• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2008

CAS계 유리에 $CaCO_3-Al_2O_3$ 혼합물 및 화합물을 10, 30 wt% 첨가하여 저온 소걸 및 마이크로파 유전 특성을 고찰하였다. CAS계 유리의 연화온도는 $841^{\circ}C$ 이며, CAS계 유리에 $CaCO_3$ 와 30 wt%의 $CaCO_3-Al_2O_3$ 혼합물을 melting되며, 10 wt%의 $CaCO_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $1CaCO_3-1Al_2O_3$ 혼합물 및 $CaAl_2O_4$ 화합물를 10 wt% 첨가하였을 때 $900^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 소걸이 가능하였다. 복합체의 XRD 상 분석 결과, CaCO3를 첨가하였을 때에는 모든 조성이 비정질을 나타내었고, $Al_2O_3$와 $1CaCO_3-1Al_2O_3$ 혼합물은 $Al_2O_3$ 결정상이 생성되었고, $CaAl_2O_4$ 화합물은 $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$의 hexagonal와 anorthite 결정상이 생성되었다. 따라서 CAS-10 (A, C-A, CA) 복합체는 $900^{\circ}C$에서 각각 유전율 ($\varepsilon_r$) 6.4, 6.9, 5.15 와 품질계수 ($Q^*f$) 2,400, 1,500, 3,000의 마이크로파 유전 특성을 나타내어 LTCC 기판 재료로 사용이 가능하며, 특히 $CaAl_2O_4$ 화합물을 사용하였을 때 가장 우수한 유전 특성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.273
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

Suitable compositions which are sinterable at low temperature in the $BaO-B_{2}O_{3}-ZnO$ glass system were investigated as a function of the ratio between BaO and ZnO. The effect of $Al_{2}O_3$ filler on densification and physical characteristics of the glass was also examined. When the amount of $Al_{2}O_3$ filler increased, the densification rate and the values of dielectric constant, thermal expansion coefficient and hardness in the glass-filler composites decreased gradually. The decreasing rate of the physical properties accelerated when fine $Al_{2}O_3$ filler was used. However, the fracture toughness of the composite rather increased due to the existence of filler particles and pores which effectively suppressed crack propagation with addition of fine $Al_{2}O_3$ filler.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2005

저온소결 Glass/Ceramic계 기판재료 조성으로 $Al_2O_3$, $SiO_2$, Cordierite, $Al_2O_3{\cdot}3SiO_2$의 4가지 filler에 zinc-borosilicate(ZBS) glass를 첨가하여 기판재료로의 사용가능성을 조사하였다. 4가지 filer에 ZBS glass를 30$\sim$50vol%첨가하여 $700\sim950^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 소결한 결과 40, 50vol%첨가 했을 때 900$^{\circ}C$에서 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었다. LSI칩 신호라인의 빠른 신호전달에 직접적인 영향을 주는 유전율은 기존의 $Al_2O_3$기관($\fallingdotseq$9.7)보다 저유전율 ($900^{\circ}C$에서 $Al_2O_3$-50vol%ZBS 5.7, $SiO_2$-50vol%ZBS 5.9, Cordierite-40vo1%ZBS 5.9, $Al_2O_3${\cdot}3SiO_2$-50vol%ZBS 4.9)을 나타내어 저온소결 기판재료로 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Abstract Spinel powder having a particle size of 0.9$\mu$m was calcined for 30 min at $1300^{\circ}C$, followed by ball milling for 4h, to obtain the spinel particle size of 3.29$\mu$m. The die-pressed spinel was presintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 2h and then lanthanum aluminosilicate glass was infiltrated at $1080^{\circ}C$ for 0~2 h to investigate the penetration kinetics in glass-spinel composite. The infiltration distance is parabolic in time due to capillarity. The strength and the fracture toughness of glassspinel composites were 317 MPa and 3.56 MPa $m^{1/2}$ respectively and dual microstructure of column (needle) and polygonal shapes as a result of recrystallization was observed due to the high calcination temperature.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2022

Concrete is the most widely used construction material. The heavy self-weight of concrete may offer an advantage when developing high compressive strength and good dimensional stability. However, it is limited in the construction of super-long bridges or very high skyscrapers owing to the substantially increased self-weight of the structure. For developing lightweight concrete, various lightweight aggregates have typically been utilized. However, due to the porous characteristics of lightweight aggregates, the strength at the composite level is generally decreased. To overcome this intrinsic limitation, this study aims to develop a construction material that satisfies both lightweight and high strength requirements. The developed cementitious composite was manufactured based on a high volume usage of hollow glass microspheres in a matrix with a low water-to-cement ratio. Regardless of the tested hollow glass microspheres from among four different types, compressive strength outcomes of more than 60 MPa and 80 MPa with a density of 1.7 g/cm³ were experimentally confirmed under ambient and high-temperature curing, respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.450-459
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to measure the initial dynamic modulus changes of light cured composites using a custom made rheometer. The custom made rheometer consisted of 3 parts: (1) a measurement unit of parallel plates made of glass rods, (2) an oscillating shear strain generator with a DC motor and a crank mechanism, (3) a stress measurement device using an electromagnetic torque sensor. This instrument could measure a maximum torque of 2Ncm, and the switch of the light-curing unit was synchronized with the rheometer. Six commercial composite resins [Z-100 (Z1), Z-250 (Z2), Z-350 (Z3), DenFil (DF), Tetric Ceram (TC), and Clearfil AP-X (CF)] were investigated. A dynamic oscillating shear test was undertaken with the rheometer. A certain volume ($14.2\;mm^3$) of composite was loaded between the parallel plates, which were made of glass rods (3 mm in diameter). An oscillating shear strain with a frequency of 6 Hz and amplitude of 0.00579 rad was applied to the specimen and the resultant stress was measured. Data acquisition started simultaneously with light curing, and the changes in visco-elasticity of composites were recorded for 10 seconds. The measurements were repeated 5 times for each composite at $25{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Complex shear modulus G*, storage shear modulus G', loss shear modulus G" were calculated from the measured strain-stress curves. Time to reach the complex modulus G* of 10 MPa was determined. The G* and time to reach the G* of 10 MPa of composites were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test ($\alpha$ = 0.05). The results were as follows. 1. The custom made rheometer in this study reliably measured the initial visco-elastic modulus changes of composites during 10 seconds of light curing. 2. In all composites, the development of complex shear modulus G* had a latent period for $1{\sim}2$ seconds immediately after the start of light curing, and then increased rapidly during 10 seconds. 3. In all composites, the storage shear modulus G" increased steeper than the loss shear modulus G" during 10 seconds of light curing. 4. The complex shear modulus of Z1 was the highest, followed by CF, Z2, Z3, TC and DF the lowest. 5. Z1 was the fastest and DF was the slowest in the time to reach the complex shear modulus of 10 MPa.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The esthetic component of dental care has become increasingly more important, while new tooth-colored materials are continually marketed. Various new indirect composite materials have been developed with required advantages. The most recent development in the indirect composites has been the introduction of the second-generation laboratory composite or poly-glass materials. They are processed by different laboratory techniques based on combinations of heat, pressure, vacuum and light polymerization. Although, second generation products became available in 1995, their characteristics and clinical performance have not been adequately investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to measure the mechanical properties of the second generation indirect resin system and compare these with an existing universal direct composite resin. Material and method: In this study four indirect composite material (Adoro LC, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Synfony) were tested for flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion against Z250, a light cure direct composite. Results: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. From the abrasion wear result, Adoro showed the least volume loss while Synfony showed the greatest volume loss. Z250 and BelleGlass HP didn't show significant difference (p>0.05), but they showed significant difference with other groups (p<0.05). From the attrition wear, BelleGlass HP showed the least volume loss and it didn’t show significant difference with Tescera (p>0.05). While Synfony showed the greatest volume loss that it showed significant difference with other groups (p>0.05). 2. Mean values of flexural strength by means of three point bending test was in the order of Z250, Adoro, Belleglass HP, Tescera and Synfony. Mean elastic modulus was in the order of Z250, BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 3. The result of Vicker‘s microhardness value showed that significantly higher value in Z250 (p<0.05), and is in the order of BelleGlass HP, Tescera, Adoro and Synfony. 4. The degree of conversion measured by FT-IR showed significantly higher value in BelleGlass HP (p<0.05), and is in the order of Adoro, Synfony, Tescera and Z250. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in the flexural strength, wear resistance, hardness and their degree of conversion.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2017

Structural battery has been researched extensively to combine the functions of the battery and structure without gravimetric or volumetric increments compared to their individual components. The main idea is to employ carbon fabric as the reinforcement and electrode, glass fabric as the separator, and solid-state electrolyte which can transfer load. However, state-of-the-art solid-state electrolytes do not have sufficient load carrying functionality and exhibiting appropriate ion conductivity simultaneously. Therefore, in this research, a system which has both battery and load carrying capabilities using glass fabric separator and liquid electrolyte was devised and tested to investigate the potential and feasibility of this structural battery system and observe electric properties. It was observed that elongating separator decreased electrical behavior stability. A possible cause of this phenomenon was the elongated glass fabric separator inadequately preventing the penetration of small particles of the cathode material into the anode. This problem was verified additionally by using a commercial separator. The characteristic of the glass fabric and the interface between the electrode and glass fabric needed to be further studied for the realization of such a load carrying structural battery system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2000

To overcome problems of conventional glass ionomers, resin components have been added to glass ionomers. On a continuum between glass ionomers and composites are a variety of blends, employing different proportions of acid-base and free radical reactions to bring about cure. Popular groups defined between the ends are resin-modified glass-ionomers(RMGIs), polyacid-modified composite resins(Compomers) and ionomer modified resins. These groups show different clinical properties, and in selecting these materials for a restoration, one should sufficiently understand these different setting properties. In this study, some difference in the setting characteristics of different groups of hybrid ionomers were examined. Two RMGIs (Fuji2 LC,GC / Vitremer, 3M), three Compomers (Dyract AP, Dentsply / F2000, 3M / Elan, Kerr) were involved in this study. The identification of the setting characteristics of different groups was achieved by a two-stage study. First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter, and then the hardness of each group at different depth and time were measured by a micro-hardness tester. Thermal analysis was performed to identify the inorganic filler content and to record the heat change during setting process. The setting process was progressed for each material by chemical set mode and light-cured mode. In the hardness test, samples of materials were prepared with a 6mm-diameter metal ring, and the hardness was measured at the top, and 1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm below at just after a 40 second-cure, and after 10 minutes, 24 hours, and 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney rank sum test to assess significant differences between set modes and types of materials, and by ANOVA and T-test to evaluate the statistical meanings of data at different times and depths of each materials. Followings are findings and conclusions derived from this study. Thermal analysis; 1. Compomers show no evidence of chemical setting while RMGIs exhibit heat output during the process of chemical setting. 2. Heat of cure of RMGIs exceed Compomers. 3. The net heat output of RMGIs through light-cured mode is higher than through chemically set mode. Hardness test; 1. Initial hardness of RMGIs immediately after light cure is relatively low, but the hardness increases as time goes by. On the contrary, Comomers do not show evident increase of the hardness following time. 2. Compomers show a marked decrease of setting degree as the depth of the material increases. In RMGIs, the setting degree at different depths does not significantly differ.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07b
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• pp.750-752
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• 1992

The paper presents the effects of environment on glass-cloth/epoxy composites exposed to humid air were investigated. Tests were performed at temperature 40$^{\circ}C$ and 70$^{\circ}C$ with the materials exposed to humid air at 76% and 90% relative humidity. This investigation surveyed include (a) the moisture absorption and desorption characteristics of single and multi layered composites exposed to steady and to transient ambients, and (b) the resulting changes in tensile strength, dielectric strength, tan $\delta$ and $\varepsilon_{\tau}$ and the effects of environment on these parameters were assessed.