• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study aims to understand the degree of inequality of surveyed amenity resources and identify which resource and region have the highest concentration by estimating Lorenz Curve and the Gini's Coefficient. The Lorenz Curve and Gini's Coefficient derived from economics are introduced as tools for investigating and quantifying regional variability of amenity resources concentration. This study describes the concepts underlying the application of the Gini's coefficient to measure the concentration of amenity resources in 11 regions, Chungbuk Province, Korea. The Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the cumulative distribution of amenity resources and the Gini's Coefficient provides a single-parameter measure of the distributional concentration of amenity resources. Also the Gini's Coefficient is compared to the number of amenity resource for understanding distributional difference between concentration and quantitative distribution of amenity resources. The results demonstrate significantly different regional variation according to the amenity variables: almost intact nature, interaction between nature and man, man-made.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

Most of countries are trying to increase the supply of renewable energy as the substitute of the fossil energy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, renewable energy sources account for only about 3.86% of the total Korea primary energy supply. To increase the rate of renewable energy in Korea's energy consumption, various policies for expanding the use of renewable energy should be applied. Also these policies should be consider renewable energy resources distribution and regional inequality. In this study, the potentials of photovoltaic, wind power and bioenergy from rice straw, livestock waste and food waste are calculated and the distribution characteristic and regional inequalities are analyzed using Gini's coefficient and Gini decomposition method. As the results, technical potentials of photovoltaic and wind power of city region(Gu) has more potential rate than theoretical potentials. Livestock waste has the most unequal distribution (Gini's coefficient: 0.617) among renewable resources.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.392-405
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of income inequality on consumption expenditure in other to understand income-led growth policy. This is basically resulted in the income inequality had gotten worse since global financial crisis in many economies. Malthusian hypothesis which signifies the relationship between the income inequality and the consumption expenditure revisited for this purpose. The paper utilizes multiple break points regression and TGARCH model, and these methodologies are tentatively applied to the case of U.S and U.K. This is because that long-run time series data enables to formulate a stylized fact in general. Empirical evidence suggests that there does not exist a solid relationship among APC, income inequality by Gini coefficient, and consumption expenditure before the year of 2000, but Malthusian hypothesis is supported by weak basis in U.S while strong basis in U.K after since then. It implies that the income inequality has to be alleviated to maximize its effectiveness of the income-led growth policy.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2010

The purpose of Inequality Index Decomposition is to know the cause of overall inequality through decomposing aggregate inequality index into relevant components. Previous studies have mostly focused on the absolute contribution meaning that how much each component possesses out of overall inequality. However it could be more important to know the marginal contribution and inequality effect of each component in order to implement policies reducing overall inequality effectively. For this, we decomposed Gini Coefficient as representative inequality index into income sources or social welfare programs and calculated each Gini Income Elasticity(GIE). Analysis result says that regular employee income and employer(or the self-employed) income, of which GIE are 1.205 and 1.867, are classified as inequality-increasing income source. GIE can be one of good methods to analyse the inequality effect of various income sources and social welfare programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.301-311
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to analyze degree of geographic maldistribution of physicians and changes in the distributional pattern in Korea over the years 1980-1985. In assessing the degree of disparity in physician distribution and in identifying changes in the distributional pattern, the Gini index of concentration was used. The geographical units selected for computation of the Gini index in this analysis are districts (Gu), cities (Si), and counties (Gun). Locational data for 1980 and 1985 were obtained from the population census data in the Economic Planning Board and regular reports of physicians in the Korean Medical Association. The rates of physicians located counties to whole physicaians were 10.4% in 1980 and 9.6% in 1985. In term of the ratio of physicians per 100,000 population, rural area had 9.18 physicians in 1980 and 12.95 in 1985, 7.13 general practitioner in 1980 and 7.29 in 1955, and 2.05 specialists in 1980 and 5.66 in 1985. Only specialists of genral surgery and preventive medicine were distributed over 10% in county and distribution of every specialists except chest surgery in county increased in 1955, comparing with that rates of 1980. The Gini index computed to measure inequality of physician distribution in 1985 indicate as follows; physicians 0.3466, general practitioners 0.5479, and specialists 0.5092. But the Gini index for physicians and specialists fell -15.40% and -10.42% from 1980 to 1985, indication more even distribution. The changes in the Gini index over the period for specialists from 0.3639 to 0.4542 for districts, from 0.2510 to 0.1949 for cities, and 0.5303 to 0.5868 for counties indicate distributional change of 24.81%, -22.35%, and 10.65% respectively. The Gini indices for specialists of neuro-surgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, tuberculosis, preventive medicine, and anatomical pathology in 1985 were higher than Gini indices in 1980.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

This research aims to identify regional inequitable development through the analysis of facilities distribution pattern. This study describes the concepts underlying the application of the Gini's coefficient and decomposition method to measure the regional inequitable development in Sun-chang County, Jeonbuk Province, Korea. We used the facility data surveyed for three years, from 2010 to 2012 for facility distribution pattern that RDA surveyed. These data have been serviced on the web. The Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the inequitable facility distribution and the Gini's Coefficients quantifies the distribution pattern. And furthermore, Gini Decomposition represents intra regional inequalities. These applied techniques can describe how the local development affects other district and change regional inequalities.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

In this study, population census(2005 & 2008) from Statistics Korea and the statistical data of the number of hospital beds by healthcare facilities classification from Ministry of Health and Welfare were used. For analyzing distribution of hospital beds, hospital beds were classified as acute care beds, long-term care beds and all hospital beds, which is including acute and long-term care beds. Regional areas, which are city(si), county(goon) for the study and district(gu) were reclassified as metropolitan city, city(si) and county(goon). Because there were 165 regional areas in 2005 and 2008, 84 and 81 areas were classified as metropolitan city and/or city and county, respectively. Gini index were calculated for hospital beds from each year, and Lorenz curves were drawn. The following summary presents the findings of this study. Compared to the year 2005 and 2008, the Gini index was 0.24472, and hospital bed numbers increased slightly by 0.80% than in 2005. In case of acute care beds, the Gini index was 0.23797(0.13%), and there was no big difference; however, the Gini index for long-term care beds was 0.41091, and there was a 30.25% decrease, which shows improvement to reduce disparities. It might result from an increase in long-term care beds up to 476.2%. For geographical equality of hospital beds, the Gini index and Lorenz curve, which can be compared the degree of inequality in the distribution of hospital beds reasonably and possibly show statistical data, should be used. Through this study, the distribution policy of hospital beds should be established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

Although the relationship between income and income inequality has previously been discussed, the present study applies a dynamic approach to analyze the specific relationship between forest household income and income inequality. For this analysis, a unit root test and a cointegration test were conducted to characterize the nature of income time-series data. After converting unstable time-series data into stable time-series data, a VAR model was estimated. Based on this model, an impulse-response was generated and variance-decomposition analysis was performed. These analyses showed that the effect of forest household income was relatively larger than that of the Gini coefficient, and that the impact of forest household income not only caused income to increase but also caused the Gini coefficient to decrease. In addition, the impact of the Gini coefficient had an impact on reducing forest household income and further increasing income inequality. We conclude that, with the aim of alleviating the inequality of forest household income, an income growth policy would be more effective than an income distribution policy.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

Upon analyzing several Korean Income data sets, it is confirmed that the relationship between Gini coefficient and bi-polarization measure (EGR) is empirically not different although they each come from different theoretical basis. Furthermore, it is difficult to state that the degree of polarization of income distribution, measured by DER, in Korea has deepened more than that of income inequality, estimated by Gini coefficient, in the periods of before and after the economic crisis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.169-187
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• 2015

Ports as central factors of the logistics industry and principal bases in industrial activities play a significant role in the development of the social economy. This paper takes the throughput data from 2000 to 2014 of 10 container ports located in China as the research object with the Gini coefficient and employs the shift-share analysis. It aims to analyze the changes in port concentration and movement of container throughputs and propose a stage of development port system in China. The results are as follows. First, the system of container ports clearly moves northward. According to the above shift-share analysis, the throughput moves from the Pearl River Delta to the other two regions. This indicates that the center of Chinese container port system moves northward. Second, container port diversification development takes a representative position in the change of container throughput space structure. According to the calculation results of Gini coefficient, diversified development gradually predominates the change of container throughput space structure.