• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-110
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• 2016

In Korea, only a small study based on the bibliotherapy program for responsibility promotion of at risk or alienated youth has been performed. The purpose of this proposed study is to further examine the challenges and effects of a group bibliotherapy program on alienated youth to determine the degree of success in terms of "responsibility" and/or positive results. The current research program included a relatively small sample size of 11 young people (2 boys, 9 girls) in the Suwon Youth Center from November to December, 2015. The alienated youth program consisted of 8 sessions in the correct activity center with or having levels of insight, application, and verification measured using the Lee Sang Ro et al. (1989), Developmental Responsibility Examination (Scale of Responsibility). As a result, this study will confirm that the program to raise the level of alienated youth responsibility produces positive effects. These results will provide additional theoretical rationale and implications capable for applying "responsibility" education for alienated youth to the overall field encompassing youth education. Based on this, it will be necessary to extend various identified methods in depth to achieve this overall goal.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver is a rare benign tumor, usually presenting in early childhood, Five children with mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver pathologically verified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1978 and 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. There were two girls and three boys, and their mean age at the operation was 16.0months (range, 4-32 months). Three patients presented with abdominal distension. A patient was detected incidentally, and another was detected by prenatal ultrasongraphic examination. Tumor size ranged from $10{\times}8.5cm$ to $34{\times}29cm$. Three tumors were located in the right lobe and two in the left lobe. Four cases underwent complete surgical resection, and the other one underwent incomplete surgical resection and marsupialization. Recurrence or malignant transformation was not noted. Five patients survived without evidence of disease for 35, 36, 38, 142 and 228 months. In conclusion, although mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver is benign lesion. it may be confused. and mixed with embryonal sarcoma. A recent report showed recurrence or malignant transformation after partial excision of the tumor. Therefore. complete excision of the tumor with surrounding normal liver tissue is recommended.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.893-898
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• 2011

Milk contains a number of nutrients required for human growth and development, such as disaccharide lactose which is significantly contained in milk and dairy products. About two thirds of world populations are reportedly suffering from lactose intolerance after drinking milk. Lactose intolerance is defined as a maldigestion of lactose in the human intestine with typical symptoms of abdominal pains, bloating, and diarrhea. In this study, incidence of lactose intolerance has been investigated for the elementary school children for 1 year from July, 2010 to June, 2011. It is found that about 70% of the total elementary students have joined the school milk program. Out of 636 total students that participated in this study, 449 were from the metropolis, 85 from middle-sized city, and 102 from the small town including rural areas (small town/rural areas). For distributions of lactose intolerance, 154 students (24.2%) were found to be positive among the total 636 subjects. Based on the size of the city, the symptoms were the most prevalent for the students in the small town/rural areas at 31.4% (32/102), followed by 30.6% (26/85) in middle-sized city, and 21.4% (96/449) in the metropolis. On the other hand, gender had no significant effect on the incidence of lactose intolerance, shown those for boys and girls were 24.8% (77/310), 23.6% (77/326), respectively. Further research is needed to confirm the correct incidence of lactose intolerance symptoms as the frequency is significantly affected by subject's digestive functions including irritable bowel syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

Objective : In order to provide normal values of the pediatric sub-axial cervical spinal canal and vertebral body growth pattern using computed tomographic scans, a total of 318 patients less than 10 years old were included. Methods : The growth of the vertebral body and canal space was investigated using four different age groups. The Torg ratio (TR) was calculated and all patients were classified into a low TR group and a high TR group according to a cutoff value of 1.0. To account for spinal curvature, the C3-7 angle was measured. Results : Very little axial expansion and growth in height were observed (2.9 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively), and the spinal canal increments (1.8 mm) were much smaller than the dimensions of the vertebral body. The mean TR values were $1.03{\pm}0.14$ at the C3 vertebral level, $1.02{\pm}0.13$ at C4, $1.05{\pm}0.13$ at C5, $1.04{\pm}0.13$ at C6, and $1.02{\pm}0.12$ at C7 in all patients. The mean sub-axial angle (C3-7) was $7.9{\pm}10.6^{\circ}$ (range: $-17-47^{\circ}$). Conclusion : The upper sub-axial spinal canal continuously increased in size compared to the lower sub-axial spine after 8 years of age. Considerable decrements in the TR was found after late childhood compared to younger ages. Generally, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in vertical length of the cervical vertebrae. However, the axial dimension of the vertebral body and the spinal canal space varied according to gender.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.43-59
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• 2011

These days there are so many music school graduates. There are also many private music education institutions. Therefor the competition in music private education market very tight. In old days people working in education music market had made big money and many parents wanted their girls and boys to learn piano and other musical instruments. However recently birth ratio in Korea has been dramatically dropped and not many parents wants their kids to learn musical instruments because of economic depression and negative music market. Eventually the size of the music education market is decreased dramatically and the competition in music education market is very hot. Therefor without the upgraded management system it is hard to expect over performance in music education market aspects. The purpose of this study was to find out what are the main factors that affect on business performance of the music education institutions. The main areas that researched in this study were success factors, reason of the start-up, and factors of management success. The research was conducted on the owners of the music education institutions. The factors that affect on the outcome of the business performance were diverse. Therefore the management of music education institutions also need the systematical analysis on the location, environmental factors, people nearby areas, differentiated market strategy and other analysis the same as corporate and business management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 1983

Rheological properties of the dough made from milled wheat products of various particle size, i.e., wheat shorts, girls and flour, and their effect on the loaf-volume potential of whole wheat bread were investigated in this study. One Korean wheat variety 'Cho-Kwang' was tested for suitability in whole wheat bread. The percent ash and protein content of the milled wheat products were 2.3% and 13.7% respectively. Ranges of 7.3, 5.6 and 4.8 mixograph peak-height were observed in Fraction 1(wheat flours), Fraction 2 (wheat girts) and Fraction 3(wheat shorts), respectively. Dought stability of Fraction 1 did not decreased appreciably as compared to that of commercial first grade baker's flour. Bread-baking test employing a standard formula showed that the wheat grits (0.2-0.5 mm in diameter) appeared to be the limit beyond which a rapid decrease in loaf-volume potential was noted. Optimum loaf volume and crumb characteristics were obtained in 80% wheat grits/20% wheat flour blend.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.341-352
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• 1985

The primary objective of this study is to estimate of the mesiodistal crown diameters of the unerupted permanent successors derived from the mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Korean population. The subjects were 54 individuals (twenty nine boys and twenty five girls) with normal occlusion aged 6 to 13 years. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and the successional permanent teeth were measured from the longitudinal dental cast models using the sliding calipers (Mitutoyo Co.). From the study, the results are as follows; 1. Sex differences of mesiodistal won diameters were less in the deciduous teeth, but male were more than that of female in the successional permanent teeth. 2. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous central incisors, lateral incisors, canines were smaller than that of the successional permanent teeth and the deciduous 1st molars, and 2nd molars were more larger than that of the successional permanent teeth. 3. Size differences between sum of the mesiodistal crown diameters of central incisors and lateral incisors in the decidous teeth and the successional permanent teeth were $7.20{\pm}1.79mm$ in upper, $5.38{\pm}1.64mm$ in lower and that of canine,1st molar and 2nd molar in the deciduous teeth and the successional permanent teeth were $0.56{\pm}1.19mm$ in upper, $2.22{\pm}1.19mm$ in lower. 4. In male, the correlation coefficients between the upper deciduous central incisor and the successional permanent tooth (r = 0.57) and in female, the correlation coefficients between the upper deciduous 1st molar and the successional permanent tooth (r=0.67) appeared the highest. 5. The regression constants were determined to estimate the mesiodistal crown diameters of the unerupted successional permanent teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.198-215
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• 1970

The basic purpose of this study is to explore the household economic effects on home administration. The major goals of home administration is to promote mental and physical welfare of the family members. In order to realize mental and physical welfare, the stability and satisfaction is needed. And to promote stability and satisfaction, the efficiency must be accomplished and the efforts is required. So the four variables to measure home administration situation are as follows. 1) The degree of the stability 2) The degree of the efficiency 3) The degree of the efforts 4) The degree of the satisfaction. The factor of Household economic level is the size of the family's money income. Although size of income is not the bases for either standard of living or Socioeconomic status, it is closely related to both. To solve this problem. Some hypotheses are specified as follows. Hypotheses I The degree of the stability is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will be more stable than low income level. Hypothesis II The degree of the efficiencies different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will be more efficient than low income level. Hypothesis III The degree of the efforts is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will more effort than low income level. Hypothesis IV The degree of the satisfaction is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will feel more satisfaction than low income level. In order to test those hypotheses random selection of 190 subjects from the four girls high schools in Seoul was made, and the parents of the students reported their home administration situation. The results of this study show that; 1) the group which is high income level revealed more stability than low income level. The differences of each group are revealed very significant. 2) The differences of the degree of the efficiency among the groups are unsignificant. 3) the group which is high income level revealed more effort than low income level. The differences of each group are revealed significant. 4) The group which is high income level revealed more satisfaction than low income level. The differences of each group are particularly significant. So the conclusion can be drawn from this study. Every group by income level revealed significant differences in home administration. So the household economy greatly effects on home administration.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.309-317
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone age on physique and physical fitness in elementary school students. For this purpose, the structural equation model test was conducted based on the three-year longitudinal study. The results were as follows. First, bone age in boys and girls (1st~3rd grade) has a direct effect on the change of body size, but it does not affect the change of physical strength. Second, the bone age of the senior male students(4~6 grade) gave a direct effect on the change of physique, 50m running, and sit-up. On the other hand, it gave an indirect effect on push-ups, sitting basketball throws, and standing long jump. Third, the bone age of the female students(grades 4~6) affected directly on body size change, sit-up, side step and indirect effect on 50m running, half squat jump, and standing long jump. These results indicated that the evaluation of the bone age of the subjects should be included in the exercise ability evaluation items for the male and female students in elementary school over the fourth grade in relation to the myofunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1565-1573
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• 2007

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of $K_2CO_3$ instead of NaOH on retting of the kenaf bast. We examined the relationship between separation of fiber bundle and tensile strength besides observing the color, handle and cross sectional view for the kenaf fiber retted with various concentration(100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 1000mmol) of $K_2CO_3$ and double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting. The one retted on low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, $150{\sim}200mmol$, showed the best result on color, handle and luster. The separation of fiber bundle started even at the low $K_2CO_3$ concentration, 100mmol, and as the $K_2CO_3$ concentration was higher, the size of the fiber bundle was smaller. In the case of 1000mmol, the fiber bundle became irregular, but they were breaking up into certain way. Regardless of $K_2CO_3$ concentration, the thinner the diameters of the kenaf fiber bundle, the stronger tensile strength have appeared. This result corresponds with the result of cross sectional view. Retting on $150{\sim}200mmol\;K_2CO_3$ concentration was most effective on fiber bundle#s separation and tensile strength. The one with double retted with 0.5% pectinase after $K_2CO_3$ retting showed very small size of fiber bundle and low tensile strength compare to the one just retted on $K_2CO_3$. This decrease of tensile strength seem to be related to damage of the fiber resulted by excessive fibrillation.