• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2009

Dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum) has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes. However, the dandelion seeds are relatively difficult to germinate under cultivation conditions, which hampers seedling propagation of dandelion plants and reduces the opportunity of usage of such a useful medicinal plant. Thus, in this study, in vitro conditions for the dandelion seed germination were optimized to enhance the germination rate. In seed washing steps, the sequential treatments with 20% of ethanol, 20% of NaOCl, and distilled water avoided microbial contamination with the highest in vitro germination rate (67.5%) from seeds sown in germination media. The media supplemented with 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose significantly enhanced the germination rate compared to the media with 4.4 g/L of MS and 3% of sucrose. Sowing the seeds vertically in the optimized media supplement conditions, 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose, gave the maximum in vitro germination rate (61%), which was almost three times higher than sowing seeds on a soil pot (23%). Our results indicate that the seed washing and sowing methods including germination medium supplements can be optimized to enhance in vitro seed germination of dandelion.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1969

The effects of some chemicals for the germinative stimulation of Clostridium chauvoei spore studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Cooked meat medium (CMM) was superior to Liver-liver bouillon (LLB) for cultivation of the organisms. 2. Heating the organisms at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes prior to cultivation in CMM stimulated the germination rate. 3. The addition of 0.5mM L-alanine to CMM was found to be most effective for the rapid germination of the spores. 4. The addition of 0.2 mM D-alanine to CMM inhibited the germination of the spores even if the spores were heat treated. 5. The addition of 0.1mM manganese retarded the germination time, but the final germination rate was greater with 0.1mM manganese than with 0.5mM L-alanine. 6. The addition of both 0.5mM L-alanine and 0.1mM manganese stimulated the germination rate to 100 per cent. 7. The germination rate was greater with the addition of germination stimulants than without any stimulants. The germination rate was approximately 6 per cent greater with prior heat treatment than without heat treatment. 8. The optimum time for the harvest of vegetative forms of the organisms was 15 hours after cultivation in the media which contain suitable germination stimulants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2016

To find the optimal propagation condition for endangered Cypripedium macranthos Sw., also known as lady's slipper orchid, the effect of various organic additives on in vitro germination, protocorm formation and seedling growth was investigated during asymbiotic seed culture. When $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ coconut water was added to the basal medium, the highest germination rate and protocorm formation rate were achieved, with 70.8% and 74.2% respectively. Supplementation of phloem sap from birch tree or maple tree also showed a facilitating effect to improve the germination and protocorm development. With $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ birch sap or maple sap, both the germination and protocorm formation rates were roughly more than 65% and 68%. The roots and buds of the seedlings grew vigorously in the medium containing $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ coconut water or phloem sap, in particular, their bud formation rates increased by more than 70%. Addition of banana powder and peptone could not create a more significantly favorable culture condition, and non-addition had the worst results. Our results demonstrated that proper organic amendments such as coconut water and phloem sap might be preferred to in vitro germination and the growth of seedlings developed from the protocorm of C. macranthos Sw. during asymbiotic seed culture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2000

본 시험은 1997년 연암축산원예대학 부속실험목 장에서 석회, zeolite 및 rock phosphate의 조합비율과 피복 종자의 크기를 달리 하였을 때 목초의 발아 및 초기생육에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 수행되었다. 피복한 tall fescue 및 orchardgrass의 발아세 및 발아율은 피복하지 않은 종자에 비하여 낮았다. Tall fescue 피복종자의 발아율은 석 회 70 %와 rock phosphate 15% 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 그리고 피복종자의 크기는 소형 (직경 2 mm 이하)이 중형 (직경 2~3 mm)과 대형 (직경 3 mm 이상)에 비하여 발아율이 높게 나타났다. 한편 orchardgrass 피복종자의 발아율에 서는 석회 55%와 rock phosphate 30% 처리구가 다른 피복 처리구에 비하여 높았다. 한편 피복종자의 크기는 소형이 대형과 중형보다는 발아울이 높았다 (p<0.05). 피복한 alfalfa 및 bridsfoot trefoil 종자의 말아세 및 발아율은 피복하지 않은 종자에 비하여 낮았다 Alfalfa의 피복종자 중에서는 석회 70%와 rock phosphate 15% 및 석회 45%와 rock phosphate 55% 처리구가 다른 피복 종자보다 발아율이 높았다. 피복종자의 크기간에는 중형이 소형과 대형보 다 발아율이 높았다 (p<0.05). 한편 birdsfoot trefoil의 피복종자 중에서는 석회 45%와 rock phosphate 40% 처리구가 다른 피복종자에 비하여 발아세와 발아율이 높았다. 피복한 tall fescue 및 orchard grass의 정착률과 초기생 육은 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 피복처리구 중에서는 두 초종 모두 석회 45%와 rock phosphate 40% 처리구가 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). Alfalfa의 경우도 정착률과 초기생 육은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 피복처리구 중에서는 석회 75%와 rock phosphate 10% 처리구의 정착률과 초기생육이 각각 46.4% 및 $72.6\;g/\textrm{m}^2$으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). Birdsfoot trefoil은 피복 처리구 중에서는 석회 55%와 rock phosphate 30% 처리구의 정착률과 초기생육이 각각 46.4% 및 $44.6\;g/\textrm{m}^2$으로 가장 높았다 (p<0.05) 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 피복종자의 발아율은 초종 마다 약간의 차이가 있으나 rock phosphate를 증가 시키고 석회를 감소시킬 때 증가하며, 종자의 크기는 alfalfa를 제외하고는 소형종자 (직경 2 mm 이하)가 발아율이 높은 것으로 생각된다. 한편 정착률과 초기생육은 화본과 목초에서는 rock p phosphate를 중가 시키고 석회를 감소시킬 때 증가 할수 있다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of new alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments, often requiring up to a year or more. One solution for reducing autotoxicity would be to select germplasms or cultivars with tolerance to the autotoxic chemical(5) and use genetically breeding program. Bioassay of seed germination and early seedling growth was conducted to evaluate autotoxic responses of 3 varieties of alfalfa to the water-soluble extracts(at 4 and 8g/L) from alfalfa ‘Cody’leaf by using agar and filter paper medium in a petri-dish assay. Root length at 5 days after seeding was more sensitive to the extract than was hypocotyl length or seed germination, and was a better parameter of autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts. Use of an agar medium gave better sensitivity of root length than did use of filter paper. Evaluating tolerance with percent of control was more important indicator than was mean of root length because of significant variation among varieties in root length of control treatment. Bioassay ranked varieties in the following order of tolerance on the basis of relative root length; “Cody” >“ Pioneer 5373” >“ Alfagraze”. Seedling growth from old “Cody” seed was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemical(5) than was that from newly produced seed.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

This study describes for the first time in Pinus genus a plant regeneration system via a combined pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from immature seeds of radiata pine. Somatic embryos were obtained from embryogenic line 2162 of Pinus radiata D. Don on EDM basal medium containing $60{\mu}M$ ABA and 6% sucrose. The explants used for organogenesis experiments were either freshly collected somatic embryos or somatic embryos germinated for 1 week. Germination medium was half-strength LP medium, supplemented with 0.2% activated charcoal. Different induction periods and BA concentrations were assayed for shoot induction. After induction treatments, explants were elongated on the same medium used for germination stage. Rooting medium was quarter-strength LP medium supplemented with three different auxin treatments: $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and $1mg\;L^{-1}$ IBA with $0.5mg\;L^{-1}$ NAA (MIX). The effect of the photon flux ($120mmol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and darkness) in the first week of the explants in the rooting media was also tested. This methodology could offer an alternative to overcome some problems associated with somatic embryogenesis such as the seasonality of embryogenic tissue (ET) initiation or a low embryo production from the ET, a particularly important issue in the case of genetically transformed ETs.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2000

천궁 (Cnidium officinale)의 잎, 엽병 및 화기 외식편을 재료로 하여 2,4-D가 첨가된 배지에 배양하였을때 캘러스 형성은 어느 외식편에서나 비슷한 수준으로 유기되었지만 배형성능 캘러스는 화기유래 캘러스에서만 형성되었다. 체세포배발생의 유도는 2mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 MS배지에서 잘 일어났으며 2,4-D제거배지에서 계대배양하면 외식편당 78개의 체세포배가 형성되었다. 체세포배의 자엽수에 있어서 변이가 빈번하게 관찰되었으나 배지에 1% 활성탄을 첨가하면 비정상적인 자엽수를 갖는 체세포배의 발생률이 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 자엽기 체세포배는 MS 기본배지에서 저조한 발아율을 보이는 반면에 활성탄 첨가배지에서는 현저한 발아 향상을 보였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

상추종자는 크기가 불균일하여 기계화 파종이 어렵다. 펠렛의 목적은 종자크기를 증가시켜 기계화 파종을 가능하게 하여 파종과 솎음노력을 절감하고 종자를 절약하는데 있다. 펠렛 접착제 종류 및 농도에 따라 발아율과 발아일수에는 큰 차이가 있었다. 사용된 접착제 가운데 polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)에서 전반적으로 발아가 원활하였고 다음이 polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose(HEC), methyl cellulose(MC), tween 80 순으로 나타났다. 펠렛 파복물질의 종류에 따라 발아율이 달랐는데 전반적으로 diatomaceous earth 및 talc + calcium carbonate가 다른 펠렛 피복물질에 비해 발아율도 높고 발아일수도 다눅되어 상추의 종자 펠렛에 적합한 피복물질이었다. 반면 Limestone, calcium oxide, bentonite 등은 발아율이 저조하였다. 상추종자는 펠렛 후 종자의 크기가 33배 증가되었다. 펠렛종자에 영양물질 첨가는 발아율이 약간 감소되었고, 발아일수도 지연되는 경향이었다. 첨가되는 영양물질의 급원에 따라서도 펠렛종자의 발아력에도 차이가 있었는데, 대체적으로 MS medium이 monosodium phosphate 보다 발아억제 정도가 낮았다. Priming 후 펠렛된 종자는 무처리 종자를 펠렛한 경우에 비해 발아율이 높았고 조기발아 하였다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

두릅나무 (Aralia elata Seem.) 2년 생 11개체의 동아를 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose, 0.3% gelrite를 포함한 MS 고체 배지에서 체세포배 형성, 발아 및 식물체 재분화에 미치는 개체목의 효과를 조사하였다. 배발생 캘러스의 유도는 개체목에 따른 차이가 있었으나 발아 및 식물체 재분화는 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 배발생 캘러스는 대체로 노란색을 띠었고, 조성은 비배발생 캘러스보다 부드럽고 생장은 다소 느렸다. 체세포배의 발아 및 식물체 재분화는 MS배지의 염류 농도가 크게 영향하였고, 기본배지보다는 염류 농도를 반감시킨 1/2 MS배지에서 BA및 ABA의 처리에 관계없이 양호한 배발아 및 식물체 재분화를 나타냈다. BA처리는 0.1mg/L 농도에서 배축과 자엽 발달에 다소 촉진효과를 나타냈으나 발아와 재분화율은 기본배지보다 우수하지 못했다. 발아되는 배는 자엽수 및 형태에 있어 다양한 변이를 나타냈다. ABA처리는 두릅 체세포배의 발아 및 재분화에 비효과적이었다. 재분화된 식물체는 인공배양토에서 95%이상 환경순화되어 포지에 이식 후 형태적 변이 없이 정상생장이 가능하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2002

This paper deals with the study on comparative efficacy and in vitro activity of cow urine and cow dung for controlling root rot disease of cucumber caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae Snyder & Hansen following slide germination and mycelial growth inhibition tests. Results showed that both germination of conidia and the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth decreased or suppressed and varied greatly with respect to different hour and days of incubation and kind of bio-matters. In between two bio-matters cow urine was found more effective than that of cow dung in conidial germination. No germination of conidia was recorded after one hour of incubation in any medium whereas in cow urine germination of conidia was not also observed even after 2 hours of incubation. After 7 hours of incubation out of 200 conidia of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, 28 in cow urine and 64 in cow dung were germinated while in control a total germinated conidia was 185. In case of percentage inhibition of conidial germination the highest percentage(100%) was recorded in cow urine after 2 hours of incubation followed by 3 hours(96.0%), 4 hours(91.0%) and 6 hours(89.4%). During the test on inhibition of mycelial growth, the highest percentage(62.8%) was recorded in cow urine potato dextrose agar(CUPDA) medium tested after 4 days of incubation, followed by 3 days(60.5%), 5 days(56.5%) and 2 days(55.0%). In this test cow dung potato dextrose agar(CDPDA) had less efficacy in suppression of the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth.