• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.1% extracts of garlic on dental plaque and gingivitis in a double blind and crossover clinical studies in 33 healthy adults aged from 20 to 22 years who provided a consent for their participation. Oral examination was performed through clinical periods and on day of baseline, 6, 13, 19, 25 days plaque index and gingival index were scored by Turesky' modified index and L$\ddot{o}$e & Silness index. After 12, 19, 25 days use of their respective dentifrices, statistically decreases of plaque index, gingival index were shown in both the experimental and the control group, respectively, Experimental group exhibited significantly the lower plaque levels and the higher levels of gingival health by the use of the dentifrices contained extract of garlic from 12 days compare with control group(p<0.05). The degree of decrease was more significant on gingivitis level of the experimental group than the control group(p <0.05). This result indicate that the use of dentifrice containing extract of garlic has a positve effect in preventing plaque and gingivitis and treating periodontal diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1995

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the relationship between the early change of gingival condition and methyl mercaptan concentration during experimental gingivitis. Ten men(23-25 years old) whose gingiva were clinically healthy were selected. The participants have ceased to perform all forms of oral hygiene during 14 days and then did thorough plaque control for 7 days. For each subject, the methyl mercaptan concentration was measured by $B.B.Checker^{(R)}$ (Bad Breath Checker with printer, Tokuyama Soda Co.,LTD., Japan)before experiment and 1,4,7,14,21 days during experiment. Plaque index(Silness & $L\ddot{o}e$), gingival sulcus depth and sulcus bleeding index($M\ddot{u}hlemann$ & Son)score were recorded. The results were as follows. 1. Methyl mercaptan concentration increased continuously from the first day to the 14th day, decreased on the 21th day but it was still higher(P<0.001). 2. Plaque index score and sulcus bleeding index score tended to increase on the 4th day, markedly increased on the 14th day and returned to baseline level on the 21th day. 3. There was parallel relationhsip among methyl mercaptan concentration, plaque index score and sulcus bleeding index score. This result suggests that methyl mercaptan concentration increased with deterioration in gingival health, but decreased during recovery of normal health condition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.475-484
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• 2003

Many tooth cleansing instruments and agents have been developed for removal of plaque, inhibition of plaque formation and reduction of gingival inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque control effect and the therapeutic effect of newly developed tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)). 40 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in control group only used manual tooth brushing and in experimental group used manual tooth brush and additive tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)). Additive tooth cleansing instrument was used once a week. At baseline scaling and tooth brushing instruction was performed. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index were scored at baseline, 2weeks, 4weeks. Probing depth of control and experimental group were significantly reduced at 2 weeks, 4weeks, hut there were no differences between two groups(P<(0.05). Bleeding on probing, plaque index and gingival index of control and experimental group were significantly reduced at 2weeks and 4weeks and there was significantly more reduction in the experimental group than the experimental group than the control group(p<(0.05). From these finding. it can be conclude that newly developed tooth cleansing instrument(Belloblanco(R)) are effective on the removal of plaque and the reduction of gingival inflammation

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influential factors of stress and fatigue on peridontal indicators in patients with periodontal disease. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire study was conducted during November 2012 to January 2013 with 140 periodontal patients. The Fatigue and Stress were evaluated with Multidimensional Fatigue Scale(MFS) and Psychosocial Well-bing Index(PWI). Periodontal health indicators were consisted with gingival index and pocket depth. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Overall stress and fatigue level of subjects were $22.61{\pm}5.62$ and $64.67{\pm}9.45$. Gingival index and periodontal pocket depth as periodontal health indicators were $1.26{\pm}0.3$ and $4.29{\pm}0.52$. The influential factors of gingival index and periodontal pocket depth were social function(subcategory of pwi) and depression(subcategory of pwi), respectively. Conclusions: Some subcategories of PWI were related with periodontal health indicators. So, consideration of stress related with depression and social function are needed to manage and prevent periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.465-475
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of subgingival irrigation using some oral mouth rinses on early healing process of periodontal inflammation. The study population consisted of 13 patients with periodontal inflammation and distributed into 4 groups. Oral hygiene instruction, delicate scaling and root planing were done and then irrigated per 3 days during 2 weeks in situ with 1 of 4 solutions ; normal saline, C31G, Benzotonium chloride and tetracycline. Examination regarding probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index, gingival recession and leukocytes differential count was performed. Evaluation was made at the baseline and 2 weeks after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The results were as follows : 1. Clinical indices including probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index and gingival recession were significantly improved from baseline to 2 weeks. But there was no significant differences among 4 groups. 2. PMNs percent on leukocytes differential count was significantly decreased from baseline to 2 weeks on all groups. Those of tetracycline and C31G were significantly decreased than those of normal saline group. These results suggest that clinical indices were not different, but the decrease of inflammation were significantly different among some mouth rinses.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship of probing attachment levels, radiographic measurements and surgical measurements according to gingival inflammatory condition. Patients with incipient to moderate periodontitis were selected. Upper and lower premolar and molar teeth excluding third molars were measured. At first visit, gingival index and bleeding on probing were taken, and subjects were grouped into 4 categories as follows : Experimental group I : gingival index 1 and no bleeding on probing. Experimental group II : gingival index 2 and no bleeding on probing absent. Experimental group III : gingival index 1 and bleeding on probing present. Experimental group IV : gingival index 2 and bleeding on probing present. Probing attachment levels were measured with manual probe on mesial and distal surfaces from cementoenamel junctions to terminal ends of probe. Radiographic measurements were made to assess bone loss by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest. After thorough scating, a flap was raised exposing the alveolar bone and surgical measurements were made from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone. The results were as follows: 1. Differences between probing attachment level and radiographic measurements showed $1.01{\pm}0.73mm$ for experimental group I, $0.98{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group II, $0.59{\pm}0.66mm$ for experimental group III, $0.98{\pm}0.38mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 2. Differences between probing attachment level and surgical measurements showed $1.36{\pm}0.80mm$ for experimental group I, $1.47{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $1.06{\pm}0.39mm$ for experimental group III, $1.41{\pm}0.40mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 3. Differences between surgical and radiographic measurements showed $0.36{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group I, $0.51{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $0.57{\pm}0.72mm$ for experimental group III, $0.41{\pm}0.49mm$ for experimental group IV and with significant difference between experimental group I and experimental group II, III, IV(P<0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of study was to compare blood glucose in capillary finger-prick blood and gingival crevice blood using a self-monitoring blood glucose device among patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. Methods: Thirty patients with gingivitis or periodontitis and bleeding on probing (BOP) were chosen. The following clinical periodontal parameters were noted: probing depth, BOP, gingival bleeding index, and periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected from gingival crevicular blood (GCB) and capillary finger-prick blood (CFB). These samples were analyzed using a glucose self-monitoring device. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study. Data were analyzed using a Pearson's correlation coefficient and Student's t-test. A r-value of 0.97 shows very strong correlation between CFB and GCB, which was statistically highly significant (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The authors conclude that GCB may serve as potential source of screening blood glucose during routine periodontal examination in populations with an unknown history of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.539-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a nonabsorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p${\leq }$0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.406-420
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Chlorhexidine, Listerine and hypertonic saline mouthrinse without periodontal pack during 2 weeks following periodontal surgery. Twelve patients were treated with modified Widman flap procedures. Each fourth patients assigned to chlorhexidine mouthrinse group, Listerine mouthrinse group and control group. Each group wasn't significant difference in clinical and microbiologic parameters at preoperation. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, change of gingival color postsurgically, pain index and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluations were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks postsurgically. The results were as follows: 1. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse group and Listerine mouthrinse group were significantly different in plaque index at the first, the second and the fourth weeks 2. The pocket depth of three groups were significantly reduced at the fourth weeks. 3. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse group and Listerine mouthrinse group were significantly different in change of gingival color at the first week. 4. Cocci and non-motile rods were increased at the first and the second weeks. But, motile rods and spirochete were increased at the fourth weeks.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Background: Obesity weakens acquired immunity and causes infection. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory markers in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum and periodontal bacteria in saliva through obesity control for 4 weeks. Methods: Forty-six subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 kg/m² stayed in the camp for 4 weeks, followed by exercise and a low salt-low fat diet. Body size measurements, oral examinations, blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after the program. C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the gingival sulcus fluid were measured. After extracting bacterial genomic DNA from saliva, the presence of periodontal bacteria were detected using Taq probe. The relationship of each index before and after the program was analyzed through paired t-test and partial correlation analysis. Results: Campylobacter rectus (Cr) increased after the program, and there was no significant change in other bacteria. Serum CRP and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cr, ratio of Fn, and ratio of Cr had a positive relationship at baseline; however, the relationship was not significant after the program. Ratio of Prevotella intermedia had a positive relationship with MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-1β at baseline. Moreover, the ratio of Treponema denticola and the ratio of Tannerella forsythia showed a positive relationship with MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β. The relationship between the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis and IL-1β showed a constant positive relationship at baseline and after the program. Conclusion: Obesity control program in subjects with a BMI of ≥23 kg/m² accompanied by diet and exercise did not affect the changes in periodontal bacteria itself, but changes in the relationship between periodontal bacteria and serum CRP, the relationship between the inflammatory index in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal bacteria was observed.