• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2011

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome after delivery. Infants of diabetic women have higher incidence of congenital malformations than those of non-diabetic women. This study was performed to determine elevation factors associated with increased blood glucose in 350 pregnant women. Subjects were examined in June, 2011 to September, 2011 in Geongnam province. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels were measured by Olympus AU 680, and their body mass index (BMI) calculated. The mean total cholesterol levels were 223.22 mg/dL, triglyceride 188.38 mg/dL, and fasting blood glucose 100.18 mg/dL. Serum glucose level was significantly higher in the age group of 40 years($109.51{\pm}16.26mg/dL$) than 20 years and 30 years. And increase in triglyceride(>250 mg/dL) was significantly related to high blood glucose level($110.83{\pm}24.78mg/dL$), and increase in BMI(>26) was significantly related to high blood glucose level($114.03{\pm}27.09mg/dL$). However, cholesterol levels were not significantly related to high blood glucose level. In conclusion, the significant elevation factors in relation to the glucose levels were age, triglyceride, and BMI.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2023

The administration of angiotensin type 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) during pregnancy is known to cause ARB fetopathy, including renal insufficiency. We aimed to analyze the outcomes of two patients who survived ARB fetopathy and perform an accompanying literature review. Case 1 was exposed antenatally from a gestational age of 30 weeks to valsartan because of maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension. The patient presented with oliguria immediately after birth, and renal replacement therapy was administered for 24 days. Seven years after birth, renal function was indicative of stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) with impaired urinary concentration. Case 2 had a maternal history of hypertension and transient ischemic attack and was treated with olmesartan until 30 weeks of pregnancy. Renal replacement therapy was performed for 4 days since birth. After 8 years, the patient is with CKD stage 2, with intact tubular function. Recent reports suggest that ARB fetopathy might manifest as renal tubular dysgenesis and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, in contrast to mild alterations of glomerular filtration. Tubular dysfunction may induce CKD progression and growth retardation. Patients with ARB fetopathy should be monitored until adulthood. The ARB exposure period might be a critical factor in determining the severity and manifestations of fetopathy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

Objective : To evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective fetal reduction (SFR) and compare the outcome of twin pregnancy after SFR in multiple pregnancy induced by assisted reproductive technology (ART) with that of natural twin pregnancy. Methods : From September 1995 to March 2002 in Ajou University Hospital, SFR was performed in 79 patients whose gestational sacs were more than 3. Of these 79 patients, 47 patents resulted in twin pregnancy after SFR. SFR was performed using transvaginal intracardiac KCl injection at gestational age of $6{\sim}9$ weeks. Control group was composed of 264 patients with natural twin pregnancy, who delivered after intrauterine pregnancy at 24 weeks, from June 1994 through December 2002. We compared Obstetric and perinatal outcomes between SFR group and natural twin group. Results: Among 47 patients with twin pregnancy after SFR, 2 spontaneous abortion were occurred at intrauterine pregnancy at 8 and 19 weeks. Obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were available in 43 patients. Single intrauterine fetal death was occurred in 1 of 43 (2.3%) patients in SFR group. Incidence of preterm labor, premature rupture of membrane, preeclampsia and placenta previa were similar, but gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was occurred more frequently in SFR group (3 (7.0%) vs 4 (1.5%), p=0.02). Mean gestational age, mean birth weight, incidence of discordancy, use of intubation and ventilation, incidence of fetal anomaly, low (<7) Apgar score and intrauterine growth restriction were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Twin pregnancy after SFR has the increased incidence for GDM but other obstetric and perinatal outcome was similar compared with natural twin pregnancy. So SFR is a safe and effective procedure, so we suggest SFR is needed in multifetal pregnancy more than triplet.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.419-431
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the correct knowledge on GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) to nurses for effective care of pregnant women with GDM by investigating the knowledge of nurses about GDM. The subjects of this study were 557 nurses who work at six general hospitals in Seoul and Gyung-Gi province of Korea. The data were collected from November, 2000 to December, 2000, using a 30-item knowledge questionnaire about GDM consisted of eight areas developed by Choi et al. (2000): characteristics and diagnosis, influence on pregnancy, goal and method of management, diet therapy, exercise therapy, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and postpartum care of GDM. The data were analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of knowledge on GDM was 23.18. 2. There were significant differences according to age(p= 0.002), education background (p= 0.045). working period(p= 0.000), working unit(p= 0000), working experience of obstetric and gynecologic (OS & GY) units(p= 0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.003) and experience of delivery (p=0.014) in GDM knowledge. 3. The level of each area on GDM knowledge was as follows; 1) Area of characteristics and diagnosis of GDM The mean score of this area was 0.79. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.003), marital status (p=0.018), working period(p=0.002) working unit(p=0.007), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.005), experience of pregnancy(p=0.034) and experience of delivery(p=0.033). 2) Area of influence on pregnancy The mean score of this area was 0.93. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.006), working unit (p=0.000) and working experience of OB & GY units(p= 0.000). 3) Area of goal and method of management The mean score of this area was 0.70. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.004), region(p=0.006), education background(p=0.013), marital status(p=0.007), working period(p=0.000), working unit(p=0.011), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.002), experience of pregnancy(p=0.025) and experience of delivery(p=0.043). 4) Area of diet therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.74. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.002), region(p=0.011), marital status (p=0.001). working period (p=0.007). working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.001), experience of pregnancy(p=0.001), experience of delivery(p=0.011) and diabetes patients in family members(p=0.032). 5) Area of exercise therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.83. There were not significant differences in all general characteristics. 6) Area of insulin therapy The mean score of this area was 0.61. Nurses' knowledges were significant differences by age (p=0.024), marital status (p=0.048), working period(p=0.027), working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.047) and experience of delivery(p=0.040). 7) Area of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The mean score of this area was 0.83. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by marital status (p=0.027), working period(p=0.001). experience of pregnancy(p=0.020) and experience of delivery(p=0.010). 8) Area of postpartum care The mean score of this area was 0.69. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by working unit(p=0.000), working experience of OB & GY units (p=0.000) and working experience of medical unit(p=0.047). The results of this study are suggested that nurses might be taught systemically and individually about GDM so that they can become more proficient in detecting and preventing GDM, and therefore they will feel confident to teach GDM to women.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

임신 중 비만은 다양한 합병증을 증가시키고, 출산 시 여러 가지 문제를 유발한다. 그러나 이러한 비만인 산모가 임신중 부정적인 영향을 받는 요인들에 대한 종합적인 분석은 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산모의 신체질량지수를 이용하여 비만 정도에 따른 고위험 질환의 일곱 가지 발생요인들의 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 임신 중 정기검진을 받은 산모 279명을 대상으로 산모의 비만정도를 신체질량지수로 분류하고 산모의 신체질량지수와 임신성 고혈압, 임신성 당뇨, 갑상선자극호르몬과의 유의성을 판단하기 위해 차이분석을 실행하였다. 또한 산모의 나이, 신장기능, 총콜레스테롤, 신생아몸무게와 어떠한 연관성이 있는지 파악하기 위해 회귀분석을 실행하였다. 그 결과, 산모의 비만정도가 높을수록 고혈압 산모, 당뇨산모, 이상갑상선수치를 가진 산모의 비율이 높게 나타났으며 산모의 신체질량지수와 나이, 총콜레스테롤, 신생아몸무게와는 양의 상관관계, 신장기능수치와는 음의 상관관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2022

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disease associated with growth impairment, severe obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. High proportion of PWS patients are born small for gestational age (SGA) than normal children, which also increase the risk of growth impairment and metabolic dysfunction in PWS. We aimed to compare growth outcome and metabolic profiles between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) PWS patients. Methods: Data of 55 PWS children and adults aged more than 2 years old (32 male and 23 female, age 2-18.8 years) from single center were studied. Only patients who were treated with GH were included. The clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Among 55 subjects, 39 had 15q11-13 deletion and 16 had uniparental disomy (UPD). Twenty (36.3%) were born SGA. All patients received GH treatment, and 11 (20%) discontinued GH treatment. Mean age at GH treatment initiation was 2.5 (range 0.3-12.4) years, and mean duration of treatment was 6.3 (range 1.0-11.3) years. Current height-SDS (-0.36 vs -0.16) and BMI-SDS (1.44 vs 1.33) did not differ between AGA and SGA group. Two patients in SGA group, but none in AGA group had diabetes mellitus. Mean glucose level was also higher in SGA group (100.1 vs 114.4 mg/dL). Conclusion: Our report gives an overview of growth profile and metabolic dysfunctions recorded in GH treated PWS patients. Growth profile did not differ between AGA and SGA group. Glucose level was higher in SGA group, so more careful monitoring and prevention for DM will be required in SGA group.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

목 적: 체외수정으로 출산한 쌍태아와 자연임신으로 출산한 쌍태아 간의 산과적 결과의 차이를 비교하고자 한다. 연구방법: 2000년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 출산한 146건의 쌍태아에 관한 산과적 기록을 검토한 후, 출생 시 재태연령이 24주 이상이며 체외수정으로 임신한 72건을 연구군 (체외수정군), 자연임신한 51건을 대조군 (자연임신이군)으로 나누어 연구를 시행하였다. 결 과: 두 군 간에 산모 연령, 출산 시 재태 연령, 태아체중 등의 차이는 없었지만, 임신성 고혈압과 임신성 당뇨의 발생 위험도는 체외수정군에서 높았다 (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.01$\sim$6.66). 20% 이상 태아 체중 차이와 같은 성의 쌍태아 발생의 위험도는 체외수정군에서 낮았다 (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14$\sim$0.96, OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21$\sim$0.99). 결 론: 본 연구의 결과로는 체외수정으로 출생한 쌍태아는 자연임신으로 출생한 경우보다 태아 체중 차이의 빈도 및 같은 성 출생의 빈도가 낮았다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2011

목적: 부당 경량아와 자궁 내 성장 지연을 혼동하여 사용하고 있다. 실제 부당 경량아 중 약 70% 정도는 기질적으로 작게 태어난 경우로 자궁 내 성장 지연으로 인한 부당 경량아에 비해 주산기 합병증의 위험이 거의 없다. 그러나 자궁 내 성장 지연으로 인한 부당 경량아를 구별할 수 있는 뚜렷한 방법은 아직 없다. 저자들은 자궁 내 성장 지연의 위험 인자 중 모체의 고혈압, 당뇨병에 초점을 맞춰 고혈압 및 당뇨병 산모의 부당 경량아와 자궁내 성장 지연의 위험 요인을 발견할 수 없었던 부당 경량아를 대상으로 모체의 질환에 따른 임상적 특징과 혈액학적 특징을 비교해 보고 부당 경량아의 출생 시 자궁 내 성장 지연의 정도 및 예후를 예측하는 데 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2010년 7월까지 가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원과 여의도 성모병원에서 출생한 부당 경량아 중 모체의 고혈압, 당뇨 이외의 자궁 내 성장 지연의 위험 인자를 가진 환아를 모두 제외한 163명을 대상으로 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 임상적 소견, 혈액학적 소견을 기록하였다. 대상군을 모체의 질환에 따라, 재태 연령에 따라, 재태 연령과 모체의 질환을 함께 고려하여 세가지 방법으로 분류하여 비교하였다. 결과: 모체의 질환별로 전체 부당 경량아를 분류하였을 때 예후, 임상적 특징은 큰 차이가 없었으나 고혈압 산모에서 출생한 부당 경량아에서 백혈구와 혈소판이 유의하게 낮았으며 (P=0.004, P=0.003) 혈소판 수치는 재원 기간과 관련성이 있었다. 미숙아 부당 경량아와 만삭아 부당 경량아를 재태 연령과 출생 체중을 보정하여 비교하였을 때에도 미숙아 부당 경량아에서 백혈구와 혈소판이 유의하게 낮았다(P <0.001, P <0.001). 그러나 미숙아 부당 경량아를 모체의 질환에 따라 비교하였을 때에는 이러한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 백혈구와 혈소판 수의 감소와 자궁 내 성장 지연의 발생과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 자궁 내 성장 지연아의 이학적 소견과 이러한 혈액학적 특징을 함께 고려한다면 자궁 내 성장 지연을 진단하는 데에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper examines the effects of Particulate Matter on human bodies and the possibility of treating them with Chinese or Korean medicines. Methods : This paper categorizes the diseases caused by Particulate Matter, as well as the causes, pathology, prevention methods, and effectiveness of treatments by Chinese and Korean medicines. Based on these results, it analyzes whether such diseases can be managed by Chinese and Korean medicine. Results : Particulate Matter is known to affect respiratory organs, skin, circulatory system, nervous system, gestational diabetes, and other parts of the human body. While studies show evidence that treatments by Chinese and Korean medicines can reduce symptoms of some diseases and improve bodily functions that are damaged by Particulate Matter, there is no statistically significant evidence that they can provide fundamental treatments nor treat irreversible damages. Conclusion : Currently, there is no definite evidence that Chinese and Korean medicine can treat symptoms and diseases caused by Particulate Matter. Therefore, some Korean medicine doctors' arguments that Korean medicine is effective in treating such diseases are problematic, and thus, there is a need for much research in this field.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise patterns and the factors affecting exercise duration in pregnant women. Methods: The survey was conducted to assess walking and exercise duration in 146 pregnant participants, who live in Gyeongsang area. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression using the SPSS Win 23.0 program. Results: The average age of the participants was 31 years, and more than 87% of them were primigravida. The differences in the mean walking duration, the daily exercise duration, and the exercise days of participants before and during pregnancy were not statistically significant, but the exercise duration during pregnancy was decreased compared to that before pregnancy. The factors affecting weekly exercise duration were diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, concern about weight gain during pregnancy, and monthly income. Conclusion: The results of this study show that development of an educational program to teach proper exercise practices during pregnancy is recommended.