• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 1983

To elucidate the effect of ginseng butanol fraction on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, ginseng butanol fraction was administered before and after injection of streptozotocin(50mg/kg, i.v.), and glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels in serum were determined at 96 hours after streptozotocin injection. Serum glucose, insulin levels were significantly decreased by administration of ginseng butanol fraction (100mg/kg, p.o.) at 7 hour and 7, 4, 1, hour(three times) before streptozotocin injection. The glucose levels were significantly decresed by administration of ginseng butanol fraction at 1 hour (100mg/kg) after strcptozotocin injection, and also serum glucose levels in groups of continuous administration of ginseng butanal fraction(100mg/kg) for 3 days after streptozotocin injection were markedly decreased than in group of single dose of ginseng butanol fraction. Ginseng butanol fraction has the protective and relieving action against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of ginseng butanol fraction on the hepatic acetaldehyde metabolism. Experimental animals were used for the subject of the study. When, in case of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH), ginseng butanol fraction was added, enzyme activity was increased in a small dose, while, in a large dose, it showed inhibitory effect. In terms of kinetic aspect, ginseng butanol fraction has the effect to decrease the Km values of Ald DH. In vivo studies, the activity of Aid DH increased by induction of acute intoxication of ethanol was further increased through pretreatment with ginseng butanol fraction. When ginseng butanol fraction was given to mice fed with 5% ethanol instead of water for 60 days, the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 35% in chronic alcoholism, but after pretreatment of ginseng butanol fraction the activity was restored to the control level. By the pretreatment with disulfiram, the Ald DH activity was inhibited in normal and alcohol-treated groups, but after the treatment with ginseng butanol fraction the activity was restored to the control level. The results suggest that ginseng butanol fraction enhance the Ald DH activity inhibited by the treatment of disulfiram with no relation to NAD. It was observed that ginseng butanol fraction markedly decrease the acetaldehyde levels in plasma and liver. All these observations suggested that reduction of acetaldehyde in blood and liver should be dependent upon increased activity of mitochonclrial Ald DH. It is concluded that the recovery from alcohol intoxication should be prompted by treatment with ginseng.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effect of ginseng butanol fraction on ethanol induced hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity in rat. Ginseng butanol fraction increased the hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity which is inhibited by ethanol addition in the enzyme assay system, whereas not shown the ginseng effect in ethanol absence condition in vitro. It was found that ginseng butanol fraction improved the affinity of aniline hydroxylase under presence of ethanol in the reaction mixture. On the contrary ginseng butanol fraction showed significant decreasing effect on aniline hydroxylase activity induced by ethanol administration. These results suggest that ginseng butanol fraction regulate the hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity which is induced by ethanol consumption.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-170
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• 1991

Radiation protective fraction was Isolated and partially purified from Korean white ginseng. The effect of the fraction was studied on the cell survival of W-damaged CHO-Kl cells. As a result, it was found that the fraction increased the survival rate of damaged cells significantly within the dose range of which cytotoxicity did not appear This fraction was separated into two parts by adding butanol, namely the precipitated protein component and the butanol extract. Damaged cells were treated with each of these components and their survival rates were measured. The protein component demonstrated significant increase in the survival rates, while the butanol extract showed no such increment. These results suggest that the radiation protective effect of the ginseng fraction is originated from the butanol-precipitated protein component, not from the butanol-soluble compounds.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 1979

Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer which has been known for more than 2000 years, occupies a particular place in folk medicine as so called tonic remedy. The brief pharmacological action of Ginseng complied from the numerous reports can be summarized as adaptogenic effect to be increased nonspecific resistance. Among the various components of Ginseng, the effective components has been known Ginseng butanol fraction as so called Ginseng saponin. In order to study on the effect of the Ginseng butanol fraction which influences spontaneous activity by CNS drugs in mice. Experiment of response was measured the change of spontaneous activity by CNS drugs in which mice were treated Ginseng butanol fraction. A method of measuring spontaneous activity in mice used by counting the number of times which were interrupted a beam of light. Results of experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol fraction for 1 day, stimulating effect of Ginseng was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine in comparison with the control. at the first, but after 45 minutes no significant change was observed. 2. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol, fraction for 5days, decreasing tendency was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine. 3. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol fraction for 10days, marked decrease was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine in comparison with the control. From the experiment on the increased dose of caffeine, nonsignificant change was observed in comparison with caffeine and sodium benzoate 25mg/kg group. 4. A state of increased resistance was lasted until 5 days, and after 10 days it was disappeared. 5. Otherwise, nonsignificant change was observed for chlorpromazin HCl in comparison with the control. 6. From this result, 10 days administrating of ginseng butanol fraction appeared to have increased resistance in mice against caffeine.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 1996

In a preliminary screening of plant extracts for the antigastritic and antiulcer actions in rats, the extracts of head of Panax ginseng Radix showed positive activity in HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion. Among the systematic fractions of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water, the most potent butanol fraction reduced significantly HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion at the oral dose of 500 mg/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, hexane and butanol fraction showed decreases in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output, of which effects were stronger in butanol fraction. Further assays with butanol fraction disclosed that it significantly suppressed the aspirin-induced and Shay ulcer. The butanol fraction at the intraduodenal dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant stimulation of mucus secretion.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.13-21
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• 1984

The present study was undertaken to investigate an effect of ginseng butanol fraction(total saponin) on the hepatic ethanol metabolism, we used experimental animals for the subject of study. When, in case of ADH and MEOS, ginseng butanol fraction was added, enzyme activity was increased in a small dose, and on the contrary, in a large dose, showed inhibitory effect. in catalase, the activity showed no significant effect by adding ginseng butanol fraction. In the light of kinetic aspect, when, in reaction mixture, ethanol and ginseng butanol fraction were concurrently added and reacted, Km value of ADH and MEOS was decreased. After pretreated with ginseng butanol fraction and inducement of acute toxic state by ethanol, the activities of ADH and MEOS were increased to an extent of about 25% compared to controls. But catalase activity was not significantly affected. In case that ginseng butanol fraction was given to mice fed with 5% ethanol instead of water for 60 days, the activities of ADH and MEOS were increased about 20% to 50% compared to ethanol-treated group. On the contrary, catalase activity was not affected. But blood concentrations of ethanol were decreased due to ginseng butanol fraction treatment. All these observations suggested that reduction of ethanol blood concentration should be dependent upon increased activities of ADH and MEOS. Thereby it suggests the recovery from alcohol intoxication can be prompted by treatment with ginseng.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

From our previous result that Panax ginseng head extract had inhibition of gastric damages, the extract was fractionated. Among the hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions, butanol fraction Showed the most potent inhibition of HCl.ethanol-induced gastric lesion, aspirin-induced gastric ulcer, acetic acid-induced ulcer and Shay ulcer. Butanol fraction showed significant increase in mucin secretion, and inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H^{+}/K^{+}ATPase$ activity in the stomach. This results indicate that the effectiveness of the fraction on gastric damages might be related to inhibition of acid secretion, increment of mucin secretion and antioxidant property.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1983

The effect of ginseng butanol fraction (total sponin) on the absorption rate of ethanol in rat intestine was examined. Ginseng butanol fraction showed inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of ethanol in situ as well as in vitro test. Ginseng butanol fraction markedly decreased the ethanol blood level, delayed onset time of ethanol effect and shortened sleeping time when it was adminstered orally together with ethanol. These results suggest that ginseng may alter the ethanol blood level by decreasing the intestinal absorption of ethanol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.2 s.129
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• pp.151-155
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• 2002

Previously, we have reported that the butanol fraction of the head of Panax ginseng had significant gastroprotective activity on gastritis and gastric ulcer models of rats. Considering the safety of the fraction for development of new anti-ulcerative agent or food supplement, general pharmacological study was carried on. The fraction was revealed that have no influence on spontaneous activity, phenobarbital-induced sleeping time, rotarod test, body temperature, gastro-intestinal motility, respiration and blood pressure. The fraction showed weak analgesic action in writhing syndrome and did not show any sign of acute toxicity in mice.