• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.126-142
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• 2021

Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2019

This study analyzes the effects of FDI on the global value chain (GVC) using participation and export value added using panel data from 2005 to 2016 for 63 countries. This study used the GLS method. Results are as follows: First, foreign direct investment had a positive impact on the global value chain (GVC) participation and export value added of non-OECD economies. Furthermore, tariff rates were more sensitive to non-OECD countries than OECD countries. In addition, logistics infrastructure had a negative impact on global value chain (GVC) participation and export value added, while developed countries, such as OECD countries, with good infrastructure, had a positive impact on non-OECD countries. Finally, research and development costs have been shown to play a very important role in non-OECD countries. This study found that various service sectors, such as research and development (R & D) as well as the general manufacturing industry, are expanding beyond two countries to form global value chains (GVC) in which several countries are connected from production to consumption.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2021

Purpose - This article will take the Korean manufacturing industry as an example to estimate Korea's global value chain status from the perspective of overall and sub-industry, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for Korean manufacturing to climb the global value chain. Design/methodology - Based on the WIOD data. The data is calculated by using MATLAB (2014a) coding. The data for 6 sectors are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification revision 3 (ISIC Rev. 3), the WIOD data are used to calculate and compare the position, participation and dynamics of the Korea, China and USA' manufacturing industry in the 1995-2016. Findings - The empirical results supported conclusions of the theoretical model. In the Korean GVC of electrical and optical sector, while stronger forward linkages than backward linkages to GVC are advantageous for an average advanced country, the benefits of downstream tasks are pronounced for non-advanced countries. And proved the correlation for an index to capture a country's upstream position or downstream position, it makes sense to compare that Korea's exports of intermediates in the same sector that are used by China and USA. Originality/value - The first is to re-examine the characteristics of South Korea's participation in global value chains under a more systematic and accurate theoretical framework, which provides a new empirical reference for related research; the second is to content covers of the manufacturing 6 sectors, so as to more completely describe the characteristics of Korean manufacturing's participation in global value chains; The value of this paper is providing empirical evidence of the effect of Korea's the GVC of manufacturing sectors. In the GVC of 6 sectors, first three have a higher position in the value chain and are in the upper middle and upper reaches of the GVC. The latter two have a low GVC position index, which has become the main sector that pulls down the overall position of Korea's manufacturing industry.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2020

국내 방산수출 규모는 단기간 급성장하고 품목도 첨단 고가장비로 다양해졌지만 내수 위축은 물론 글로벌 경기 불황과 경쟁 심화로 최근 수출이 정체되고 있는 상황이다. 글로벌 시장의 무기 수입국들은 보다 다양해졌고, 변동성은 더욱 커졌으며, 글로벌 방산기업들 역시 기존 거래선 외 글로벌 부품공급망(GVC: Global Value chain)을 전 세계로 넓혀 나가는 추세다. 방산 중소기업이 국내 체계기업의 협력업체로 참여하는 수준에서 벗어나 특화된 기술력을 갖춘 경쟁력 있는 기업으로 성장하여 수출물량을 안정적으로 확보할 수 있도록 글로벌 방산기업의 부품공급망 참여를 통한 수출 활성화 지원책 마련이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 중소기업의 국제 부품공급망 진입실태 및 관련사례에 대한 일반적 고찰과 절충교역 이행가치가 높은 5개 글로벌 기업을 선정한 뒤 한국지사 및 해외 현지 조사를 통해 GVC 진입요건, 협력파트너 현황, 국내 중소기업의 GVC 진입에 대한 인식 등을 조사하였다. 또한 수출대상과 GVC 단계, 국내 중소 기업 수출경쟁력 수준 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 방산 중소기업의 GVC 참여를 촉진하기 위한 전략과 정부정책의 개선 사항을 도출하여 제시하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2016

전자산업은 많은 수익과 일자리를 제공하고 다양한 융 복합 분야에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 최근 IT 융합기술 발달과 세계경제 통합으로 산업전략이 변하면서 ICT산업의 글로벌가치사슬(GVC)이 확대되고 있다. 글로벌가치사슬은 R&D, 제조, 판매, A/S 등 부가가치 생산을 위한 기업 활동의 모든 과정이 세계적인 차원에서 이루어지는 구조이다. 본 연구의 목적은 전자산업의 GVC 현황과 국내 대표적인 전자업체인 삼성전자와 LG전자의 GVC 추진사례를 분석하는데 있다. 전자산업의 GVC는 1980년대 이후 발전하기 시작하면서 미국과 캐나다 등 선진국에 생산기지를 구축하였다. 2000년 이후에는 인건비 등 원가절감을 위해 중국, 대만, 인도 등 저비용 국가로 이전하였다. 최근에는 중국의 인건비 및 생산비 급상승으로 인해 상대적으로 저렴한 베트남으로 생산기지를 이동하는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 국내 전자업체들은 지속적으로 성장하기 위해 수출대상국을 상대로 브랜드 및 품목별 마케팅을 실시하는 등 새로운 전략을 수행해야 한다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2019

In recent years, the Indian market has gained worldwide attention in the global trading business environment. Korean companies are also seeking to enter the indian market, and their foreign trade investment strategy is based on the Global Value Chain(GVC). In this study, we examine difference from traditional investment strategy to GVC investment strategy in the age of 4IR(fourth industrial revolution) through using POLS model(pooled least square), FEM(fixed effect model), and REM(randomized effect model). Based on the analysis of 84 monthly data related to the FDI and international trade effects between Korea and India, the following results were found. As Korean companies increased their share of export to the Indian market and export to the Indian market, the number of new companies directly invested in overseas market increased. However, the amount of import into the Indian market was relatively low in relation to the number of new companies directly in overseas markets. As a result of analyzing the investment strategy of the GVC in India, the GVC has shifted from manufacturing to process upgrading to enter the GVC on Smile Curve.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2020

Purpose - The Korean government has been promoting the New Southern Policy (NSP) prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which damage global value chain (GVC). The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that the NSP should be developed to provide tangible support in corporate GVC adjustment, away from diplomatic activities in order to offset GVC losses due to COVID-19 and expand export capabilities. Design/methodology - Two research methodologies are combined for this paper: A computational general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to estimate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and NSP on Korea's exports, and the decomposition methodology (Wang, Wei and Zhu, 2013) to evaluate the stability of GVC. The conventional CGE model was modified to obtain an estimate for decomposition. The research methodology adopted in this study was attempted for the first time, and it can be widely used in future GVC research. Findings - Results found the effects of COVID-19 reduced Korea's total exports by 27% and GVC by more than 30%. In particular, VA in Korea's exports to the NSP region was found to have a huge impact in heavy industries and textiles, and its exports to Vietnam seemed to suffer the largest loss in GVC among ASEAN countries. If the NSP is implemented properly, it appears that it could offset much of the negative impacts of COVID-19, implying the importance of the effectiveness of the NSP. Originality/value - Many papers have assessed the NSP descriptively, and the GVC has been a topic for many publications. However, the impact of COVID-19 on Korea's GVC with the NSP countries has not been quantitatively studied. This paper emphasizes that the NSP should be pursued based on the results of quantitative analysis. In addition, the research methodology of this paper can be used for other GVC research with relevant modifications.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.3-30
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• 2020

This paper analyzes how the current Global Value Chain (GVC) of East Asia has been established, and attempts to project the future trajectory of GVC under New Normal in the global trading system. For this purpose, the framework of Ideology-Technology-Institution nexus is presented with focus on the dynamics of interplay between ideology and technology, duly recognizing the dual-aspect of technology- a platform for business and also for national defense. The paper analyzes how the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of the 1990s played a role of "facilitator" in shaping the GVC of East Asia, where China plays 'factory for final assembly' and the US plays 'the largest consumer'. Under New Normal, digital technology is likely to play the opposite role of "disrupting" the GVC of East Asia, unlike ICT. The paper explores the mechanism behind this great disruption. What is driving New Normal is the US-China power competition, seeking for dominance in East Asia and beyond. This paper argues that New Normal is not temporary shock, but will last for some time. Under this presumption, the paper presents three scenarios for the future trajectory of GVC in East Asia.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.22-46
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• 2023

Purpose - study aims to investigate the relationships between global value chain (GVC)- and transportation-related determinants and economic performance. Also, moderating effects of COVID-19 on the relationships are theoretically and empirically discussed. A limitation of previous studies includes their over-reliance on the opportunities of GVC participation and larger transportation. This study represents the challenges associated with them. Also, it shows how GVC and logistics can be difficult in case of a market fluctuation such as COVID-19. Design/methodology - The sample for this study includes 828 observations from 138 countries. A semi-panel data set has been used. Six observations for each country are used to empirically test the hypotheses and a Two-way cluster model is conducted. Findings - It is confirmed that GVC forward participation contributes more than the backward participation to enhance performance. Transportation infrastructure is critical, but large scales of marine and air transportations are not positive in terms of economic performance. Stricter government response to COVID-19 negatively moderates economic performance by GVC backward participation and transportation infrastructure. Originality/value - The spread of COVID-19 is causing a severe collapse of GVC and transportation. This study empirically verifies the moderating effects of the government stringency on GVC and transportation. Previous studies usually discuss a positive impact of GVC and transportation size on economic performance. However, this study aims to show various challenges behind GVC participation and large scale transportation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2016

최근 자동차시장은 친환경, 고연비, 무인자율주행을 앞세우고 빠르게 변해가고 있다. 자동차시장에서 국내 자동차산업이 성장하기 위해서는 IT, 마케팅, 광고/홍보, 생산/제조, 유통 등 다양한 기업들이 융 복합된 글로벌가치사슬(GVC) 생산시스템을 더욱 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 자동차산업에서 부품중소업체들이 글로벌 완성차업체의 GVC내로 진입하기 위한 지원 방안을 찾아보고 이를 위해 GVC내 완성차업체와 부품업체 사이의 현황과 협력관계를 살펴보는 것이다. 또한 자동차산업의 완성차업체 GVC내 부품중소기업들이 진입하는데 필요한 정책방향을 현실성 있고 지원 가능한 방안을 찾아보는 것이다. 자동차산업에서 완성차업체의 GVC내로 부품중소기업이 진입하기 위해서는 GVC를 운영하는 대기업의 특성과 지배구조를 이해하고 맞춤형 전략을 수립해야 한다.