• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.571-576
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• 2005

Cytokines are proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system and play a significant role in initiating and regulating the inflammatory process. In this research, an important cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene, has been identified and characterized from zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome database. Zebrafish IL-10 is located within a 2690 bp fragment and contains five exons and four introns, sharing the same organization with mammalian IL-10 genes. An open reading frame of 543 bp was found to encode a putative 180 amino acid protein with a signal peptide of 22 amino acids, which shares 29.7-80.9% homology with amino acid sequences of other known IL-10. The signature motif of IL-10 is also conserved in zebrafish IL-10. The predicted transcript was finally confirmed by sequencing of cDNA clones. Multi-tissue reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to examine the tissue distribution and expression regulation of this gene in seven organs of normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation zebrafish. The results demonstrated that this gene was expressed slightly in normal kidney, gill and gut, no expression was detected in other four tissues. The expression was clearly upregulated after LPS stimulation. Using the ideal zebrafish model, further study of IL-10 characterization and function may provide insight on the understanding of the innate immune system.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

Reproduction and organ system of the oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis in Isa stream were investigated by means of histological methods. Sex ratio was observed 1 : 1 in female to male. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the female showed two peak in December and April. The ovipositor length index (OLI) represented irregular change. From the histological analysis of the organ system, epidermal atrophy and hyperplasia of pigment cell were observed in the skin. Epithelial layer lifting of the lamella and bifurcation of the filament were observed in the gill. Also histological changes as congestion, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatic cell, glomerular dilatation, hyaline droplet degeneration of renal tubule epithelium and pycnosis of interstitial cell were identified in the liver and kidney, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.367-375
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• 2012

In this study, hull form of main vessel of Korean large purse seiner fishing industry is developed for the improvement of resistance performance as well as for the satisfaction to the Standard of Fishing Convention, ILO. Through the modification of reference hull form parameters and local characteristics, the hull form development is carried out. The optimum hull form parameters are searched by Sequential Quadratic Programing(SQP) method with the power estimation method of Holtrop & Mannen. To minimize the wave resistance, bulbous bow parameters are determined by the bulbous bow design method of Alvarino. The plasmatic curve is redesigned from that of the reference hull by using Lackenby method. The resistance performances of the reference and designed hull forms are estimated by using numerical simulation method. Also, the judgment of seakeeping ability and the estimation of intact stability for the designed hull form is carried out. As a result, the optimum hull form is proposed. To verify the improvement of resistance performance, model tests are carried out in towing tank. The results show that the resistance of the designed hull form is about 14% smaller than that of the reference hull from at design speed. A new hull form proposed in this study can contribute to the development of the main vessel hull form of Korean large purse seiner fishing system.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.391-399
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• 2012

This paper presents a method of hull form design for the assistant vessel which is used both as a lighting boat and a fish carrying boat for the fleet of newly formated purse seiner vessels. The optimum hull form parameters are searched by the Sequential Quadratic Programing(SQP) method with the power estimation method of Van Oortmerssen. The prismatic curve is redesigned from that of the reference hull by the Lackenby method. Through the modification of the hull form by using a CAD system, the design procedure is completed. The resistance performances of the reference and the modified hull forms are estimated by using a numerical simulation method. Also, the estimation of seakeeping ability and stability for the modified hull forms are carried out. And then, an optimum hull form is proposed for the designed hull form. Ship model tests for the reference and the designed hull forms are carried out at ship model basin. The results of the experiments show that the effective horse power of the designed hull form is about 22% smaller than that of the reference hull form at design speed. The designed hull form proposed in this study will contribute to the development of the hull form for Korean large purse seiner vessels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.262-270
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• 2017

Yersinia enterocolitica is a well-known foodborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The strain Y. enterocolitica FORC_002 was isolated from the gill of flatfish (plaice) and its genome was sequenced. The genomic DNA consists of 4,837,317 bp with a GC content of 47.1%, and is predicted to contain 4,221 open reading frames, 81 tRNA genes, and 26 rRNA genes. Interestingly, genomic analysis revealed pathogenesis and host immune evasion-associated genes encoding guanylate cyclase (Yst), invasin (Ail and Inv), outer membrane protein (Yops), autotransporter adhesin A (YadA), RTX-like toxins, and a type III secretion system. In particular, guanylate cyclase is a heat-stable enterotoxin causing Yersinia-associated diarrhea, and RTX-like toxins are responsible for attachment to integrin on the target cell for cytotoxic action. This genome can be used to identify virulence factors that can be applied for the development of novel biomarkers for the rapid detection of this pathogen in foods.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2008

The interaction between advancing ships and the waves generated by them plays important roles in wave resistances and ship motions. Wave breaking phenomena near the ship bow at different speeds are investigated both numerically and experimentally. Numerical simulations of free surface profiles near the fore bodies of ships are performed and visualized to grasp the general trend or the mechanism of wave breaking phenomena from moderate waves rather than concentrating on local chaotic irregularities as ship speeds increase. Navier-Stokes equations are differentiated based on the finite difference method. The Marker and Cell (MAC) Method and Marker-Density Method are employed, and they are compared for the description of free surface conditions associated with the governing equations. Extra effort has been directed toward the realization of extremely complex free surface conditions at wave breaking. For this purpose, the air-water interface is treated with marker density, which is used for two layer flows of fluids with different properties. Adaptation schemes and refinement of the numerical grid system are also used at local complex flows to improve the accuracy of the solutions. In addition to numerical simulations, various model tests are performed in a ship model towing tank. The results are compared with numerical calculations for verification and for realizing better, more efficient research performance. It is expected that the present research results regarding wave breaking and the geometry of the fore body of ship will facilitate better hull form design productivity at the preliminary ship design stage, especially in the case of small and fast ship design. Also, the obtained knowledge on the impact due to the interaction of breaking waves and an advancing hull surface is expected to be applicable to investigation of the ship bow slamming problem as a specific application.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to development the diagnosis indicators for the fatigue group without disease using analysis of questionnaire data. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups, the fatigue group with disease, the fatigue group without disease, non-fatigue group without disease. Thirteen kinds of questionnaire (Fatigue visual analogue scale, Fatigue severity scale, Pain visual analogue scale, Short-form McGill pain questionnaire score, Headache impact Test-6, Neck disability index, Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score, Blood stasis assessment scale, Physical activities questionnaire score, Beck depression inventory, Anger expression inventory score, Mood disability scale, Job stress scale) were carried out for the subjects. Results The results of this study are ; 1) The weight, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were different among three groups. 2) Among nine questionnaires related to the physical or life conditions, the averages of eight questionnaires were not same one another. 3) Among four questionnaires related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system, the averages of Beck depression inventory were not same one another. Conclusion The fatigue group without disease can be diagnosed through using the both the questionnaires related to the physical or life condition and the those related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

The extensible supply of New & Renewable energy resources desperately needs to counter the high dependence on imported energy, recent high oil prices and the Climate Change Conference, and the government has operated the 'Renewable Portfolio Standard' (RPS) as one of the renewable energy policy from 2012. By analyzing the operation case of combined heat and power plant using the woodchip biomass, we drew the price of wood chip fuel, plant capacity factor, electricity selling price, heat selling price and LCOE value. After analyzing the economic feasibility of 3MWe combined heat and power plant based on the operating performance, the minimum of economic feasibility has appeared to be secured according to the internal rate of return (IRR) is 6.34% and the net present value (NPV) is 3.6 billion won as of 20 years life time after installation, and after analyzing the cases of the economic feasibility of the price of wood chip, plant capacity factor, electricity and heat selling price are changed, the economic feasibility is valuable when the price of wood chip is over 64,000 won/ton, NPV is minus, and the capacity factor is above 46.9%, the electricity selling price is 116 won/kWh and the heat selling price is above 75,600 won/Gcal. When going over the new installation hereafter, we need the detailed review of the woodchip storage and woodchip feeding system rather than the steam-turbine and boiler which have been inspected many times, the reason why is it's hard to secure the suitable quality (constant size) of woodchip by the lack of understanding about it as a fuel because of the domestic poor condition and the calorific value of woodchip is seriously volatile compared with other fuels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2010

For an effective management of fisheries resources, we need fisheries informations necessary for the establishment of reasonable fishing effort and TAC distribution. To study the present state of by-catch and discard of gill-net fishery in the East Sea, we carried out fishing research using trammel nets in the coastal sea of Susan-port (Yangyang), Jangho-port (Samcheok) and Hupo-port (Uljin). As a result, a total of catch of Susan was 259,172g and that of Hopo was 577,638g. Thus Catch of Susan was 1.49 times more than that of Hupo considering the number of used fishing gear. And catch of Janho was 7.4 times more than that of Susan considering the number of experiment. Two methods of by-catch analysis in this study were used, one method is standardizing of listed species catching possible in fishing license, another method is regarding catch species under 1% of total catch as by-catch. As a result of by-catch analysis of two method, by-catch rate of Susan was 6.55% and 5.87% respectively, that of Hupo was 44.70% and 5.24% and that of Jangho was 0.96% and 2.31%. Discard rate of fish in Susan, Hupo and Jangho were 1.59%, 3.42%, 2.23% respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.559-571
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• 2022

Galectins, a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins, have emerged as soluble mediators in infected cells and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) responsible for evoking and regulating innate immunity. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of galectin-1 in the host immune response of redlip mullet (Liza haematocheilia). We established a cDNA database for redlip mullet, and the cDNA sequence of galectin-1 (LhGal-1) was characterized. In silico analysis was performed, and the spatial and temporal expression patterns in gills and blood in response to lipopolysaccharide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Lactococcus garvieae were estimated via quantitative real-time PCR. Functional assays were conducted using recombinant protein to investigate carbohydrate binding, bacterial binding, and bacterial agglutination activity. LhGal-1 was composed of 135 amino acids. Conserved motifs (H-NPR, -N- and -W-E-R) within the carbohydrate recognition domain were found in LhGal-1. The tissue distribution revealed that the healthy stomach expressed high levels of LhGal-1. The temporal monitoring of LhGal-1 mRNA expression in the gill and blood showed its significant upregulation in response to immune challenges with different stimulants. rLhGal-1 exhibited binding activity in response to carbohydrates and bacteria. Moreover, the agglutination of rLhGal-1 against Escherichia coli was observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that LhGal-1 may function as a PRR in redlip mullet. Furthermore, LhGal-1 can be considered a significant gene to play a protective role in redlip mullet immune system.