• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses and toxicities of risk-adapted chemotherapy in pediatric intracranial germ cell tumors(IC-GCT). Methods : Fourteen patients who were diagnosed as IC-GCT from October 2002 to December 2003 received chemotherapy as an initial treatment modality. The low risk(LR) group was defined as follows : Pure germinoma and normal AFP level. Beta-hCG level 50 mIU/mL or less. The others belonged to the high risk(HR) group. Chemotherapy was composed of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and vincristine. Double doses of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide was used in HR patients. Results : Pathologic confirmation was done in all but one. Median age at diagnosis was 11.6 yr (1.2-18.7 yr), and nine patients belonged to the HR group. Tumor markers were normalized after chemotherapy in all patients whose tumor markers had been elevated. Four LR patients(80 percent) and seven HR patients(77.8 percent) showed complete response(CR) at the end of chemotherapy. An additional two of the three patients with partial response(PR) achieved CR after radiation therapy (RT), and the remaining one relapsed before RT. Four LR and all HR patients experienced infectious episodes that required hospitalization. Four of the nine HR patients(44.4 percent) suffered from tinnitus, three of whom developed sensorineural hearing loss. All but one are surviving, event-free, with a median follow-up of 13.9 mo(8.1-22.3 mo). Conclusion : Risk-adapted cisplatin-based chemotherapy was effective even in HR patients, but regimen modification seems to be necessary to avoid an unacceptably high toxicity rate.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.298-308
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• 2024

Sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) is an important factor for embryonic development and carcinoma malignancy. However, the localization of Six1 varies due to protein size and cell types in different organs. In this study, we focus on the expression and localization of Six1 in male reproductive organ via bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescent detection. The potential interacted proteins with Six1 were also predicted by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and Enrichr analysis. Bioinformatic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression project databases showed that SIX1 was highly expressed in normal human testis, but low expressed in the testicular germ cell tumor sample. Human Protein Atlas examination verified that SIX1 level was higher in normal than that in cancer samples. The sub-localization of SIX1 in different reproductive tissues varies but specifically in the cytoplasm and membrane in testicular cells. In mouse cells, single cell RNA-sequencing data analysis indicated that Six1 expression level was higher in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs) and differentiating spermatogonial than in other somatic cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed the cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in mouse testis and mSSCs. Further PPIs and Enrichr examination showed the potential interaction of Six1 with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) and catenin Beta-1 (CtnnB1) and stem cell signal pathways. Cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in male testis and mSSCs was probably associated with stem cell related proteins Bmp4 and CtnnB1 for stem cell development.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2000

Germ-line mutations at DNA repair loci confer susceptibility to colon cancer in hereditary non-polypopsis colorectal cancer. Somatic loss of DNA mismatch repair gene has been reported in a large variety of other tumor types. Replication errors(RERs) judged by microsatellite instability(MSI) and its associated mutations have been recognized as an important mechanism in various tumor types. To investigate associations between MSI and oral squamous cell carcinoma, the frequency of MSI using 12 microsatellite markers were analyzed for the series of oral tumors. Of 17 tumors, 8 cases(47%) did not show instability at any of the 12 loci; 5(29%) showed instability at $2{\sim}3$ loci; and 4(24%) showed instability above 4 loci. The 4 cases showing widespread MSI did not differ from those without evidence of instability in terms of age at diagnosis, degree of differentiation, metastasis to lymph node, tumor location or the presence of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. DCC and D17S 796 were the most frequently detected in MSI analysis. There were no correlation between smoking and MSI frequency, instead, smoking was suggested to increase the mutation rate of p53 and development of oral carcinomas.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.627-631
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• 2006

Purpose: Ischial region is common site of pressure sore as well as greater trochanteric area. In general, ischial pressure sore associated with a large subcutaneous bursa often requires radical surgical treatment. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol which was considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore. Methods: From may 2005 to February 2006, 11 ischial pressure sore patients were treated sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol. The authors performed sclerotherapy using absolute ethanol in 11 patients in whom the ischial sore has recurred despite of multiple radical surgical treatment. The patients' original disorders were spinal cord injury in 9 patients, cerebral palsy in 1 patient and giant cell tumor in thoracic vertebrae 1 patient. Results: Recurrence of pressure sore was not found in any patient during the follow-up period. The swap of the bursa taken before the surgery was germ cultured and compared with the discharge from an end of the inserted drain tube. The germ cultured results after the surgery were tested negative in all patients. Conclusion: This method involves causing the bursa to become scarred and closing it up by sterilizing, fixing, and denaturing by the pharmacologic effect of absolute ethanol instead of surgical excision of the bursa. We felt that aforementioned treatment modality may be considered as an alternative in treating recurrent ischial pressure sore.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2010

Malignant ovarian tumors in children are very rare, and consist of about 1 % of all childhood malignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis for children with malignant ovarian tumors. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children under 15 years of age with malignant ovarian tumors who had been treated surgically at Asan Medical Center between 1989 and March 2009. There were 32 patients, ranged in age at surgery from 2 to 15 years (mean; 10.4 years). The median follow-up period was 64.7 months (from 1 month to 188 months). Pathologic diagnosis were; immature teratoma (n=10), mixed germ cell tumor (n=10), and dysgerminoma (n=6). Tumor stage was classified by the staging system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). The number of patients in stage I, II, III, and IV were 24 (75 %), 2 (6.2 %), 4 (12.5 %), and 2 (6.1 %), respectively. The tumor recurred in 4 patients. Seven patients of group 1 did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and in three of them, the tumor recurred. Twenty-five patients (group 2) underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and there was only one recurrence. One patient who did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and expired 10 months after operation because of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. The overall 5-year event free survival (EFS) was 84.2 %: group 1 in 44.4 %, and group 2 in 95.7 %. Tumor recurrence was related to the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.004). In conclusion, proper surgical procedures with relevant postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy might improve clinical results in children with malignant ovarian tumors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 2003

Testicular teratoma is characterized that has more than one germ cell layer in various stages of maturation and differentiation. The incidence of mature teratoma varies from 2 to 9% of all germinal testicular tumor. Only 3 cases of bilateral teratoma have been reported in the literature to date. The teratoma can occurs at all ages but is most common between the age of 15-35 year. It is relatively infrequently seen in childhood and infancy. In these age group, teratoma tends to be a benign. Recently, we experienced one case of bilateral testicular teratoma in 4 month-old infancy. We report a case of bilateral testicular teratoma found infancy with review of related literatures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.791-794
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• 2008

Pneumomediastinum is a rare, but well recognized complication of bleomycin-induced lung toxicity. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has to be considered as one of the causes when the dyspnea becomes aggravated in patients with bleomycin induced lung toxicity. We describe here two patients who suffered with germ cell tumor and they developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax, and this was caused by bleomycin-induced lung toxicity.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2005

Primary liver tumors are uncommon in childhood, with a relative frequency of 3 % of all childhood tumors. Seventy-three cases of pediatric primary liver tumors operated on at single institution between 1986 and 2002 were reviewed. Malignant tumors included 37 cases of hepatoblastoma, 11 hepatocellular carcinomas, 6 undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcomas, and 1 mixed germ-cell tumor. Benign tumors constitute only 24.6 % of liver tumors, including 7 hemangioendotheliomas, 5 mesenchymal hamartomas, 3 congenital cysts, and one each with focal nodular hyperplasia and hemangioma. The common presenting clinical features were abdominal mass or abdominal distension. Anatomical hepatic resections were carried out in 38 cases, and nonanatomical resections in 34 cases. One patient died of a direct result of hepatic resection (1.4 %). The complication rate was 16.4 %.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2009

Some environmental chemicals have been shown to cause liver-toxicity as the result of bioaccumulation. Particularly, fungicides have been shown to cause varying degrees of hepatictoxicity and to disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis in in vivo models. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the liver-toxic responses of environmental chemicals-in this case selected fungicides and parasiticides-in order to determine whether or not this agent differentially affected its toxicogenomic activities in hepatic tumor cell lines. To determine the gene expression profiles of 3 fungicides (triadimefon, myclobutanil, vinclozolin) and 1 parasiticide (dibutyl phthalate), we utilized a modified HazChem human array V2. Additionally, in order to observe the differential alterations in its time-dependent activities, we conducted two time (3 hr, 48 hr) exposures to the respective IC20 values of four chemicals. As a result, we analyzed the expression profiles of a total of 1638 genes, and we identified 70 positive significant genes and 144 negative significant genes using four fungicidic and parasiticidic chemicals, using SAM (Significant Analysis of Microarray) methods (q-value<0.5%). These genes were analyzed and identified as being related to apoptosis, stress responses, germ cell development, cofactor metabolism, and lipid metabolism in GO functions and pathways. Additionally, we found 120 genes among those time-dependently differentially expressed genes, using 1-way ANOVA (P-value<0.05). These genes were related to protein metabolism, stress responses, and positive regulation of apoptosis. These data support the conclusion that the four tested chemicals have common toxicogenomic effects and evidence respectively differential expression profiles according to exposure time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.632-638
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• 1996

A retrospective analysis of primary mediastinal tumors and cysts was performed on 42 patients who underwent surgical resection at our institution from january, 1985 to December, 1995. The patients consisted of 27 males and 15 females. The mean age was 40 years with a range of 10 month to 76 years. The patients were composed of thymlc tumor 12 cases (28.6 %), germ cell tumor 8 cases (19.0 %), primary cyst 7 cases (16.7 %), neurogenic tumor 6 cases (14.3 %) and other miscellanious tumor 9 cases. Overall, 3) (78.6 %) of the tumors were histologically benign, and 9 (21.4 %) were malig- nant. The noted clinical manifestations were respiratory symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea and coughing. All of the patients with malignancy and 55 oyo of the patients with benign tumor were symptomatic on presentation. All of the patients were operated for tis ue diagnosis and curative resection. All the benign tumors ex- cept two cases of sarcoidosis were performed adequate curative resection. A few patients with malignant unresectable tumors were treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy There were 7 (18 %) postoperative complications without mortality. In conclusion, Mediastinal tumors have long fascinated the thoracic surgeon because of their variety and unpredictability of diagnosis prior to exploration. We consider that active surgery and various combined modality can be accomplished with satisfactory result.