• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The Japan National Committee for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and UICC-Asia Regional Office (ARO) organized a Roundtable Discussion as part of the official program of the UICC World Cancer Congress 2014 in Melbourne, Australia. The theme for the Roundtable Discussion was "Looking Toward the Realization of Universal Health Care 'UHC' for Cancer in Asia" and it was held on December 5, 2014. The meeting was held based on the recognition that although each country may take a different path towards the realization of UHC, one point that is common to all is that cancer is projected to be the most difficult disease to address under the goals of UHC and that there is, therefore, an urgent and pressing need to come to a common understanding and awareness with regard to UHC concepts that are a priority component of a post-MDG development agenda. The presenters and participants addressed the issue of UHC for cancer in Asia from their various perspectives in academia and international organizations. Discussions covered the challenges to UHC in Asia, collaborative approaches by international organizations, the need for uniform and relevant data, ways to create an Asia Cancer Barometer that could be applied to all countries in Asia. The session concluded with the recognition that research on UHC in Asia should continue to be used as a tool for cancer cooperation in Asia and that the achievement of UHC would require research and input not only from the medical community, but from a broad sector of society in a multidisciplinary approach. Discussions on this issue will continue towards the Asia-Pacific Cancer Conference in Indonesia in August 2015.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.539-548
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• 2009

This work aims to highlight the importance and role of the theme and message of BIE exhibitions in the 21th century, and to suggest essential points concerning the preparation of the Expo 2012 Yeosu which would focus on the theme and urban development. After the Expo '98 Lisbon, the theme and message of Expo has been changed from focusing on the progress of technology itself to rethinking of progress itself and focusing on the future of the globe. This change also reflects the need to solve the problems of global environment problem in today's human society and to pursue the new technology which enable to make sure sustainable development. Because the Expo Yeosu, whose theme is the sea and coast, is compared to case of Expo Lisbon whose theme is ocean, we need to make a benchmarking the case of the Expo Lisbon and to make efforts to differenciate the case of the Expo Lisbon. This article suggests concerning the theme and urban development plan of the Expo Yeosu as follows: First, to propose current and future cutting edge technology to utilize the resources of the ocean and the coast and to propose the Yeosu Project, a capacity-building program designed to address various challenges confronting developing countries. Second, to propose a different urban redevelopment plan of capital Lisbon, ie to propose sea port cities network to link the advent of the Namhaeansidae.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.152-164
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• 2015

Enhancing clarity and transparency of the pricing guide for technical services for public construction works enables the prediction and reimbursement of the service cost for project owners and bidders, while it would also yield benefits for engineers who carry out the construction tasks. In order to improve the global competitiveness of construction service industry, the government revised its pricing guide for techical services for construction works recently, moving away from its previous percentage-of-construction-cost method towards the Cost Plus a Fee Method. However, since the Cost Plus a Fee Method results in the rise of the service price by 153%~197%, there is the need for a review on the method and basis of the adjustment in order to avoid controversies regarding the application of the revised method. In this context, this paper analysed the 2014 revision of the pricing guide for technical services for public construction works through comparison with foreign cases including those of the US and the UK. The analysis yielded the conclusion that, while the shift towards Cost Plus a Fee Method which is widely used in advanced economies is a very meaningful change in large measure, certain aspects still remain problematic. Unlike in advanced economies, the detailed break-down shows the direct labor cost includes certain indirect expenses. Also, indirec expenses are admitted so comprehensively as to include overhead costs and technology royalties. These problems results in redundant estimation of certain expenses, and obstructs transparency in spending details. This paper proposes various improvement measures to address these issues.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

As part of a policy to address climate change and pollution problem, the government introduced a green credit card scheme in order to motivate pro-environmental behaviors in July 2011. It is important to present the specific ways to facilitate pro-environmental behaviors using the consumer behavior pattern data. This study was a result of data from total fifty seven thousands customer purchasing history data of green credit card to be created for the 3 months from January to March 2015. As the analysis process is put in to operation the analysis of the purchasing customer's profile firstly, and the second come into association analysis to consider the buying associations for green products purchasing networks, the third estimate the useful parameters to affect the customer's pro-environmental behavior and customer characteristics. It shows that royal customers are from 30 to 40 years old and their incomes are from 30 million won to 40 million won. Especially, they live in Daegu, Gyeonggi, and Seoul.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

Purpose - Entrepreneurship promotion is emerging as an important economic growth agenda. However, in Korea, entrepreneurship has weakened because of the collapse of the venture bubbles of the 2000s and the global economic recession in 2008, which have induced the business community to choose stability over risk. The Korean government has been implementing several support projects to inspire and promote youth entrepreneurship through various means including financial assistance; however, the perpetuation rate of young entrepreneurship is still low as compared to advanced economies such as the US and EU. This case study focuses on the Youth Start-Up Business Support Program of the Small & Medium Business Corporation, and explores practical alternatives. Further, it aims to suggest managerial factors and a conceptual model for change management factors affecting the business performance creation of a startup company, based on the Small and medium Business Corporation's young venture startup fund. Research design, data, and methodology - Many studies examine the current progress and issues of startup firms, for example, a lack of systematic cultivation of entrepreneurship and startup business training, lack of commercialization funding for youth startup businesses, lack of mentoring, and inadequate infrastructure. From prior research, we address four factors, namely, personal managerial capabilities, innovative business model, sufficient cash flow, and social network, affecting startup companies' business performance. This study involved a sample survey of 200 young entrepreneurs to investigate casual relations between the four factors and business performance. A regression analysis was used to verify the hypotheses. Results - First, in relation to differences in the founder's personal characteristics, age, sales amount, and number of employees significantly impact business performance. Second, regarding the causal relation between the four factors for creating business performance, an innovative business model and social networking have supported the hypotheses, revealing that the more that a start-up founder has an innovative business model and social networking, the more the start-up firms are likely to have better performance (e.g., sales volume, employment, ROE, ROI, etc.). Although the founder's competency and sufficient cash flow have no significant relationship with business performance, the mean value was higher performance for high founder's competency and sufficient cash flow. Conclusions - This study provides basic data on policy support strategies of the Small and Medium Business Corporation, to help young entrepreneurs achieve their start-up business goals. It shows that young entrepreneurship startup firms should strive to explore ideas to satisfy customers' needs, and that changes in customer value and the continuous innovation of business model differentiation are required to actively respond to change management. Moreover, at the infant startup stage, they should activate social network programs to share information, thereby offsetting resource scarcity and managing business risk. Further, the establishment of a long-term vision and the implementation of training programs in related specific fields should be supported to strengthen founders' personal capabilities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2015

Purpose - Open source software has high utilization in most of the server market. The utilization of open source software is a global trend. Particularly, Internet infrastructure and platform software open source software development has increased rapidly. Since 2003, the Korean government has published open source software promotion policies and a supply promotion policy. The dynamism of the open source software market, the lack of relevant expertise, and the market transformation due to reasons such as changes in the relevant technology occur slowly in relation to adoption. Therefore, this study proposes an assessment model of services provided in an open source software service company. In this study, the service level of open source software companies is classified into an enterprise-level assessment area, the service level assessment area, and service area. The assessment model is developed from an on-site driven evaluation index and proposed evaluation framework; the evaluation procedures and evaluation methods are used to achieve the research objective, involving an impartial evaluation model implemented after pilot testing and validation. Research Design, data, and methodology - This study adopted an iteration development model to accommodate various requirements, and presented and validated the assessment model to address the situation of the open source software service company. Phase 1 - Theoretical background and literature review Phase 2 - Research on an evaluation index based on the open source software service company Phase 3 - Index improvement through expert validation Phase 4 - Finalizing an evaluation model reflecting additional requirements Based on the open source software adoption case study and latest technology trends, we developed an open source software service concept definition and classification of public service activities for open source software service companies. We also presented open source software service company service level measures by developing a service level factor analysis assessment. The Behavior-Structure-Evolution Evaluation Model (BSEM) proposed in this study consisted of a rating methodology for calculating the level that can be granted through the assessment and evaluation of an enterprise-level data model. An open source software service company's service comprises the service area and service domain, while the technology acceptance model comprises the service area, technical domain, technical sub-domain, and open source software name. Finally, the evaluation index comprises the evaluation group, category, and items. Results - Utilization of an open source software service level evaluation model For the development of an open source software service level evaluation model, common service providers need to standardize the quality of the service, so that surveys and expert workshops performed in open source software service companies can establish the evaluation criteria according to their qualitative differences. Conclusion - Based on this evaluation model's systematic evaluation process and monitoring, an open source software service adoption company can acquire reliable information for open source software adoption. Inducing the growth of open source software service companies will facilitate the development of the open source software industry.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.58-72
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• 2021

In July 2021, UNCTAD classified Korea as a developed country. After the Korean War in the 1950s, economic development was promoted despite difficult conditions, resulting in epoch-making national growth. However, in order to respond to the rapidly changing global economy, it is necessary to continuously study the domestic industrial ecosystem and prepare strategies for continuous change and growth. This study analyzed the industrial ecosystem of the automobile industry where it is possible to obtain transaction data between companies by applying complexity spatial network analysis. For data, 295 corporate data(node data) and 607 transaction data (link data) were used. As a result of checking the spatial distribution by geocoding the address of the company, the automobile industry-related companies were concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area and the Southeastern(Dongnam) region. The node importance was measured through degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality, and the network structure was confirmed by identifying density, distance, community detection, and assortativity and disassortivity. As a result, among the automakers, Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors, and GM Korea were included in the top 15 in 4 indicators of node centrality. In terms of company location, companies located in the Seoul metropolitan area were included in the top 15. In terms of company size, most of the large companies with more than 1,000 employees were included in the top 15 for degree centrality and betweenness centrality. Regarding closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality, most of the companies with 500 or less employees were included in the top 15, except for automakers. In the structure of the network, the density was 0.01390522 and the average distance was 3.422481. As a result of community detection using the fast greedy algorithm, 11 communities were finally derived.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

Objective : To define optimal method that calculate the safe direction of cervical pedicle screw placement using computed tomography (CT) image based three dimensional (3D) cortical shell model of human cervical spine. Methods : Cortical shell model of cervical spine from C3 to C6 was made after segmentation of in vivo CT image data of 44 volunteers. Three dimensional Cartesian coordinate of all points constituting surface of whole vertebra, bilateral pedicle and posterior wall were acquired. The ideal trajectory of pedicle screw insertion was defined as viewing direction at which the inner area of pedicle become largest when we see through the biconcave tubular pedicle. The ideal trajectory of 352 pedicles (eight pedicles for each of 44 subjects) were calculated using custom made program and were changed from global coordinate to local coordinate according to the three dimensional position of posterior wall of each vertebral body. The transverse and sagittal angle of trajectory were defined as the angle between ideal trajectory line and perpendicular line of posterior wall in the horizontal and sagittal plane. The averages and standard deviations of all measurements were calculated. Results : The average transverse angles were $50.60^{\circ}{\pm}6.22^{\circ}$ at C3, $51.42^{\circ}{\pm}7.44^{\circ}$ at C4, $47.79^{\circ}{\pm}7.61^{\circ}$ at C5, and $41.24^{\circ}{\pm}7.76^{\circ}$ at C6. The transverse angle becomes more steep from C3 to C6. The mean sagittal angles were $9.72^{\circ}{\pm}6.73^{\circ}$ downward at C3, $5.09^{\circ}{\pm}6.39^{\circ}$ downward at C4, $0.08^{\circ}{\pm}6.06^{\circ}$ downward at C5, and $1.67^{\circ}{\pm}6.06^{\circ}$ upward at C6. The sagittal angle changes from caudad to cephalad from C3 to C6. Conclusion : The absolute values of transverse and sagittal angle in our study were not same but the trend of changes were similar to previous studies. Because we know 3D address of all points constituting cortical shell of cervical vertebrae. we can easily reconstruct 3D model and manage it freely using computer program. More creative measurement of morphological characteristics could be carried out than direct inspection of raw bone. Furthermore this concept of measurement could be used for the computing program of automated robotic screw insertion.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.110-131
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the implications for facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. To identify the issues caused by the conflicts of policy objectives such as applying the tariff concession under the ITA and imposing the export control, by exploring the case of classification of drones. Design/methodology - We adopted a single case study method to gain a deeper understanding of the complex and multifaceted issues of Customs classification in the context of facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. This study employs the case of drones to explore how these issues of Customs classification affect trade facilitation. We ensured the internal validity of the study by confirming the pattern of the results with the existing theories. Findings - Our main findings can be summarised as follows: the intrinsic nature of the products that converge several technologies causes issues in the classification. The inconsistency in product classification delays customs clearance by hindering the Customs risk-management system that pinpoints products subject to controls. To address the issues, therefore, we proposed fundamental reforms of Customs to empower themselves with management roles. Facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0 requires more enhanced Customs capability. Therefore, the reforms should include comprehensive capacity-building activities, such as changes in staff-trainings, promotion system, organisation and culture. Customs also need roles in robust designing of cooperative systems to compensate for the lacks of controls and to ensure concrete risk management for expedited Customs procedures. As well, by equipping the Single Window of Customs with crucial control functions of other ministries, Customs need to support the cooperation. The role of harmonising various preaudits of other ministries with its own is another essential role that ensures predictability of clearance procedure. Originality/value - There are scanty studies in the field of knowledge about what obstacles exist and what solution is available in the course of transforming to 'Industry 4.0'. In filling out the gap of knowledge, this paper is of academic significance in that it applies the research theory on trade facilitation for the specific cases of classification of the product of Industry 4.0 to verify its effectiveness and to extend the subject of the studies to the scope of Industry 4.0. It also has practical significance in that the results have provided implications for reforms of Customs procedures to facilitate trade in the products of Industry 4.0.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.879-885
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• 2022

Of increasing global popularity is the multi-dimensional use and development of cities to address land use and urban issues caused by high urban density and challenging topography. In Korea, the city of Busan has a large proportion of mountainous areas, and the Gyeongbu Line that runs through the city's center has been interrupting this urban area for over 117 years. Because a lack of usable land is hindering the development of the city, introducing a multi-dimensional approach to urban development is seen as important. Accordingly, the Gyeongbu Line underground project is attempting to solve the problem of disconnection of Busan's city center and increase the amount of usable land for varied multi-dimensional use. In this study, by conducting a preference survey among those who live near the underground project sites of the Gyeongbu Line stations in Busan, the planned use of each available land arearesulting from the multi-dimensional development of railroadsand railway stations was investigated. However, in order to further the results of the survey, legal and institutional support is needed. There are limits to the multi-dimensional use of land, such as the lack of interconnection between individual laws and the lack of specific guidelines for multi-dimensional development.