customer choice. These factors were subdivided into Italian and Chinese origins, Gucci, Prada, and Miu Miu in terms of brand names, and 450,000, 750,000, and 1,500,000 Won in terms of price levels. The result showed that origin was considered the most important factor followed by brand name and pricing. This tendency tells us that customers consider origin, brand name and price in that order when purchasing luxury brands. In regards to each factor, respondents preferred Italian to Chinese origins, the Gucci to Miu Miu brand name, and 750,000 to 450,000 won for price level. Generally, women in their 20s and 30s preferred products from advanced nations at a medium-level price.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2017

Purpose - There are many variables related to consumer-brand relationship such as brand attitude, attachment, commitment and brand loyalty and we should manage these all variables successfully to achieve a strong brand loyalty. The objective of this research is to investigate the path from brand attitude and brand attachment to brand commitment and brand loyalty. Specially, this article focuses on the moderating effects of brand type and consumer innovativeness in the causal relationships between variables. Research design, data, and methodology - The seven hypotheses were proposed and tested empirically in this research. Three of seven hypotheses were the effects of brand attitude and brand attachment on the brand commitment and brand loyalty. Another two hypotheses presented the moderating effect of brand type and other two hypotheses expressed the moderating effect of consumer innovativeness in the causal relationships between variables. Research data were collected from the surveying of university students and the 282 samples were used to test the proposed hypotheses empirically. We utilized SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 for statistical analyses such as reliability test, validity test and path analysis. Results - The results show that brand attitude influences the brand loyalty and brand attachment influences the brand commitment positively. The brand attachment also influences the brand commitment positively. We found that there is a moderating effect of brand type in the causal relationship between brand attitude and loyalty though there is no significant moderating effect in the causality between brand attachment and commitment. We also fount that there is no significant moderating effect of consumer innovativeness in the causal relationships among brand attitude, brand attachment, brand commitment and brand loyalty. In Summary, 5 of 7 hypotheses in this study were supported and 2 hypotheses were not supported. Conclusions - There is a path model of consumer-brand relationship from brand attitude and brand attachment to brand commitment and brand loyalty. Companies should provide their consumers with effective marketing program in every phase of consumer-brand relationship to build brand loyalty. In addition, there are possibilities that the relationships among brand attitude, brand attachment, brand commitment and brand loyalty are moderated by brand type and consumer innovativeness. Companies should consider perceived brand type and innovativenss of their consumers in planning and executing their various marketing programs for their brand management.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.115-138
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 글로벌 브랜드 전략의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 브랜드 글로벌성과 소비자의 브랜드 태도 및 구매행동 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 브랜드 글로벌성이 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향에 있어 브랜드 신뢰도의 매개역할을 분석하였다. 특히 이 과정에서 브랜드 신뢰도 유형을 브랜드 가치를 따지는 신용도와 감정적 측면이 반영되는 호감도로 분류하여 분석하였다. 또한 브랜드 글로벌성에 대한 소비자의 태도는 소비자 개인 특성에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 소비자의 문화지능의 조절효과도 분석하였다. 총 207명의 대학생 소비자 집단을 대상으로 분석한 결과 예상했던 대로 특정 브랜드에 대해 글로벌성이 높다고 인식하는 소비자 집단일수록 해당 브랜드에 대해 더 높은 신용도와 호감도를 보이고, 이는 결국 더 높은 브랜드 충성도로 이어지는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 브랜드 글로벌성이 브랜드 신용도와 호감도에 미치는 영향에 있어 소비자 문화지능의 조절효과는 통계적인 유의성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소비자의 문화지능과는 상관없이 브랜드 글로벌성이 높을수록 모든 소비자들로부터 더 높은 신용도와 호감도를 얻을 수 있음 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구결과는 세계시장에서 활약하고 있는 국내기업들에게 글로벌 브랜드 전략의 유효성에 대해 일련의 시사점을 제시해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.576-585
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• 2021

This study sought to identify the types of fashion brands preferred by tourists based on the shopping values that they pursue through purchases at tourist destinations and to verify the effects of these values on their satisfaction. To obtain a representative sample of South Korea's tourist shoppers, a survey was conducted among 300 subjects involving adult men and women in their twenties to sixties. Structural equation modeling analyses were performed on the collected data using SPSS and AMOS. The effects of tourist shopping values on brand attitudes were verified by dividing tourist shopping values into social, epistemic, and functional values and dividing brand attitudes into attitudes toward fashion global and local brands. Additionally, this work intended to ascertain the moderating effect of cosmopolitanism on tourist shopping behaviors. The analysis results reveal that a high level of epistemic value as perceived by tourists during shopping resulted in a corresponding high level of preference for local fashion brands. Furthermore, a high level of social value as perceived by tourists led to a high level of preference toward global fashion brands. Contrastingly, functional value influenced both local and global brands. As a result of the moderating effect, in the group with high cosmopolitanism tendency, the effect of epistemic value was not significant, but the low group significantly affected brand attitude based on the social and epistemic value. Given its academic and practical implications, the present study is likely to broaden the understanding of tourist shopping and facilitate future research on that phenomenon.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-51
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 상표에 대한 문화적 측면의 포지셔닝전략을 세계문화적 포지셔닝전략, 특정 외국문화적 포지셔닝전략, 현지문화적 포지셔닝전략으로 구분한 Alden 등 (1999)의 연구에 바탕을 두고, 한국 상표에 대한 중국 광고를 대상으로 삼아 연구를 수행했다. 본 연구에서는 세계문화적 포지셔닝전략과 중국 현지문화적 포지셔닝 전략 간 광고에서 연상되는 상표개성의 차이를 알아보았으며, 세계문화적 포지셔닝전략, 중국 현지문화적 포지셔닝 전략, 그리고 한국 문화적 포지셔닝 전략이 상표태도 형성에 미치는 효과를 비교해보았다. 첫째, 중국 잡지에 실린 우리나라 상표의 광고를 대상으로 내용분석을 실시한 결과, 문화적 포지셔닝전략별로 상표개성은 크게 다르지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 문화적 상표포지셔닝전략별 광고효과를 알아보기 위해 중국 소비자를 대상으로 실험을 수행한 결과, 세계문화적 포지셔닝전략은 중국 현지문화적 포지셔닝전략보다 소비자의 긍정적 상표태도 형성에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 한국문화적 포지셔닝전략은 상대적으로 연령이 낮은 소비자에게서 중국 현지문화적 포지셔닝전략보다 더 긍정적 상표태도를 형성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제62권8호
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• pp.28-44
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• 2012

The aim of this research is to examine the tendency of national tastes reflected in global SPA brands based on the theories of Gans' taste culture and Bourdieu's cultural capital. In this study, the leading global SPA brands such as H&M, ZARA, GAP and UNIQLO can be considered as a representative taste culture as well as an icon of popular culture in the $21^{st}$ century global fashion and also the aesthetic taste of each brand differentiated from their national aesthetic values based on socio-cultural backgrounds. H&M represents fashionableness, practicality and environmental friendliness based on naturalism, democratic humanism, and functional practicality of Sweden. ZARA emerges as the most trend oriented brand as well as customer centered on the basis of cultural diversity, passion and glamorous artistic sensibility of Spain. GAP shows American iconic style, which is the functional sports casual wear, originated from American leisure culture and mass production. Lastly, UNIQLO represents high-tech functionalism and practical simplicity based on Japanese delicate workmanship and simple, concise lifestyle while relatively does not much follow the fashion forward trends. Consequently, the national taste has been proved as a solid foundation to identify each global brand. This should be the key component also applied to Korean global brands for developing their concepts and strategies more successfully based on our own national aesthetic taste.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to verify whether avatars that embody different brand concepts offer different experiences to users. Furthermore, this study explores the relationship between user identification with avatars and their actual brand purchase intentions. Research design, data and methodology: The research design employed a between-subjects approach, with two independent variables: brand concept and avatar. The measured dependent variables were brand experience in extended reality (XR) and purchase intention. Additionally, brand attitude served as a control variable. Results: First, in virtual brand spaces with symbolic benefits, ideal avatars were found to elicit higher levels of brand experience than actual avatars. Specifically, participants reported elevated levels of entertainment and relational assembly experiences in symbolic brand spaces. Second, this research reveals that the relationship between users' identification with avatars and their intention to make actual brand purchases is mediated by brand experience in XR. Conclusions: The findings suggest that ideal avatars evoke higher levels of brand experience within symbolic brand spaces, particularly in entertainment, relational connection, and a sense of community. Furthermore, this study establishes the role of brand experience in XR as a mediator between avatar identification and purchase intentions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2023

Covid-19 is rapidly changing the global society. In particular, as the online connected world has become more important in recent years, new communication methods such as VR, AR, and metaverse have emerged as global trends. As social interest in technologies such as metaverse, blockchain, and NFT continues to grow, this study aims to understand the concept of NFT, which is being illuminated as a global trend keyword, and to examine the current status of the global fashion industry. As a result of examining NFT application cases of fashion brands that have grown rapidly since Covid-19, the use of NFT in the global fashion industry can be largely classified into three categories - Collection and Investment Type, Game Type NFT, Marketing and Event Type NFT. Based on this, We expect that this study will be used as basic data to actively utilize NFT, which is still in its infancy, to prepare a plan to revitalize the domestic fashion industry.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2012

The purpose of study is to understand of china clothing brand to have them to be competitive position in global market. Also through this study people who are in a clothing industry market from China and overseas will be able to utilize it to have competitive brand power. Analyzing of the China clothing brand with a history and process of development is done to help understand of changes through years. With the rapid development of economy in China, the textiles & clothing industry, as one of the key industries, is showing a strong growing tendency, and brand in china have been expanding oversea market. Till 2002, China has already been the world's largest supplier of textile & clothing. Nowadays, "Made in China" is going to be "Created in China", lots of Chinese clothing brands appear, and many Chinese fashion designers step onto world stage. Chinese women's clothing, men's clothing, casual clothing, sports clothing and designer's brand are developing, popular brands are also promoted through convenient e-commerce. Clothing companies are going public, acquiring overseas brands, implementing internal mergers and integration, expanding overseas market. In such a diversity era, Chinese brands not only need to be localization, but also need to confirm with the trend of international management and globalized economy.